Abstract:
A cooling module includes a heat exchanger, a blower, a fan shroud and an air cleaner unit for filtering air to be introduced into an engine of a vehicle. The fan shroud holds the blower on a downstream side of the heat exchanger with respect to a flow of air passing through the heat exchanger and has an air introducing portion defining an air passage from the heat exchanger to the blower. A front end of the air cleaner unit is offset from the heat exchanger with respect to a horizontal direction. A side wall of the air cleaner unit partly forms the air introducing portion. A clearance is provided between the side wall and the heat exchanger such that air upstream of the heat exchanger is conducted toward a position downstream of the heat exchanger through the clearance.
Abstract:
An anti-lock control system for motor vehicles is designed to have its computed vehicle speed modified as the motor vehicle is braked. In this invention, the computed vehicle speed persists along a reference deceleration gradient line representing a predetermined acceleration follow-up limit measured with respect to the wheel speed for a predetermined period of time from a point of time when the deceleration of the computed vehicle speed reaches the reference deceleration gradient line for the first time after the motor vehicle was braked. Thereafter, the computed vehicle speed is modified to follow a deceleration gradient line with a gradient that is gentler than that of the reference deceleration gradient line, until a threshold speed is reached, which is lower by a predetermined amount than and follows the computed vehicle speed with such a speed difference.
Abstract:
An apparatus is provided for measuring a respiration rate of a living subject, including a pulse rate measuring device which iteratively determines a pulse rate of the subject based on a pulse wave continuously produced from a peripheral portion of the subject; a systolic blood pressure measuring device which iteratively determines a systolic blood pressure of the subject based on a magnitude of a pressure pulse wave continuously produced from an arterial vessel of an extremity of the subject; a calculating device for iteratively calculating a product of two or more factors which include one of the iteratively determined pulse rates and one of the iteratively determined systolic blood pressures; and a respiration rate determining device for determining a respiration rate of the subject based on a period of a cyclic change of the iteratively calculated products. An apparatus is also provided for measuring a respiration rate of a living subject, including a pulse wave detecting device which detects a pulse wave continuously produced from the subject; a waveform evaluating device for iteratively providing an evaluated value of a waveform of the detected pulse wave; and a respiration rate determining device for determining a respiration rate of the subject based on a period of a cyclic change of the evaluated values iteratively provided by the waveform evaluating device.
Abstract:
An apparatus for detecting a pressure pulse wave produced from an arterial vessel of a living subject, including a pulse wave sensor including at least one pressure sensing element and having a press surface in which the pressure sensing element is provided, the press surface of the pulse wave sensor being adapted to be pressed against the arterial vessel of the subject via a body surface of the subject above the arterial vessel, so that the pressure sensing element detects the pressure pulse wave produced from the arterial vessel; a support member supporting the pulse wave sensor such that the pulse wave sensor is advanceable away from, and retractable toward, the support member, the support member being adapted to be worn on the subject such that the press surface of the pulse wave sensor is opposed to the body surface of the subject; and a polymer actuator provided between the support member and the pulse wave sensor, the polymer actuator producing a pressing force to press the pulse wave sensor against the arterial vessel of the subject via the body surface of the subject. The polymer actuator may be replaced by a piezoelectric actuator, a bimetal actuator, or a shape memory alloy actuator.
Abstract:
Mass flow measuring apparatus includes ionizing electrodes and an ion collecting electrode located downstream of the ionizing electrodes where the ionizing electrodes are biased with a high DC voltage produced in response to ignition pulses of an internal combustion engine. The high voltage is derived from a tap of the secondary winding of the ignition coil of the ignition circuit. The ions are allowed to migrate at the same speed with the mass fluid flow an are collected by the collecting electrode. The transit time of the ions over the distance between the ionizing electrodes and the collecting electrode is measured. The period of the high DC voltage applied across the ionizing electrodes may be controlled in accordance with the magnitude of the load of the engine and/or the transit time of the ions.
Abstract:
A feedback control system for controlling the flow rate of a gas which is either drawn from or introduced into an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine for the purpose of lessening pollutants in the exhaust gas. The control system is embodied either as an exhaust gas recirculation control system or a secondary air injection control system and in either case comprises an electrically operated flow control valve, a control circuit to provide a control signal to the control valve based on input signals representing the engine operating condition so as to establish an optimum flow rate, and an electrostatic type flow rate detector which has the ability of forming ions in the gas to provide a feedback signal on an electrical principle.
Abstract:
An air cleaner unit for an internal combustion engine includes a casing and a filter element disposed in the casing. The casing includes a first case member having a first opening and a first sealing surface on a periphery of the first opening and a second case member having a second opening and a second sealing surface on a periphery of the second opening. The first case member and the second case member are coupled such that the first and second openings are opposed in a substantially horizontal direction of a vehicle. The filter element has a peripheral portion that is interposed between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface. The first case member includes a side wall and a projection that projects from an inner surface of the side wall. The filter element is held in a substantially vertical position in the casing through the projection.
Abstract:
An air cleaner unit for an internal combustion engine includes a casing and a filter element disposed in the casing. The casing includes a first case member having a first opening and a first sealing surface on a periphery of the first opening and a second case member having a second opening and a second sealing surface on a periphery of the second opening. The first case member and the second case member are coupled such that the first and second openings are opposed in a substantially horizontal direction of a vehicle. The filter element has a peripheral portion that is interposed between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface. The first case member includes a side wall and a projection that projects from an inner surface of the side wall. The filter element is held in a substantially vertical position in the casing through the projection.
Abstract:
In an anti-skid control system for motor vehicles of the type that the drive system thereof is switchable between two-wheel drive (2WD) and four wheel drive (4WD), the design is made such that when the drive system of the motor vehicle is switched, the anti-skid control system is changed such that under 2WD condition, it operates as a three-channel system wherein the front wheels of the motor vehicle are controlled independently and the rear wheels thereof are controlled on the basis of the lower one of the rear wheel speeds, while under 4WD condition, the anti-skid control system operates as cross or X-type two channel system wherein the wheels associated with each of the two channels are controlled on the basis of the lower one of the two wheel speeds.
Abstract:
In an anti-skid control system for a motor vehicle, brake fluid pressure reduction-control mode and brake fluid pressure buildup-control mode occurs cyclically; in the reduction-control mode, reduction of the brake fluid pressure is started on the basis of detection of an abrupt drop in wheel speed which occurs when the wheel is braked; and in buildup-control mode, a valve is repetitively opened and closed so that brake fluid pressure buildup and holding operations are performed alternatley and repetitively, whereby the brake fluid pressure is caused to build up gradually. The length of time period for the first buildup operation in the buildup-control mode is determined on the basis of variation in the wheel speed occurring between a low peak point and a high peak point; and the length of time period for at least one of each pressure holding operation and each of the second and succeeding pressure buildup operations in the abovementioned buildup-control mode, is determined on the basis of variation in the wheel speed occurring immediately before the pressure holding or buildup operation is started.