摘要:
A 3,3′,4,4′-tetraalkyl cyclohexylbenzene represented by the general formula (1): in which R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be easily converted into a 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid and a 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride thereof, which are starting materials for a polyimide, via a 3,3′,4,4′-tetraalkylbiphenyl; and a method for producing the same.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a 3,3′,4,4′-tetraalkyl cyclohexylbenzene represented by the general formula (1): wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be easily converted into a 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid and a 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride thereof, which are a starting material for a polyimide, via a 3,3′,4,4′-tetraalkylbiphenyl; and a method for producing the same.
摘要:
A catalyst for alkylation contains an inorganic structural material having an ion-exchange ability and a metal ion having a valency of 2 or more. The metal ion is supported on the inorganic structural material. The inorganic structural material is preferably a zeolite. The metal ion is preferably a lanthanide metal. The catalyst for alkylation imparts industrially satisfiable activity and selectivity and can be readily separated, collected and recycled. Furthermore, the process for producing an alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compound includes reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound and a compound having an unsaturated bond in the presence of the catalyst for alkylation.
摘要:
A catalyst for alkylation contains an inorganic structural material having an ion-exchange ability and a metal ion having a valency of 2 or more. The metal ion is supported on the inorganic structural material. The inorganic structural material is preferably a zeolite. The metal ion is preferably a lanthanide metal. The catalyst for alkylation imparts industrially satisfiable activity and selectivity and can be readily separated, collected and recycled. Furthermore, the process for producing an alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compound includes reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound and a compound having an unsaturated bond in the presence of the catalyst for alkylation.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the 3,4-Dicarboalkoxybiphenyl-3′,4′-dicarboxylic acid (including the corresponding acid anhydride) represented by the general formula (1): wherein R11 and R12 each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n represents the number of waters of hydration that is 0 or 1.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the 3,4-Dicarboalkoxybiphenyl-3′,4′-dicarboxylic acid (including the corresponding acid anhydride) represented by the general formula (1): wherein R11 and R12 each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n represents the number of waters of hydration that is 0 or 1.
摘要:
An actuator control method and an actuator control device that perform energy evaluation control that compares kinetic energy of a controlled object and work that can be done by braking and switches driving to braking at a point of time at which the kinetic energy of the controlled object and the work become equal, and also repeatedly makes a comparison between the kinetic energy of the controlled object and the work at each preset time, as a new control method that replaces PID control in mechanics for effectively utilizing vehicle energy to improve vehicle fuel consumption and control methods thereof, a control result is obtained by a simpler method.
摘要:
In an actuator control method and an actuator control device, time optimal control is used, and a switching time at which an acceleration output is switched to a deceleration output, and an end time of the deceleration output are calculated using a maximum acceleration and a maximum deceleration at the time of a maximum output of a control force. A control force of an actuator is set as a maximum acceleration output from a calculation time to the switching time, the control force of the actuator is set as a maximum deceleration output from the switching time to the end time, output of the control force is ended at the end time, and the switching time and the end time are repeatedly calculated, and updated for each preset time. The control output is reduced along with decrease of residual energy, which is a sum of remaining work and kinetic energy of a control system. From this, an element of feedback control is incorporated in the time optimal control, and the control output is converged after the end of the control.
摘要:
Planetary friction gear continuously variable transmission including an input shaft; a carrier; a planetary friction gear having a tapered roller at an inclined rotating shaft; an input-side support section, formed by notching a portion of an outer periphery of a carrier bottom section, rotatably supports an input side of the shaft; a sun roller provided on a same line as the shaft; a ring roller which is rotated by contacting a roller of the gear; an output shaft spaced from the ring roller; a loading section having a rolling body which presses the ring roller and the output shaft in an axial direction when a torque differential arises; and a transmission ring which contacts the tapered roller and allows the gear to spin.
摘要:
Disclosed is a fastener stringer where at least one surface of each of the fastener elements is colored. A plurality of fine fixing spaces is disposed on at least one surface of the fastener element which is colored. Accordingly, when a slide fastener is colored through an inkjet method, ink droplets ejected to the fastener element may be received by a plurality of fixing spaces and stably fixed onto a surface of the element. Consequently, a desired pattern or color can be continuously given to a fastener tape or the fastener element, and the contour of the pattern or color can be formed clearly and neatly.