摘要:
Three-dimensional metal dielectric structures are disclosed with chiral symmetry that elicit surface plasmons. The plasmons may have propagational circular polarization wherein the frequency of such propagating plasmons may be tuned by design to couple with the electronic transitions or fundamental vibrations, including phonons, of a molecular species. The plasmon-molecule coupling, combined with the propagational polarization afforded by the chiral structure may be further exploited to mediate the chemical transformations involving molecules with spatial chirality and/or to detect molecules with spatial chirality.
摘要:
A method and apparatus measure properties of two layers of a damascene structure (e.g. a silicon wafer during fabrication), and use the two measurements to identify a location as having voids. The two measurements may be used in any manner, e.g. compared to one another, and voids are deemed to be present when the two measurements diverge from each other. In response to the detection of voids, a process parameter used in fabrication of the damascene structure may be changed, to reduce or eliminate voids in to-be-formed structures.
摘要:
A method and apparatus measure properties of two layers of a damascene structure (e.g. a silicon wafer during fabrication), and use the two measurements to identify a location as having voids. The two measurements may be used in any manner, e.g. compared to one another, and voids are deemed to be present when the two measurements diverge from each other. In response to the detection of voids, a process parameter used in fabrication of the damascene structure may be changed, to reduce or eliminate voids in to-be-formed structures.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring nonreciprocal optical effects contemplates directing two circularly polarized optical beams having a known phase relation to each other at a sample, and detecting the difference in phase between the two beams after they have encountered the sample. In a transmission measurement the two circularly polarized beams have the same handedness, but pass through the sample in opposite directions. In a reflection measurement, the two circularly polarized beams have opposite handedness, but encounter the sample in the same direction. In a particular embodiment of the invention a linearly polarized beam is introduced into a Sagnac interferometer and split into two linearly polarized beams which are ultimately recombined.
摘要:
An air quality measuring device, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a top case, a bottom case provided below the top case, a circular light guide unit which is disposed between the top case and the bottom case. The air quality measuring device has an outer portion and an inner portion, and includes a coupling boss positioned around the outer portion so as to be coupled to the top case or the bottom case. The air quality measuring device also includes a light source unit positioned on the inner portion, where the light guide unit has a light exit surface formed on the outer portion and may include a rib which is positioned around the outer portion and protrudes from one surface thereof.
摘要:
A method of evaluating crystallinity includes irradiating light from below a polycrystalline silicon substrate, allowing the irradiated light to pass through the polycrystalline silicon substrate and a circular polarizing plate disposed above the polycrystalline silicon substrate, measuring an intensity of light having passed through the circular polarizing plate at a location vertically above the circular polarizing plate, notifying that there is an error in a crystallinity of the polycrystalline silicon substrate when the measured intensity of the light is out of an error margin of a predetermined criterion intensity of light.
摘要:
A method for determining the presence of crystalline silica particles in a sample comprising a plurality of particles. The method comprises: receiving first data generated based upon light scattered by at least one particle of said plurality of particles; receiving second data generated based upon intensity and polarisation change of the light transmitted through at least one particle of said plurality of particles; and determining the presence of crystalline silica particles in the sample based upon the first data and second data.
摘要:
On-line detection of mesophase particles employs a laser diode light source to illuminate a target area with a pulsed laser linearly or circularly polarized probe beam. Analysis of images determines extent of presence the birefringent mesophase particles, which are precursors to coking in catalytic hydrocracking processes. The inherently polarized low-coherence, unfocused but sufficiently collimated, pulsed laser beam yield sharp imaging with high depth of field of very small mesophase particles that are present in a moving, dark reactor liquid environment.
摘要:
A method of measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters includes providing a LED light source, guiding light having the spectral range from the LED light source along an optical path, providing a cuvette module with a sample receiving chamber, providing a pair of first and second optical diffusers disposed in the optical path where the cuvette module is disposed between the pair of first and second optical diffusers, guiding light from the cuvette module into an optical spectrometer, and processing an electrical signal from the spectrometer into an output signal useable for displaying and reporting hemoglobin parameter values and/or total bilirubin parameter values of the sample of whole blood.
摘要:
Generally discussed herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods that can detect a defect in a die. According to an example, a method can include transmitting a first beam of light with a wavelength and optical power configured to produce a reflected beam with at least one milli-Watt of power, linearly polarizing the first beam of light in a specific direction, circularly polarizing the linearly polarized light by a quarter wavelength to create circularly polarized light, directing the circularly polarized light to a device under test, linearly polarizing light reflected off the device under test by a quarter wavelength, or creating an image of the linearly polarized light reflected off the device under test.