Abstract:
An aerosol delivery system (e.g., MDI or nebulizer for delivering aerosolized medication to a patient) includes a temperature sensor (10) in an aerosol output pathway of the system. A controller (600) determines that an aerosol generator of the system has released aerosol when the sensor senses a predetermined temperature change in the pathway. The temperature sensor may also comprise a thermal flow sensor that includes a heater and upstream and downstream temperature sensors. The controller compares the upstream and downstream temperatures to determine the presence, direction, and/or magnitude of fluid flow in the pathway. The controller may use the aerosol detection and/or flow detection to monitor compliance with desired use of the system and/or provide real-time instructions to a user for proper use of the system. The controller may record the aerosolization and flow data for later analysis.
Abstract:
An aerosol delivery system (e.g., MDI or nebulizer for delivering aerosolized medication to a patient) includes a temperature sensor in an aerosol output pathway of the system. A controller determines that an aerosol generator of the system has released aerosol when the sensor senses a predetermined temperature change in the pathway. The temperature sensor may also comprise a thermal flow sensor that includes a heater and upstream and downstream temperature sensors. The controller compares the upstream and downstream temperatures to determine the presence, direction, and/or magnitude of fluid flow in the pathway. The controller may use the aerosol detection and/or flow detection to monitor compliance with desired use of the system and/or provide real-time instructions to a user for proper use of the system. The controller may record the aerosolization and flow data for later analysis.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for optically detecting the presence of an analyte in a solution is presented. An embodiment comprises a waveguide resonator that is optically coupled to a fluid in a fluidic conduit so that the resonant wavelength of the waveguide resonator is based on the refractive index of the fluid.
Abstract:
A thermal flow sensor integrated circuit for sensing flow in a channel based on temperature measurements, the integrated circuit having a temperature sensing element (30) on a front side of the integrated circuit arranged to face the channel, and a bond pad (60, 200) coupled electrically to the temperature sensing element, for making electrical contact off the integrated circuit, the bond pad being arranged to face away from the channel. By having the bond pad facing away from the channel, the space needed for the bond pad and any connections to it need not extend beyond the temperature sensing element and get in the way of the channel. Hence the temperature sensing element can be located closer to the channel or in the channel to enable measurements with better response time and sensitivity.
Abstract:
An image projection system having a laser projector that projects two differently polarized images on a display region is disclosed. The laser projector enables viewing the two differently polarized images as a three-dimensional image. The image projection system includes a planar lightwave circuit-based beam combiner that enables multiple colors of laser light having different polarization modes to be combined in a single output beam that is scanned over the display region at video rates to produce the two polarized images.
Abstract:
The rollable device of the invention comprises a substrate of an insulating material (12) with apertures (15) extending from a first to a second side. On the first side switching elements (13) are present, as well as interconnect lines and the like, covered by a coating of organic material (3). On the second side a functional layer is present. Examples of such functional layers include capacitors, antennas and particularly electro-optical layers. Thus, with a rollable display that may include an antenna and a driver circuit is obtained.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for optically detecting the presence of an analyte in a solution is presented. An embodiment comprises a waveguide resonator that is optically coupled to a fluid in a fluidic conduit so that the resonant wavelength of the waveguide resonator is based on the refractive index of the fluid.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for optically detecting the presence of an analyte in a solution is presented. An embodiment comprises a waveguide resonator that is optically coupled to a fluid in a fluidic conduit so that the resonant wavelength of the waveguide resonator is based on the refractive index of the fluid.
Abstract:
Individual devices (100) are locally attached to a carrier substrate (10), so that they can be removed therefrom individually. This is achieved through the use of a patterned release layer, particularly a layer that is removable through decomposition into gaseous or vaporized decomposition products. The mechanical connection between the carrier substrate (10) and the individual devices (100) is provided by a bridging portion (43) of an adhesion layer (40).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing a substrate with at least one covered via that electrically and preferably also thermally connects a first substrate side with an opposite second substrate side. The processing involves forming a trench on a the first substrate side remains and covering the trench with a permanent layer on top of a temporary, sacrificial cap-layer, which is decomposed in a thermal process step. The method of the invention provides alternative ways to remove decomposition products of the sacrificial cap-layer material without remaining traces or contamination even in the presence of the permanent layer. This is, according to a first aspect of the invention, achieved by providing the substrate trench with an overcoat layer that has holes. The holes in the overcoat layer leave room for the removal of the decomposition products of the cap-layer material. According to the second aspect of the invention, opening the covered trench from the second substrate side and allowing the cap-layer material to be removed through that opening provides a solution. Both methods of the present invention are based on the common idea of using a temporary cap-layer even in a situation where the substrate opening is permanently covered before the removal of the temporary cap-layer.