摘要:
A novel method and apparatus for one-step linking of membrane permeation of hydrogen to the generation by steam reforming of a methanol-like fuel that comprises bounding a longitudinal flow path of a methanol reformate stream comprising hydrogen, steam and the oxides of carbon and methanol, by a thin palladium-bearing membrane; promoting turbulence in the flow to cause a predominant amount, but not all, of the hydrogen in the stream transversely to permeate the membrane as substantially pure hydrogen passing transversely into a region external to the bounding membrane, thereby simultaneously generating and permeating the hydrogen; and maintaining the hydrogen in the external region at least at atmospheric pressure, but at a lower pressure than the partial pressure of the residual hydrogen in the resulting depleted reformate.
摘要:
A process and reactor apparatus are disclosed for upgrading paraffinic feedstocks to olefinic and/or aromatic products. Hydrogen diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane from the reaction zone into a combustion zone where it reacts exothermically with an oxygen-containing fluid to supply at least a portion of the endothermic heat of reaction for the paraffin upgrading process. Additionally, in-situ separation of by-product hydrogen from the reactant mixture in the reaction zone increases yield of valuable olefinic and aromatic products.
摘要:
Processes and units are provided, which carry out cyclic steps of zinc oxidation and reduction of zinc oxide to combine an exothermic heat delivering step with an endothermic syngas production step, respectively. Both steps use zinc as the pivotal element that enables the process to be carried out cyclically. Heat is delivered from the exothermic step to the endothermic syngas via heat storage elements of various types which are arranged according to the reaction's conditions and characteristic temperatures. Thus, energy efficient syngas production methods and units are provided.
摘要:
Mechanically fluidized systems and processes allow for efficient, cost-effective production of silicon. Particulate may be provided to a heated tray or pan, which is oscillated or vibrated to provide a reaction surface. The particulate migrates downward in the tray or pan and the reactant product migrates upward in the tray or pan as the reactant product reaches a desired state. Exhausted gases may be recycled.
摘要:
A process for preparing magnetic activated carbons including the steps of a) treating an aqueous solution having a biomass hydrothermally at autogenic pressure at a temperature 180 and 250° C., under acidic conditions in the presence of iron ions, to obtain a precursor product, b) activating the precursor product obtained in step a) by mixing an activating agent at elevated temperatures between 550 and 850° C., for a period up to 9 h. The disclosure also relates to magnetic activated carbon prepared according to the process and use of the carbon for separation and storage of gases and purification of liquids. A method for separation of particles from a liquid and/or a gas, and method for regenerating magnetic activated carbon by heating using an oscillating electromagnetic field are also disclosed.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a multimetallic catalyst and its use in a reactor system in a C9+ aromatics conversion process in order to reduce the saturation of aromatic species, reduce the production of C6+ non-aromatics byproducts, and achieve higher benzene purity. The multimetallic catalyst exhibits improved selectivity towards aromatic hydrocarbons in comparison to a traditional Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst and comprises ZSM-5, a Group 6-10 metal, and an additional metal not in Group 6-10. The C9+ aromatics conversion reactor system comprises a top bed containing the multimetallic catalyst for dealkylation of ethyl and propyl side chains, a second bed containing a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component for transalkylation, and an optional third bed containing a catalyst without a hydrogenation component to convert non-aromatic hydrocarbons to gas products.
摘要:
Mechanically fluidized systems and processes allow for efficient, cost-effective production of silicon. Particulate may be provided to a heated tray or pan, which is oscillated or vibrated to provide a reaction surface. The particulate migrates downward in the tray or pan and the reactant product migrates upward in the tray or pan as the reactant product reaches a desired state. Exhausted gases may be recycled.
摘要:
Mechanically fluidized systems and processes allow for efficient, cost-effective production of silicon. Particulate may be provided to a heated tray or pan, which is oscillated or vibrated to provide a reaction surface. The particulate migrates downward in the tray or pan and the reactant product migrates upward in the tray or pan as the reactant product reaches a desired state. Exhausted gases may be recycled.
摘要:
A hydrogen production system (X1) according to the present invention includes a reforming apparatus (Y1) having a vaporizer (1) and a reforming reactor (2), and a PSA apparatus (5). In the vaporizer (1) a mixed material (hydrocarbon-based material, water, and oxygen) is heated and vaporized. In the reforming reactor (2), steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reaction of the hydrocarbon-based material take place at a time, so that reformed gas (containing hydrogen) is led out from the vaporized mixed material. In the PSA apparatus (5), the reformed gas is introduced into an adsorption tower loaded with an adsorbing agent, so that an unnecessary component in the gas is adsorbed by the adsorbing agent and hence hydrogen-rich gas is led out of the tower, while the unnecessary component is desorbed from the adsorbing agent, so that hydrogen-containing desorbed gas that contains the unnecessary component and hydrogen remaining in the tower is discharged out of the tower. The desorbed gas is burnt in the vaporizer (1), and combustion gas generated by burning the desorbed gas is utilized as a heat source to heat the mixed material.