公开(公告)号：US10444187B2

公开(公告)日：2019-10-15

申请号：US15690624

申请日：2017-08-30

Applicant: Northwestern University

Inventor： Matthew Grayson ,  Jiajun Luo

IPC: G01N27/72 ,  G01R19/08 ,  H05K1/11 ,  G01R15/20 ,  G01R31/26

Abstract: Systems and methods can provide a fast and accurate way to measure conductivity and Hall effect, such that transient conductivities, transient carrier densities or transient mobilities can be measured on millisecond time scales, for example. The systems and methods can also reduce the minimum magnetic field needed to extract carrier density or mobility of a given sample, and reduce the minimum mobility that can be measured with a given magnetic field.

公开(公告)号：US20090006015A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

申请号：US11824650

申请日：2007-06-29

Applicant: Frederick M. Mueller ,  Holger Grube ,  Geoffrey W. Brown ,  Marilyn E. Hawley ,  J. Yates Coulter

Inventor： Frederick M. Mueller ,  Holger Grube ,  Geoffrey W. Brown ,  Marilyn E. Hawley ,  J. Yates Coulter

IPC: G01R19/08 ,  G01R33/09

CPC classification number: G01R33/09 ,  G01R15/20 ,  G01R19/08

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring a current density in a conductive material. The apparatus and method use an algorithm and an extension to the Fourier transform approach that allows transport currents to be treated accurately. Due to its speed, the resulting algorithm is ideally suited for high-resolution and high-throughput magnetic imaging of superconducting tape in real time.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于测量导电材料中的电流密度的装置和方法。 该装置和方法使用允许精确处理传输电流的傅里叶变换方法的算法和扩展。 由于其速度，所得到的算法实际上适用于超导磁带的高分辨率和高吞吐量磁性成像。

公开(公告)号：US5519336A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-21

申请号：US356041

申请日：1994-12-06

Applicant: Michael S. Liu ,  Cheisan J. Yue ,  Paul S. Fechner

Inventor： Michael S. Liu ,  Cheisan J. Yue ,  Paul S. Fechner

IPC: G01R31/26 ,  G01R31/28 ,  H01L21/66 ,  G01R19/08

CPC classification number: G01R31/2831 ,  G01R31/2648 ,  H01L22/14

Abstract: A rapid method for determining electrical characteristics of SOI wafers whereby the silicon substrate acts as a gate and tungsten probes make a source and drain connection at the top silicon surface to form a point contact transistor. Drain current is measured as a function of gate voltage as gate voltage is swept from negative to positive values. The subthreshold voltage current characteristic exhibits a minimum drain current occurring close to zero gate voltage. The tungsten probe point contacts apparently are responding to both electron and hole conduction or simply intrinsic CMOS behavior. Using current voltage characteristics, estimates may be made of interface state density and oxide charge density. Analysis of the gate voltage shift for minimum drain current allows determination of threshold voltage shift due to radiation.

Abstract translation: 用于确定SOI晶片的电特性的快速方法，其中硅衬底用作栅极和钨探针，在顶部硅表面处形成源极和漏极连接，以形成点接触晶体管。 当栅极电压从负值扫描到正值时，将漏极电流作为栅极电压的函数进行测量。 亚阈值电压电流特性表现出接近零栅极电压的最小漏极电流。 钨探针点接触显然是响应于电子和空穴传导或简单的本征CMOS行为。 使用电流电压特性，可以估计接口态密度和氧化物电荷密度。 分析最小漏极电流的栅极电压偏移允许确定由于辐射导致的阈值电压偏移。

公开(公告)号：US5397990A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-14

申请号：US955064

申请日：1992-10-01

Applicant: Toshio Ohsawa

Inventor： Toshio Ohsawa

IPC: G01R19/00 ,  F02P17/12 ,  G01R19/08 ,  F02P17/00

CPC classification number: F02P17/12 ,  F02P2017/125

Abstract: In an ion current detecting device for an internal combustion engine, an ion current detecting circuit for detecting an ion current produced when the gas mixture is burnt by spark discharges between the electrodes of a spark plug operates to mask the detection signal of the ion current for predetermined periods of time in the intervals in which noise pulses are produced in association with excitation and unexcitation of ignition coil. Hence, the noise pulses are eliminated from the detection signal, whereby it can be positively determined from the presence or absence of the detection signal whether or not the gas mixture has been burnt.

Abstract translation: 在用于内燃机的离子电流检测装置中，用于检测在火花塞的电极之间通过火花放电燃烧混合气体时产生的离子电流的离子电流检测电路，用于屏蔽离子电流的检测信号， 在与点火线圈的激励和未激励相关联的产生噪声脉冲的间隔中的预定时间段。 因此，从检测信号中消除噪声脉冲，由此可以根据检测信号的存在或不存在确定气体混合物是否被燃烧。

公开(公告)号：US4619740A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-28

申请号：US713266

申请日：1985-03-18

Applicant: Detlev Nitsche ,  Rolf Rolff

Inventor： Detlev Nitsche ,  Rolf Rolff

IPC: C25D7/00 ,  C25D21/12 ,  G01R19/08 ,  H05K3/24 ,  C25D5/02

CPC classification number: H05K3/241 ,  C25D21/12 ,  G01R19/08

Abstract: A method for measuring the density of a current during an electroplating process in an electroplating bath, wherein a voltage is measured by a voltmeter, positioned outside the bath, immediately between the outer surface of the item to be electroplated and the outer surface of an isolated metallic island.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在电镀浴中的电镀工艺期间测量电流密度的方法，其中通过伏特计测量位于电镀液外部的电压，并立即在待电镀物品的外表面与隔离物的外表面之间 金属岛。

公开(公告)号：US4103227A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-25

申请号：US781474

申请日：1977-03-25

Applicant: Jay N. Zemel

Inventor： Jay N. Zemel

IPC: G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/414 ,  G01R19/08 ,  G01R27/22 ,  G01R31/26 ,  H01L29/78 ,  G01R27/02

CPC classification number: G01R31/2621 ,  G01N27/414 ,  G01R19/08 ,  G01R27/22

Abstract: Disclosed is an ion-controlled device for providing an electrical indication of a specific ion concentration in a fluid. An ion-sensitive membrane is placed over the junction of a gate controlled diode whose impedance is being measured. An external reference electrode is biased such that an inversion layer forms in the semiconductor material near the ion-sensitive membrane. Changes in the concentration of the unknown ion in fluid passing over the ion-sensitive membrane will affect the inversion layer in the gate controlled diode. The change in inversion layer will result in measurable changes in the diodes impedance.

公开(公告)号：US4055798A

公开(公告)日：1977-10-25

申请号：US662281

申请日：1976-02-27

Applicant: Giichiro Kato

Inventor： Giichiro Kato

IPC: G01R19/08 ,  G01R29/12 ,  G01W1/16 ,  G01R5/28 ,  G01R31/02

CPC classification number: G01R29/12

Abstract: A rotary electric field intensity measuring device comprising a grounded housing, an amplifier mounted within said housing and electrically connected to an external recording device, an electric motor mounted within said housing and having an output shaft, said motor being adapted to be connected to an external power source, a rotary grounded shielding conical electrode means having a rotary shaft connected to said output shaft of the motor for rotation therewith and alternating voltage inducing means and a shielded stationary conical electrode means secured to said housing within said shielding rotary electrode means in spaced relationship to the latter and having alternating voltage inducing means in cooperation with said alternating voltage inducing means of the rotary electrode means.

Abstract translation: 一种旋转电场强度测量装置，包括接地壳体，安装在所述壳体内并电连接到外部记录装置的放大器，安装在所述壳体内并具有输出轴的电动机，所述电动机适于连接到外部 电源，旋转接地屏蔽锥形电极装置，其具有连接到所述电动机的所述输出轴的旋转轴与其一起旋转的交流电压感生装置和屏蔽的固定的圆锥形电极装置，所述屏蔽固定的圆锥形电极装置以所述屏蔽旋转电极装置的间隔关系 并且具有与所述旋转电极装置的所述交流电压感应装置协作的交流电压感生装置。

公开(公告)号：US4011449A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-08

申请号：US629181

申请日：1975-11-05

Applicant: Wen-Chuang Ko ,  Erich Sawatzky

Inventor： Wen-Chuang Ko ,  Erich Sawatzky

IPC: G01R19/08 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01R31/302 ,  G01T1/29 ,  G21K5/04 ,  H01J37/04 ,  H01J37/244 ,  H01J37/317 ,  H01L21/265 ,  H01J37/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/29 ,  H01J37/244 ,  H01J37/3171 ,  H01J2237/2441 ,  H01J2237/24507

Abstract: In an ion implantation apparatus, a structure for measuring the beam current at the target wherein a Faraday Cage is formed by walls adjacent to and electrically insulated from the target in combination with the target, means for biasing the target at a negative potential, means for biasing the walls at ground potential and means for measuring the target current and the wall current and for combining the two to provide an accurate beam current measurement.

Abstract translation: 在离子注入装置中，用于测量目标处的射束电流的结构，其中法拉第笼由与目标相结合并与目标电气绝缘的壁形成，用于将目标偏压为负电位的装置， 偏压地面电位的墙壁和用于测量目标电流和壁电流的装置，并用于组合两者以提供准确的射束电流测量。

公开(公告)号：US3761185A

公开(公告)日：1973-09-25

申请号：US3761185D

申请日：1970-12-18

Applicant: TRW INC

Inventor： BLACKWELL D

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/10 ,  G01R19/08

CPC classification number: G01J1/4257

Abstract: The light output of a doubly pulsed laser is monitored by converting the two successive light pulses into corresponding electrical pulses and feeding the electrical pulses to a pair of parallel connected circuit channels. A first one of the circuit channels is conditioned to receive the first electrical pulse while a second one of the circuit channels is rendered immune to that pulse. The first electrical pulse charges a capacitor to a voltage proportional to the pulse amplitude and the voltage is displayed on a direct current voltmeter. The second circuit channel is conditioned to receive the second electrical pulse while the first circuit channel is rendered immune to that pulse. The second electrical pulse charges another capacitor to a voltage proportional to the pulse amplitude and the voltage is displayed on another meter. Both voltages are maintained for comparison with one another, after which the circuit channels may be reset to their initial condition for reception of the next set of electrical pulses.

Abstract translation: 通过将两个连续的光脉冲转换成相应的电脉冲并将电脉冲馈送到一对并联的电路通道来监测双脉冲激光器的光输出。 电路通道中的第一个被调节以接收第一电脉冲，而电路通道中的第二个电路通道被免除该脉冲。 第一个电脉冲将电容器充电到与脉冲幅度成比例的电压，并且电压显示在直流电压表上。 第二电路通道被调节为接收第二电脉冲，同时使第一电路通道免于该脉冲。 第二个电脉冲将另一个电容器充电到与脉冲幅度成比例的电压，并且电压显示在另一个仪表上。 维持两个电压以便彼此比较，之后电路通道可以被重置到其初始状态以接收下一组电脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US3566233A

公开(公告)日：1971-02-23

申请号：US3566233D

申请日：1968-10-21

Applicant: HOFFMANN LA ROCHE

Inventor： KAHN ALAN RICHARD ,  COSENTINO LOUIS CIRO

IPC: A61B5/05 ,  G01N27/04 ,  G01R19/08 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/05 ,  A61B2562/0215 ,  G01R19/08

Abstract: A technique and apparatus for measuring a quantity in a field associated with the transport of energy in a medium by introducing a transducer bearing probe to the medium, employing an external active energy source and externally adjusting the energy transport between relatively fixed transducers on the probe, and controlling said energy source by way of a new quantity in the field detected after the probe disturbance to restore the field to its nondisturbed condition enabling a precise measurement to be made.