Abstract:
A method of treating mercury-contaminated material to obtain a treated product having reduced mercury leachability includes the steps of (a) admixing the mercury-contaminated material with a reagent system comprising calcium sulfide (CaS) and trisodium phosphate (TNaP), wherein the calcium sulfide and trisodium phosphate are preferably provided at a CaS:TNaP ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, on a dry weight reagent basis, and the reagent system is preferably provided in an amount equal to 0.4% to 5% by weight of the contaminated material; and (b) adding water as needed to achieve a moisture content of at least 5% by weight of the contaminated material.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a composition capable of trapping hydrogen comprising: (a) at least one mineral compound of formula (I) below: MX(OH) (I) in which: M represents a divalent transition element; O represents an oxygen atom; X represents an atom chosen from S, Se, Te, Po; and H represents a hydrogen atom; and (b) at least one nitrate salt of formula (II) below: ZNO3 (II) in which Z is a monovalent cation. Use of these compositions either in pulverulent form for trapping gaseous hydrogen by direct interaction, or in the form of an adjuvant in a containment material for, for example, trapping hydrogen released by radiolysis in radioactive waste packages.
Abstract:
Processes for producing sodium bisulfite from sodium sulfite purge streams are disclosed which enable recovery of additional resource material including sodium bisulfite.
Abstract:
Materials to be calcined are introduced through an outer entrance into a front chamber while keeping an inner entrance closed. The outer entrance is then closed, the inner entrance is opened, and the materials are advanced into a calcining furnace through the inner entrance and are calcined therein. The calcined materials are then advanced into a rear chamber through an inner exit while an outer exit is kept closed. The inner exit then is closed, the outer exit is opened, and the calcined materials are carried out of the rear chamber through the outer exit. The calcining apparatus includes a tubular calcining furnace. A feed pipe and an exhaust pipe for reaction gases are attached to both ends of the furnace. The apparatus also includes a front chamber and a rear chamber, each having an inner entrance/exit and an outer entrance/exit. The front chamber and the rear chamber are also attached to the exhaust pipe. Finally, the calcining apparatus includes a carrier containing the materials to be calcined which is passed through the front chamber, the tubular calcining furnace, and the rear chamber, consecutively.
Abstract:
A method for making a fused compound from a metal and a non-metal and more particularly a method for making a metal sulfide is disclosed. The method is particularly advantageous in making manganese sulfide. An excess of metal and recycled compound are used to control sulfur vaporization and a portion of the product is recycled to control the reaction. Conventional equipment can be used in the method.
Abstract:
A method for hydrotreating residual oil which comprises utilizing a hydrotreating catalyst which contains a thermally stable composition comprising a layered metal oxide containing an interspathic polymeric oxide having a d-spacing of at least about 10 angstroms at hydrotreating conditions. Said conditions include temperature ranging from about 357.degree. C. to 454.degree. C. (675.degree. F. to 850.degree. F.), a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 2860 kPa (400 psig) and a liquid hourly space velocity ranging between about 0.1 and 10 hr.sup.-1.
Abstract:
Sodium polysulfide is prepared by the oxidation of sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide, and by using new procedures and systems described, the production of thiosulfate can be markedly reduced and, in some cases, eliminated. The oxidant is air, oxygen or oxygen in mixture with other gases, the reductant is aqueous sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide and the reaction is carried out with both reactants in non-flooded contact with a solid catalyst material, of which a typical example is a particulate carbon treated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The reaction is typically conducted at atmospheric pressure and without the application of heat, with the oxidant and the reductant being in interfacial contact with each other, but only, insofar as possible, at sites where both are simultaneously in contact with a catalyst which is prevented from being flooded by either the oxidant or reductant. Sodium polysulfide and sodium hydroxide are produced, and are useable in treatment of lignocellulose materials. Various arrangements, materials and processes are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A system and process in which coal is desulfurized and completely gasified utilizes a plurality of fluidized beds and the desulfurized gaseous effluent from the system is utilized as a fuel for a combined gas and steam turbine power plant, in which a portion of the pressurized air produced by the gas turbine''s compressor is utilized by the coal gasifying apparatus and the hot gases from the process are utilized to dry the coal, producing an economical power generating system which emits a minimum amount of sulfur compounds to the environment.