公开(公告)号：US08382975B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US12615161

申请日：2009-11-09

Applicant: Andrea Sorrentino ,  Heinrich Christoph Neitzert ,  Luigi Vertuccio ,  Liberata Guadagno ,  Vittoria Vittoria ,  Generoso Iannuzzo ,  Salvatore Russo ,  Erika Calvi

Inventor： Andrea Sorrentino ,  Heinrich Christoph Neitzert ,  Luigi Vertuccio ,  Liberata Guadagno ,  Vittoria Vittoria ,  Generoso Iannuzzo ,  Salvatore Russo ,  Erika Calvi

IPC: B32B37/14

CPC classification number: C08J3/248

Abstract: The process for monitoring the curing reaction of a polymeric matrix, in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed whereby a composite material is formed, provides for: arranging an electric circuit comprising at least a generator of a substantially constant voltage, an amperemeter and two electrodes immersed into the composite material, whereby the composite material interposed between the electrodes closes the electrical circuit, and tracing the current intensity value measured by the amperemeter, which is correlated to the progress of the curing reaction of the polymeric matrix, so as to control said progress.

Abstract translation: 用于监测聚合物基体的固化反应的方法，其中分散有碳纳米管，由此形成复合材料，其提供：布置电路，该电路至少包括基本上恒定电压的发生器，安培计和两个电极浸入 复合材料，由此介于电极之间的复合材料封闭电路，并跟踪与安培计测量的电流强度值，其与聚合物基体的固化反应的进程相关，以便控制所述进展。

公开(公告)号：US08344040B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-01

申请号：US13398879

申请日：2012-02-17

Applicant: Dehchuan Sun

Inventor： Dehchuan Sun

IPC: C08F110/02 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F110/00

CPC classification number: C08J3/247 ,  C08F8/50 ,  C08J3/248 ,  C08J7/08 ,  C08J7/123 ,  C08J2323/02 ,  C08F110/02

Abstract: A process produces a block of polyolefin material with uniform crosslinking, which may be uniform between and within polymer chains in the polyolefin material. Steps include: providing an oven; placing the block into the oven; preheating the block to a uniform temperature above the melting point; further heating the block to a temperature at least 30 degrees Centigrade above the melting point; cooling the block to room temperature under an inert gas; and removing oxidized material from surface of the block. Optional steps include: subjecting the block to radiation before placing the block into the oven; removing the gases from the oven on a continuous or stepwise basis; controlling the purge gas flow out of the oven; and determining a heating time period for the block by subjecting control blocks to the same process and analyzing them after various heating times.

Abstract translation: 一种方法产生具有均匀交联的聚烯烃材料块，其在聚烯烃材料中的聚合物链之间和聚合物链之间可以是均匀的。 步骤包括：提供烤箱; 将块放入烤箱中; 将块体预热至高于熔点的均匀温度; 进一步将块体加热至高于熔点至少30摄氏度的温度; 在惰性气体下将块体冷却至室温; 并从块的表面除去氧化的材料。 可选步骤包括：在将块放入烘箱之前对块进行辐射; 以连续或逐步的方式从烤箱中取出气体; 控制吹扫气体流出烘箱; 以及通过对控制块进行相同的处理并在各种加热时间之后对其进行分析来确定块的加热时间段。

公开(公告)号：US20070264489A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-15

申请号：US11660758

申请日：2005-08-31

Applicant: Masazumi Sasabe ,  Kenji Kadonaga ,  Shigeru Sakamoto ,  Motohiro Imura ,  Tsunemasa Ueno ,  Hiroko Ueda ,  Yoshifumi Adachi

Inventor： Masazumi Sasabe ,  Kenji Kadonaga ,  Shigeru Sakamoto ,  Motohiro Imura ,  Tsunemasa Ueno ,  Hiroko Ueda ,  Yoshifumi Adachi

IPC: C08J3/24 ,  C08L101/14

CPC classification number: C08J3/248 ,  C08J3/243 ,  C08J2300/14 ,  Y10T428/254 ,  Y10T428/2982

Abstract: A homogeneously surface cross-linked water absorbent resin and a method for the production thereof are provided. The water absorbent material is formed of a surface cross-linked water absorbent resin resulting from granular irregularly pulverized shaped surface cross-linking the product of partial neutralization or whole neutralization of a water absorbent resin having acrylic acid or a metal salt thereof as a main component, which water absorbent material shows a metal atom concentration on the surface of the water absorbent material in the range of 0-10% within 0 second of polishing and 2-35% at 10 seconds value of polishing as determined by subjecting the water absorbent material to Ar ion discharge polishing under a voltage of 500 Å. The surface cross-linked water absorbent resin to be used herein can be produced by surface cross-linking a water absorbent resin having a specific particle diameter with a surface cross-linking agent having a water concentration in a specific range.

Abstract translation: 提供均匀的表面交联型吸水性树脂及其制造方法。 吸水材料由表面交联的吸水性树脂形成，该表面交联的吸水性树脂是由具有丙烯酸或其金属盐作为主要成分的吸水性树脂的部分中和或全部中和产生的颗粒不规则粉碎的表面交联而成的 该吸水材料在抛光的0秒内在吸水材料的表面上表现出0-10％的范围内的金属原子浓度，在10秒的抛光时间为2-35％，通过使吸水材料 在500的电压下进行Ar离子放电研磨。 这里使用的表面交联型吸水性树脂可以通过将具有特定粒径的吸水性树脂与具有特定范围的水分浓度的表面交联剂进行表面交联来制造。

公开(公告)号：US06924652B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-02

申请号：US10322903

申请日：2002-12-18

Applicant: Jee-Hwan Jang ,  Hyun-Kyung Sung ,  Hun-Jong Baik ,  Ho-Sull Lee

Inventor： Jee-Hwan Jang ,  Hyun-Kyung Sung ,  Hun-Jong Baik ,  Ho-Sull Lee

IPC: B29C35/02 ,  B29K21/00 ,  B29K105/24 ,  C08J3/24 ,  C08L21/00 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N33/44 ,  G01R27/26

CPC classification number: C08J3/248 ,  C08J2321/00 ,  G01N27/026 ,  G01N33/445

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the crosslink degree of a vulcanized sample in real time during a vulcanization process or diagnosing the electrical properties of the sample after the completion of the vulcanization process, and then determining an optimal vulcanization time and an optimal content of each constituent gradient of a composition for vulcanization that optimize the properties of the composition according to the vulcanization conditions, for the sake of improving the properties of the vulcanized sample prepared from a polymer by vulcanization at a high temperature.The method for determining an optimal vulcanization time and an optimal content of each constituent gradient of a composition for vulcanization that optimize the properties of the composition according to the vulcanization conditions includes: (a) measuring an impedance spectrum in a specific frequency range in the individual vulcanization condition; (b) approximating the measured impedance spectrum to an equivalent circuit model consisting of resistance and capacitance components; (c) determining a polymer resistance Rp (i.e., a value obtained by subtracting a real part of the impedance measurement at a maximum frequency from a real part of the impedance measurement at a minimum frequency, or the magnitude of a real part of the semicircle in a Nyquist diagram) from the determined parameters; (d) determining, as an optimal end point of vulcanization, a time point at which the increasing rate of the polymer resistance Rp rapidly slows down; and (e) determining the optimal content of each constituent ingredient of the composition for vulcanization when the polymer resistance Rp of the sample completely vulcanized is at its minimum.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种在硫化过程中实时评估硫化样品的交联度或在硫化工艺完成后对样品的电性能进行诊断的方法，然后确定最佳硫化时间和最佳含量 的硫化用组合物的各组成梯度，以便通过硫化在高温下提高由聚合物制备的硫化试样的性能，从而优化硫化条件下组合物的性能。 用于确定根据硫化条件优化组合物的性能的用于硫化的组合物的最佳硫化时间和每种组成梯度的最佳含量的方法包括：（a）测量个体中特定频率范围内的阻抗谱 硫化条件; （b）将测量的阻抗谱近似为由电阻和电容分量组成的等效电路模型; （c）确定聚合物电阻Rp（即，以最小频率从阻抗测量的实部减去最大频率处的阻抗测量的实部或半圆的实部的大小获得的值 在奈奎斯特图中）从确定的参数; （d）确定硫化的最佳终点为聚合物电阻Rp的增加速度迅速减慢的时间点; 和（e）当完全硫化的样品的聚合物电阻Rp为最小时，确定用于硫化的组合物的每种组成成分的最佳含量。

公开(公告)号：US20050095353A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-05

申请号：US10955222

申请日：2004-09-30

Applicant: Franziska Isele ,  Oliver Reis

Inventor： Franziska Isele ,  Oliver Reis

IPC: B05D3/02 ,  C08J3/24 ,  B05D1/12 ,  B05D1/00

CPC classification number: C08J3/248 ,  B05D3/0263 ,  B05D2401/32

Abstract: A method of curing powder coatings comprising the steps 1. application of the powder coating onto the substrate surface, 2. curing of the coating by means of NIR radiation in a wavelength range of 760 to 1500 nm, wherein the course of the curing is tracked by recording the thermal radiation given off by the coated substrate during curing.

Abstract translation: 一种固化粉末涂料的方法，包括步骤1.将粉末涂料施加到基材表面上，2.通过在760至1500nm的波长范围内的NIR辐射固化涂层，其中固化过程被跟踪 通过在固化期间记录被涂覆的基底所发出的热辐射。

公开(公告)号：US20020164434A1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-07

申请号：US09395072

申请日：1999-09-13

Inventor： MICHAEL TARVIN ,  MICHAEL A. RAU

IPC: C08F002/48 ,  C08J003/28

CPC classification number: C04B41/483 ,  C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/63 ,  C04B2111/60 ,  C08J3/248 ,  C09D4/00 ,  C09D4/06 ,  C09D167/06 ,  C09D175/16 ,  C04B41/0045 ,  C04B2103/40 ,  C04B2103/50 ,  C04B2103/54 ,  C04B28/02 ,  C08F220/00 ,  C08F290/14

Abstract: The present invention provides an indicator for determining when curable coatings have crosslinked or cured thereby permitting the applier to know what part of the floor may be used without affecting the surface and what part of the floor is still in the curing process and may not be disturbed. The invention involves the incorporation in the liquid materials applied to the floor, of a dye or pigment which is visible to the naked eye when the coating is in the liquid state and significantly less visible after the coating has cured. Almost any dye or pigment may be used which is compatible with the various coatings which may be employed in the present invention; provided however, the amount of dye or pigment added is sufficient to be visible when the material is liquid but not so much to prevent the color intensity from being greatly diminished upon curing.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于确定何时固化涂层具有交联或固化的指示剂，从而允许施加器知道可以使用什么部分的地板而不影响表面，以及哪些部分地板仍处于固化过程中并且可能不受干扰 。 本发明涉及在涂层处于液体状态时，施加到地板上的染料或颜料的液体材料，其在肉眼可见，并且在涂层固化后显着较少可见。 几乎可以使用与可用于本发明的各种涂层相容的任何染料或颜料; 但是，当材料是液体时，添加的染料或颜料的量足够可见，但是不能防止颜色强度在固化时大大降低。

公开(公告)号：US5707587A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-13

申请号：US752830

申请日：1996-11-20

Applicant: Gary J. Blanchard ,  Julie L. Jessop ,  Alec B. Scranton

Inventor： Gary J. Blanchard ,  Julie L. Jessop ,  Alec B. Scranton

IPC: B29C35/02 ,  C08J3/24 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/44

CPC classification number: G01N21/643 ,  B29C35/0288 ,  C08J3/248 ,  G01N33/44

Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) for detection of the degree of cure of a polymer in situ and non-invasively. The method and apparatus uses a solvatochromic probe molecule which upon curing produces a shift in the fluorescence emission spectrum as compared to a liquid polymerizable composition. The method and apparatus is particularly adapted for poly(vinyl) polymers. Preferred solvatochromic probe molecules are oxazones and pyrene.

Abstract translation: 一种用于原位和非侵入性地检测聚合物的固化程度的方法和装置（10）。 该方法和装置使用溶剂化色素探针分子，其在固化时与液体可聚合组合物相比产生荧光发射光谱的偏移。 该方法和装置特别适用于聚（乙烯基）聚合物。 优选的溶剂化色素探针分子是恶唑酮和芘。

公开(公告)号：US5583178A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-10

申请号：US496499

申请日：1995-06-29

Applicant: Joel D. Oxman ,  Mark S. Konings ,  George V. D. Tiers ,  Kim M. Vogel ,  Dennis E. Vogel

Inventor： Joel D. Oxman ,  Mark S. Konings ,  George V. D. Tiers ,  Kim M. Vogel ,  Dennis E. Vogel

IPC: A61K6/093 ,  A61K6/10 ,  A61L27/18 ,  B05D3/00 ,  B05D5/06 ,  B05D7/24 ,  C08J3/24 ,  C08K5/00 ,  C08L83/04 ,  C09B23/00 ,  C09B53/00 ,  C09D183/05 ,  C09D183/07 ,  C08L83/05

CPC classification number: C08L83/04 ,  A61K6/0017 ,  A61K6/0023 ,  A61K6/0061 ,  A61K6/10 ,  A61L27/18 ,  C08J3/248 ,  C08K5/0041 ,  C09B19/00 ,  C09B23/06 ,  C09B23/083 ,  C09B23/086 ,  C09B23/102 ,  C09B23/107 ,  C09B23/145 ,  C09B55/002 ,  C08G77/045 ,  C08G77/12 ,  C08G77/20

Abstract: The present invention provides novel hydrosilation-curable compositions, the cure of which can be monitored visually, comprising: (1) an ethylenic compound; (2) a compound containing silicon-bonded-hydrogen groups; (3) a hydrosilation catalyst; and (4) one or more cure-indicating dyes with light absorption in the visible spectrum that exhibit a color change in the presence of a silicon-bonded-hydrogen compound and a precious metal hydrosilation catalyst. The cure-indicating dye provides the composition with an initial pre-cure color and a different post-cure color. As a result of this change in color, the state of cure of the composition can be visually monitored.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了新的可氢化硅烷化固化的组合物，其固化可以目视监测，包括：（1）烯属化合物; （2）含有硅键合氢基团的化合物; （3）硅氢化催化剂; 和（4）一种或多种在可见光谱中具有光吸收的固化指示染料，其在硅键合氢化合物和贵金属硅氢化催化剂存在下表现出颜色变化。 固化指示染料为组合物提供初始预固化颜色和不同的后固化颜色。 作为颜色变化的结果，可以目视监视组合物的固化状态。

公开(公告)号：US3565870A

公开(公告)日：1971-02-23

申请号：US3565870D

申请日：1968-10-28

Applicant: SEKAICHO RUBBER

Inventor： IINO HIROKAZU

IPC: C08J3/24 ,  C08F27/06 ,  B29C25/00

CPC classification number: C08J3/248 ,  C08J2321/00

Abstract: A FILM OF POLYISOPROPENE IS COATED ON THE SURFACE OF A VULCANIZABLE RUBBER ARTICLE, THE COATED ARTICLE IS VULCANIZED, AND THE FLUORESCENCE OF THE VULCANIZED ARTICLE UNDER EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IS EVALUATED AS A MEASURE OF THE DEGREE OF VULCANIZATION OF THE ARTICLE.

公开(公告)号：US11981781B2

公开(公告)日：2024-05-14

申请号：US17276275

申请日：2019-09-26

Applicant: BOREALIS AG

Inventor： Oscar Prieto ,  Jeroen Oderkerk ,  Jari-Jussi Ruskeeniemi ,  Stefan Hellström ,  Tanja Piel ,  Daniela Mileva

IPC: C08J3/24 ,  B29B9/12 ,  C08L23/08 ,  C08L51/06 ,  B29K23/00

CPC classification number: C08J3/248 ,  B29B9/12 ,  C08L23/0815 ,  C08L51/06 ,  B29K2023/16 ,  C08J2323/08 ,  C08L2310/00 ,  C08L2312/08

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for providing a cross-linked composition, the process comprising the steps of (a) providing an ethylene-α-olefin plastomer having—a density of from 850 kg/m3 to 900 kg/m3; and—an melt flow rate (ISO 1133, 2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 0.3 to 50 g/10 min; (b) grafting the ethylene-α-olefin plastomer with silane crosslinker such that the content of silane crosslinker is in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 wt. % with respect to the grafted ethylene-α-olefin plastomer; (c) contacting said grafted ethylene-α-olefin plastomer with 2 to 8 wt. % of a tin-free silane crosslinking catalyst with respect to the resulting mixture of grafted ethylene-α-olefin plastomer and tin-freesilane crosslinking catalyst, wherein said tin-free catalyst comprises a Brönsted acid at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity for at least 15 minutes thus forming a cross-linked composition, wherein gel content of said cross-linked composition after 15 min is at least 60%.