摘要:
A ferroelectric substance such as LiNbO.sub.3 that possesses a unipolarized non-linear optical effect is etched on its surface. An earth electrode is formed on one surface (the +z plane) of a ferroelectric substance. Domain reversals are created on the opposite side (the -z plane) of the substrate relative to the +z plane by irradiating electron beams onto the -z plane.
摘要:
A method for fabricating domain reversals in predetermined periods without the occurrence of localized variations in refractive index. Localized areas of a unipolarized ferroelectric material which is made of an LiNbO.sub.3 substrate, or the like, and possesses a nonlinear optical effect are exposed to electron beams in a predetermined pattern, so that domain reversals are defined. Thereafter, this ferroelectric material is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature below the Curie temperature of the ferroelectric material.
摘要:
A piston damper has a cylinder including an attachment portion; a piston reciprocatingly disposed inside the cylinder; and a rod including an attachment portion that is moved synchronously with the piston. Each of the attachment portions of the cylinder and the rod is adapted to connect to different one of a first member and a second member to damp a movement of the other member relative to one member among both the members. At least one of the attachment portion of the cylinder and the attachment portion of the rod is formed with a fitting hole, and the attachment portion is axially supported in a fitted state between the fitting hole and an axis relative to at least one of the first member and the second member, and includes an urging device absorbing looseness of the fitting hole relative to the axis.
摘要:
A powder container is provided. The powder container includes a powder storage and a conveyer. The powder storage stores a powder to be used for image formation and has a vent hole to pass air between an inside and an outside of the powder storage. The conveyer conveys the powder inside the powder storage. The vent hole is on an upper surface of the powder storage facing the conveyer.
摘要:
A cylinder body is partitioned by a partition into a first chamber that is divided from an outside by a cap body and a second chamber accommodating a piston body. A flow channel communicating the first chamber and the second chamber with each other is formed in the partition, and a shaft is projected from the partition onto the first chamber side. The cap body includes a through-hole, the shaft is inserted movably in the through-hole from a reference position along an axis line direction of the cylinder body. There is provided a throttle structure that changes a gap between the through-hole and the shaft when the cap body moves from the reference position by a pressure change generated by a movement or a relative movement of the piston body.
摘要:
A piston damper has a cylinder including an attachment portion; a piston reciprocatingly disposed inside the cylinder; and a rod including an attachment portion that is moved synchronously with the piston. Each of the attachment portions of the cylinder and the rod is adapted to connect to different one of a first member and a second member to damp a movement of the other member relative to one member among both the members. At least one of the attachment portion of the cylinder and the attachment portion of the rod is formed with a fitting hole, and the attachment portion is axially supported in a fitted state between the fitting hole and an axis relative to at least one of the first member and the second member, and includes an urging device absorbing looseness of the fitting hole relative to the axis.
摘要:
In a rotary damper device and a sun visor attaching apparatus using the same, a damping force works in one way. The rotary damper device includes a case, a rotor and a viscous fluid. The rotor is rotatably held in the case and connected to a shaft. The viscous fluid is sealed in the case. The rotor includes a rotary vane, a through-hole passing through the vane, and a valve. The rotary vane is used to agitate the viscous fluid. The valve opens the through-hole when the shaft is rotated in one direction and closes the through-hole when the shaft is rotated in the other direction.
摘要:
Disclosed is a non-linear optical material represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents a methyl group or a hydrogen atom, with the proviso that when X is a methyl group, A represents a nitrogen atom, Y represents a methyl group and B represents a nitrogen atom; and when X is a hydrogen atom , A represents C--COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, Y represents a hydrogen atom and B represents C--CH.sub.3.In one embodiment, the non-linear optical material is represented by the following formula (I): ##STR2## In another embodiment, the non-linear optical material is represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## Also disclosed is an orthorhomic molecular crystal having a space group of Pna2.sub.1 and constituted by molecules represented by the above formula (I).
摘要:
An optical wavelength converting device is incorporated in a region inside of a resonator of a semiconductor laser, and a wavelength of a laser beam, which has been produced by the semiconductor laser and which serves as a fundamental wave, is converted by the optical wavelength converting device. A photodetector detects an intensity of the laser beam, which serves as the fundamental wave. A control circuit controls a drive current for the semiconductor laser such that the intensity of the laser beam, which intensity is indicated by an output of the photodetector, may converge to a value corresponding to a phase matching wavelength of the laser beam. The wavelength of the fundamental wave is thereby prevented from fluctuating, and a high wavelength conversion efficiency is obtained.
摘要:
An optical wavelength converter device comprises a cladding and a waveguide disposed in the cladding. The waveguide is made of an organic nonlinear optical material such as PRA which has a first refractive index with respect to the wavelength of the wavelength-converted wave and a second refractive index with respect to the wavelength of the fundamental wave, the first refractive index being lower than the second refractive index. Alternatively, the first and second refractive indexes are substantially the same as each other, and the cladding is made of a material which has a third refractive index with respect to the wavelength of the wavelength-converted wave and a fourth refractive index with respect to the wavelength of the fundamental wave, the third refractive index being substantially the same as the fourth refractive index. The effective refractive index with respect to the fundamental wave which is guided in a zero-order mode and the effective refractive index with respect to the wavelength-converted wave which is guided in the zero-order mode are equal to each other.