Abstract:
A radiation source for generating electromagnetic radiation includes an anode, a cathode, and a discharge space. The anode and the cathode are configured to create a discharge in a substance in the discharge space to form a plasma so as to generate the electromagnetic radiation. The radiation source also includes a fuel supply constructed and arranged to supply at least a component of the substance to a location near the discharge space. The fuel supply is located at a distance from the anode and the cathode. The radiation source also includes a further supply constructed and arranged to create and/or maintain a cooling and/or protective layer on or near the anode and/or cathode.
Abstract:
An electron beam generator with a linear cathode which has at least one end clamped to enable the cathode to move longitudinally. A beam forming electrode is at the same potential as the cathode and has an exit opening for the electron beam. The beam-forming electrode is provided with connection means to supply beam and heater voltage to the cathode. The clamps used to clamp the cathode, are connection contacts for the ends of the cathode and are outside of the contact points in the emission area of the cathode.
Abstract:
A high-temperature-resistant composite body is formed by joining over an area of a first, nonmetallic section via a bonding solder layer to a second, metallic section composed of Mo, an Mo-based alloy, W or a W-based alloy. A first arrangement composed of the first section, a first Zr solder and an intermediate layer is firstly soldered together in a first soldering step. A second arrangement of the resulting partial composite body, a second solder adjoining the intermediate layer and the second section is subsequently soldered together in a second soldering step. The intermediate layer at least 90 atom % of at least one of the elements Ta, Nb, W. The second solder is formed by precisely one material selected from Ti, Ti-based solder combination, V-based solder combination, Zr or Zr-based solder combination and it melts at a lower temperature than the first Zr solder in the second arrangement.
Abstract:
A spark gap device for a lightning arrester comprising a first spark gap having a uniform electric field characteristic and a second spark gap connected in parallel with the first spark gap and having a nonuniform electric field characteristic. The spark gaps are disposed in a hermetically sealed housing having an electrically negative gas disposed therein. The resultant spark gap device has a substantially constant sparkover voltage charactetistic since a discharge due to a lightning surge voltage always takes place first across the first spark gap and a discharge due to a low frequency voltage always takes place first across the second spark gap.
Abstract:
A rotary anode arrangement for X-ray tubes wherein the anode plate and the driving rotor are connected with each other and are also connected with the connection of both outer rings of two bearings spaced from each other. Their inner rings lie upon a shaft constituting the rotary axis and located in a tubular piston. The invention is particularly characterized in that the driving rotor as well as the connection to the anode plate extend along the spacing between the two bearings and are fixed to the connection of the two bearings close to the edge of the bearing distant from the plate. At least a part of the connection between the plate and the attachment to the bearings consists of a tube with thin walls which constitutes a resilient element for selected sizes.
Abstract:
Tungsten anode targets are joined to graphite substrates by a brazing method employing a controlled atmosphere and a suitable braze material such as platinum and an alloy of platinum and chromium.
Abstract:
There is disclosed herein an electrode type glow discharge apparatus, such as that used for sputtering material from a cathode to provide a coating or the like on materials such as a substrate or substrates. Several exemplary embodiments are disclosed involving various combinations of constructural features including a flanged or spool type cathode, anode placement with respect thereto, provision of internal and/or external magnetic fields with field lines close to and substantially parallel with the barrel of the cathode, insulator placement, efficient cooling for anode and cathode, and the like. Furthermore, the assembly is constructed in a manner such that the same can be readily disassembled for enabling change of cathode materials and for cleaning cooling fluid passageways of the cathode and anode. Embodiments are described wherein at least a portion of the cathode may be in the form of a continuously moving member, such as a wire. The various constructural features enable apparatus to be provided which can create stable and uniform plasmas confined and controlled volume while operating at relatively low pressures with relatively low operating voltages.