Abstract:
A method for producing polyphenylene ether amine includes following steps. In step (a), a hydrogenation reaction tank is provided; a guided gas stirrer is disposed in the hydrogenation reaction tank. In step (b), a reaction solution is placed in the hydrogenation reaction tank, and the reaction solution is nitro polyphenylene ether dissolved in a solvent. In step (c), a hydrogenation catalyst is added to the reaction solution. In step (d), a hydrogen gas is introduced into the hydrogenation reaction tank. In step (e), the guided gas stirrer is activated. In step (f), a hydrogenation reaction is carried out on the conditions that a reaction temperature is 50-200° C. and a reaction time is 1-20 hours, so as to hydrogenate the nitro polyphenylene ether in the reaction solution to polyphenylene ether amine. In step (g), the reaction solution is cooled down to a room temperature; the hydrogenation catalyst is removed.
Abstract:
A synthesis device may include a pressure vessel with an inlet and an outlet for fluid, a catalyst bed that is disposed within the pressure vessel, a plate heat exchanger that is disposed in a flow path of fluid between the inlet of the pressure vessel and the catalyst bed such that fluid flowing into the catalyst bed is heated by fluid flowing out of the catalyst bed. The plate heat exchanger may be disposed outside a reactor volume occupied by the catalyst bed in the pressure vessel. The catalyst bed may be one of a plurality of catalyst beds disposed axially over one another in the pressure vessel.
Abstract:
A radial-flow plate heat exchanger (5) embedded in the catalytic bed of an isothermal chemical reactor (1) has heat exchange plates (10) comprising fluid passages (13) between a first metal sheet (20) and a second metal sheet (21) joined by perimeter weld seams (23) on a first surface (A) of the plate, a feeding channel (14) and a collecting channel (15) for the heat exchange fluid are formed with suitable metal sheets which are seam welded (25) directly to the opposite surface (B) of the plate, this structure allows the manufacturing of the plate (10) with an automated seam welding process, such as laser beam welding.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic amines by hydrogenation of corresponding nitroaromatics by means of hydrogen, and also an apparatus suitable for this purpose. In particular, the invention relates to a process for preparing toluenediamine (TDA) by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene (DNT).
Abstract:
A method for preparing esters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids from esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids makes improvement to hydrogenation of esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids by using a reaction tank having a gas-introducing mixer capable of extracting and exhausting air and stirring to hydrogenate an ester of a benzene polycarboxylic acids into an ester of a cyclohexane polycarboxylic acid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst; resulted in that the method advantageously minimizes the operational pressure for hydrogenating esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids and significantly lowers the reaction temperature for hydrogenation while effectively improving the yield of esters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids made from the esters of the benzene polycarboxylic acids.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods and systems for purifying gases, such as for example semiconductor process gases. The invention more particularly relates to fluid purification methods and systems having improved heat transfer capabilities and controls such that the purified fluid produced from the process contains reduced impurity levels and/or exhibits more uniform concentrations within the final product. In another aspect of the invention, the activation time for adsorbent beds used in such processes and systems can be reduced.
Abstract:
A steam cooled chemical reactor (1) comprising a vertical vessel (2), a plate heat exchanger embedded in a catalytic bed, to cool the catalytic bed by evaporation of a cooling water flow, wherein a water inlet and a steam outlet are located underneath the heat exchanger, and the plates and related piping are arranged so that the path of the cooling flow comprises a first ascending path from bottom to top of the catalytic bed, and a second descending path from top to the bottom of catalytic bed, and wherein internal evaporation channels of the plates provide the second descending or the first ascending path, and water upcomers or respectively steam downcomers provide the other of said first and second path.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) comprising a pressure vessel (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective bottoms (3, 4), a reaction zone (9) in said pressure vessel (2) in which at least one catalytic basket (10) is positioned, and at least one heat exchange unit (13) embedded in said at least one catalytic basket (10), each heat exchange unit (13) comprising a plurality of heat exchangers (14) each having an inner chamber intended to be crossed by an operating heat exchange fluid, the reactor being characterized in that it comprises means (17, 18) for picking up samples of operating heat exchange fluid from groups (16) of pre-established exchangers in each heat exchange unit (13), so as to ascertain the possible existence of damaged exchangers (14) in said groups (16) of exchangers through analysis of respective samples of operating heat exchange fluid. The invention also concerns a method for detecting the existence of damaged heat exchangers in an isothermal reactor of the aforementioned type.
Abstract:
Improved design of a catalytic method and reactor for the production of methanol at equilibrium conditions, whereby methanol, as it is formed, is separated from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase within the reactor without reducing the catalytic activity of the methanol catalyst. This is achieved by adjusting the boiling point or temperature of a liquid cooling agent being in indirect contact with the catalyst particles and by providing a specific ratio of catalyst bed volume to cooling surface area. Thereby, condensation of methanol as it is formed in the gaseous phase takes place for the most at the cooling surface arranged evenly distributed within the reactor and if at all within a very limited region of the catalyst bed.
Abstract:
A radial-flow plate heat exchanger (5) embedded in the catalytic bed of an isothermal chemical reactor (1) has heat exchange plates (10) comprising fluid passages (13) between a first metal sheet (20) and a second metal sheet (21) joined by perimeter weld seams (23) on a first surface (A) of the plate, a feeding channel (14) and a collecting channel (15) for the heat exchange fluid are formed with suitable metal sheets which are seam welded (25) directly to the opposite surface (B) of the plate, this structure allows the manufacturing of the plate (10) with an automated seam welding process, such as laser beam welding.