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公开(公告)号:US20180032281A1
公开(公告)日:2018-02-01
申请号:US15225343
申请日:2016-08-01
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Manu Gulati , Peter F. Holland , Erik P. Machnicki , Robert E. Jeter , Rakesh L. Notani , Neeraj Parik , Marc A. Schaub
IPC: G06F3/06 , G11C11/406
CPC classification number: G06F3/0656 , G06F3/0604 , G06F3/0683 , G06F13/1673 , G11C11/40615
Abstract: In some embodiments, a system includes a memory system, a real-time computing device, and a controller. The real-time computing device stores data within a local buffer having a corresponding storage threshold, where the data satisfies the storage threshold, and where the storage threshold is based on a latency of the memory system and an expected rate of utilization of the data of the local buffer. The controller detects that the memory system should perform an operation, where the memory system is unavailable to the real-time computing device during the operation. In response to detecting that an amount of time for the operation exceeds an amount of time corresponding to the storage threshold, the controller overrides the storage threshold. The controller may override the storage threshold by modifying the storage threshold and by overriding a default priority for access requests of the real-time computing device to the memory system.
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公开(公告)号:US09698797B1
公开(公告)日:2017-07-04
申请号:US15210852
申请日:2016-07-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Manu Gulati , Suhas Kumar Suvarna Ramesh , Venkata Ramana Malladi , Thomas H. Huang , Rakesh L. Notani , Robert E. Jeter , Kai Lun Hsiung
CPC classification number: H03L7/23
Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to feedback-controlled oscillators (e.g., phase-locked loops) arranged in two or more levels. In some embodiments, in a relatively higher-frequency mode, a first level feedback-controlled oscillator provides reference signals to one or more second level feedback-controlled oscillators that in turn generate output clock signals to clock sequential circuitry. In some embodiments, in a relatively lower-frequency mode, the first level feedback-controlled oscillator bypasses the second level feedback-controlled oscillators and provides output clock signals directly to sequential circuitry (without using any intervening feedback-controlled oscillators).
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公开(公告)号:US09666264B1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-30
申请号:US15187886
申请日:2016-06-21
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Kai Lun Hsiung , Rakesh L. Notani , Xingchao C. Yuan
IPC: G11C7/10 , G11C11/4076 , G11C11/4093 , G11C11/4096
CPC classification number: G11C11/4076 , G06F13/1689 , G06F13/4234 , G11C7/1066 , G11C7/1093 , G11C11/4093 , G11C11/4096 , G11C2207/2254
Abstract: A method and apparatus for memory calibration averaging is disclosed. In one embodiment, a memory subsystem includes a memory and a memory controller. The memory controller includes a calibration control circuit that periodically performs calibrations of the memory subsystem. Calibration may be performed for a delay applied to a data strobe used to synchronized transfers of data between the memory controller and the memory, and a reference voltage used to distinguish between a logic 0 and a logic 1 during memory reads. Following the performance of a calibration, the values of the delay and the reference voltage may be set based on an average of a most recent number of calibrations.
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公开(公告)号:US09640244B1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-02
申请号:US15083786
申请日:2016-03-29
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Rakesh L. Notani
IPC: G11C29/04 , G11C11/4076 , G11C11/4096
CPC classification number: G11C11/4076 , G06F13/1694 , G11C7/1066 , G11C7/1093 , G11C29/021 , G11C29/022 , G11C29/023 , G11C29/025 , G11C29/028 , G11C29/12005 , G11C29/1201 , G11C29/12015 , G11C29/50004 , G11C29/50008 , G11C29/50012 , G11C2029/1208 , G11C2029/5002 , G11C2207/2254
Abstract: A method and apparatus for pre-calibration of various system performance states is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes, for each of a number of different performance states (or operating points), performing initial calibrations of various parameters associated with transfers of data between a memory and a memory controller. After completing the initial calibrations, the calibrated values are stored. Thereafter, during normal operation and following a change to a new performance state, the values of the various parameters are set to the values to which they were calibrated during the initial calibration for that state.
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公开(公告)号:US12293808B2
公开(公告)日:2025-05-06
申请号:US18455385
申请日:2023-08-24
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Rakesh L. Notani , Kai Lun Hsiung , Venkata Ramana Malladi , Rahul Ranjan , Naveen Kumar Korada
Abstract: A memory subsystem and method for performing calibrations therein is disclosed. A memory subsystem includes a memory controller coupled to a memory by a plurality of signal paths. The memory controller is configured to perform an initial calibration to determine respective eye patterns corresponding to the ones of the plurality of signal paths. For a subsequent calibration, updated eye patterns are determined for a subset of the plurality of signal paths. Remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths (not included in the subset), are not active during the subsequent calibrations. Updated eye patterns for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths are determined based on information obtained during the initial calibration and information from signal paths in the subset designated proxies for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths.
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公开(公告)号:US20250104790A1
公开(公告)日:2025-03-27
申请号:US18525088
申请日:2023-11-30
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Jingkui Zheng , Srinivasa Rao Masanam
Abstract: An apparatus for performing memory calibrations during a performance state change is disclosed. A memory controller is configured to convey a clock signal to a memory and includes a calibration control circuit configured to perform a plurality of calibrations of the clock signal during a change from a first one to a second one of a plurality of performance states, and a delay circuit configured to apply a delay to clock signal conveyed to the memory. In performing a one of the calibrations, the calibration control circuit is configured to convey, to the memory, a first command to begin a timing test that generates a count value indicative of a current voltage of the memory, receive the count value from the memory at a conclusion of the timing test, and cause the delay circuit to adjust, based on the count value, the delay applied to the clock signal.
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公开(公告)号:US20240062792A1
公开(公告)日:2024-02-22
申请号:US18455385
申请日:2023-08-24
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Rakesh L. Notani , Kai Lun Hsiung , Venkata Ramana Malladi , Rahul Ranjan , Naveen Kumar Korada
CPC classification number: G11C7/22 , G06F11/1076 , G11C7/10 , G11C2207/2254
Abstract: A memory subsystem and method for performing calibrations therein is disclosed. A memory subsystem includes a memory controller coupled to a memory by a plurality of signal paths. The memory controller is configured to perform an initial calibration to determine respective eye patterns corresponding to the ones of the plurality of signal paths. For a subsequent calibration, updated eye patterns are determined for a subset of the plurality of signal paths. Remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths (not included in the subset), are not active during the subsequent calibrations. Updated eye patterns for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths are determined based on information obtained during the initial calibration and information from signal paths in the subset designated proxies for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths.
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公开(公告)号:US11776597B2
公开(公告)日:2023-10-03
申请号:US17646741
申请日:2022-01-03
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Rakesh L. Notani , Kai Lun Hsiung , Venkata Ramana Malladi , Rahul Ranjan , Naveen Kumar Korada
CPC classification number: G11C7/22 , G06F11/1076 , G11C7/10 , G11C2207/2254
Abstract: A memory subsystem and method for performing calibrations therein is disclosed. A memory subsystem includes a memory controller coupled to a memory by a plurality of signal paths. The memory controller is configured to perform an initial calibration to determine respective eye patterns corresponding to the ones of the plurality of signal paths. For a subsequent calibrations, updated eye patterns are determined for a subset of the plurality of signal paths. Remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths (not included in the subset), are not active during the subsequent calibrations. Updated eye patterns for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths are determined based on information obtained during the initial calibration and information from signal paths in the subset designated proxies for the remaining ones of the plurality of signal paths.
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公开(公告)号:US10734983B1
公开(公告)日:2020-08-04
申请号:US16277263
申请日:2019-02-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Rakesh L. Notani , Kai Lun Hsiung , Yanzhe Liu
IPC: G11C11/409 , H03K3/017 , H03K5/156
Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing duty cycle correction with read/write calibrations is disclosed. A first calibration is performed in a memory subsystem having a memory and a memory controller. The first calibration includes conveying a first clock signal from the memory controller to the memory, and determining the duty cycle of the first clock signal. If the duty cycle is not within a specified range, the duty cycle is adjusted and the process repeated. After the duty cycle of the first clock signal is within the specified range, a second calibration is performed, the second calibration including conveying a second clock signal from the memory to the memory controller. The duty cycle of the first clock signal may be further adjusted based on the second calibration.
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公开(公告)号:US10515028B2
公开(公告)日:2019-12-24
申请号:US16030794
申请日:2018-07-09
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor: Robert E. Jeter , Brijesh Tripathi , Kiran Kattel , Rakesh L. Notani , Fabien S. Faure , Sukalpa Biswas , Kai Lun Hsiung , Neeraj Parik , Venkata Ramana Malladi , Shiva Kumar , Chaitanya Polapragada , Allen Kim
IPC: G06F13/16
Abstract: An apparatus and method for encoding data are disclosed that may allow for performing periodic calibration operations on a communication link. A controller may determine multiple possible values for a reference voltage used with the communication link based on an initial value. Calibration operations may be performed using each possible value, and the results of the operations scored based on the width of data eyes measured during the calibration operations. The controller may then select a new value for the reference voltage from the multiple possible values dependent upon the scores of each of the multiple possible values.
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