公开(公告)号：US20080206860A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-28

申请号：US10567338

申请日：2004-08-03

申请人： William Armstrong ,  Jean Armstrong

发明人： William Armstrong ,  Jean Armstrong

IPC分类号： C12N5/06 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C12N1/20 ,  C12N5/04 ,  C12N1/00 ,  C12M1/00

CPC分类号： C12M29/04 ,  A01G7/02 ,  C12M23/24 ,  C12M29/14

摘要： A vessel includes a gas reservoir. The vessel also includes at least one gas outlet. The gas outlet includes an integral gas permeable membrane. A culture system includes the vessel as a first vessel. The first vessel is coupled to a second vessel that includes or otherwise contains a cell, a plant, an animal or the like.

摘要翻译： 船舶包括气藏。 该容器还包括至少一个气体出口。 气体出口包括整体透气膜。 文化系统包括作为第一艘船的船只。 第一容器耦合到包括或以其他方式包含细胞，植物，动物等的第二容器。

公开(公告)号：US08306435B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-06

申请号：US12527112

申请日：2008-02-15

申请人： Jean Armstrong ,  Arthur Lowery

发明人： Jean Armstrong ,  Arthur Lowery

IPC分类号： H04B10/158

CPC分类号： H04B10/67

摘要： A receiver for recovering transmitted information carried by a received optical signal that has been affected by dispersion includes an optical splitter having an input port arranged to receive the received optical signal, and a plurality of output ports. A proportion of optical power at the input port is transmitted to each of the output ports. A plurality of optical detectors is operably connected to respective output ports of the optical splitter, for generating a corresponding plurality of electrical signals. Optical phase shifters are disposed between the output ports of the optical splitter and respective optical detectors. As a result, each optical phase shifter applies a frequency dependent phase shift to an optical signal passing therethrough. An electronic processor includes analog and/or digital electronic components configured to combine two or more of the plurality of electrical signals, or information recovered separately therefrom, in order to provide improved accuracy or reliability of information recovery as compared with detecting and processing only the received optical signal. The receiver is advantageously able to mitigate the effects of frequency-dependent fading which may occur in intensity modulation/direct detection optical transmission systems due to dispersion in optical transmission paths.

摘要翻译： 用于恢复由受色散影响的接收光信号承载的发送信息的接收机包括具有布置成接收所接收的光信号的输入端口的光分路器和多个输出端口。 输入端口的光功率的比例被发送到每个输出端口。 多个光学检测器可操作地连接到光分路器的相应输出端口，用于产生相应的多个电信号。 光移相器设置在光分路器的输出端口和相应的光检测器之间。 结果，每个光学移相器对通过其的光信号施加频率相关相移。 电子处理器包括被配置为组合多个电信号中的两个或更多个或从其单独回收的信息的模拟和/或数字电子部件，以便与仅检测和处理所接收的信号相比，提供信息恢复的改进的准确性或可靠性 光信号。 接收机有利地能够减轻由于光传输路径中的色散而在强度调制/直接检测光传输系统中可能发生的频率依赖衰落的影响。

公开(公告)号：US08111993B2

公开(公告)日：2012-02-07

申请号：US12089571

申请日：2006-10-12

申请人： Arthur James Lowery ,  Jean Armstrong

发明人： Arthur James Lowery ,  Jean Armstrong

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04J1/00

CPC分类号： H04N7/22 ,  H04B10/2513 ,  H04B10/5165 ,  H04B10/541 ,  H04B10/548 ,  H04B10/556 ,  H04B10/5561 ,  H04B10/5563 ,  H04B10/6971

摘要： A system (100) for transmitting digital information includes a transmitting apparatus (102) for generating an optical signal bearing digital information, a dispersive optical channel (104), and a receiving apparatus (110) for receiving the optical signal. The dispersive optical channel (104) is disposed to convey the optical signal from the transmitting apparatus (102) to the receiving apparatus (110). The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder (114) for encoding digital information into a series of blocks, each including a plurality of data symbols corresponding with one or more bits of digital information. A signal generator (118) generates a time-varying signal corresponding with each of said blocks. An optical transmitter (136) is arranged to apply the time-varying signal to an optical source (138) to produce an optical signal which includes an optical carrier and substantially only a single information bearing optical sideband in an optical frequency domain, the sideband corresponding with the time-varying signal. The receiving apparatus (110) includes an optical detector (146) for detecting the optical signal to produce a corresponding received time-varying electrical signal. The receiver further includes means (166) for generating a series of received data blocks from the time-varying electrical signal. An equalizer (168) performs an equalization of received data symbols included in each data block to mitigate the effect of dispersion of the optical channel, thereby enabling the transmitted data symbols to be recovered.

摘要翻译： 用于发送数字信息的系统（100）包括用于产生承载数字信息的光信号的发射装置（102），分散光信道（104）和用于接收光信号的接收装置（110）。 色散光通道（104）被布置成将来自发送装置（102）的光信号传送到接收装置（110）。 发送装置包括用于将数字信息编码成一系列块的编码器（114），每个块包括与数字信息的一个或多个比特相对应的多个数据符号。 信号发生器（118）产生与每个所述块对应的时变信号。 光发射器（136）被布置成将时变信号施加到光源（138）以产生包括光载波的光信号，并且基本上仅在光频域中具有单个信息承载光边带，所述边带对应 具有时变信号。 接收装置（110）包括用于检测光信号以产生相应的接收到的时变电信号的光检测器（146）。 接收机还包括用于从时变电信号产生一系列接收数据块的装置（166）。 均衡器（168）执行包括在每个数据块中的接收数据符号的均衡以减轻光信道的色散的影响，从而使得能够恢复发送的数据符号。

公开(公告)号：US20100142951A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-10

申请号：US12527112

申请日：2008-02-15

申请人： Jean Armstrong ,  Arthur Lowery

发明人： Jean Armstrong ,  Arthur Lowery

IPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/67

摘要： A receiver for recovering transmitted information carried by a received optical signal that has been affected by dispersion includes an optical splitter having an input port arranged to receive the received optical signal, and a plurality of output ports. A proportion of optical power at the input port is transmitted to each of the output ports. A plurality of optical detectors is operably connected to respective output ports of the optical splitter, for generating a corresponding plurality of electrical signals. Optical phase shifters are disposed between the output ports of the optical splitter and respective optical detectors. As a result, each optical phase shifter applies a frequency dependent phase shift to an optical signal passing therethrough. An electronic processor includes analog and/or digital electronic components configured to combine two or more of the plurality of electrical signals, or information recovered separately therefrom, in order to provide improved accuracy or reliability of information recovery as compared with detecting and processing only the received optical signal. The receiver is advantageously able to mitigate the effects of frequency-dependent fading which may occur in intensity modulation/direct detection optical transmission systems due to dispersion in optical transmission paths.

摘要翻译： 用于恢复由受色散影响的接收光信号承载的发送信息的接收机包括具有布置成接收所接收的光信号的输入端口的光分路器和多个输出端口。 输入端口的光功率的比例被发送到每个输出端口。 多个光学检测器可操作地连接到光分路器的相应输出端口，用于产生相应的多个电信号。 光移相器设置在光分路器的输出端口和相应的光检测器之间。 结果，每个光学移相器对通过其的光信号施加频率相关相移。 电子处理器包括被配置为组合多个电信号中的两个或更多个或从其单独回收的信息的模拟和/或数字电子部件，以便与仅检测和处理所接收的信号相比，提供信息恢复的改进的准确性或可靠性 光信号。 接收机有利地能够减轻由于光传输路径中的色散而在强度调制/直接检测光传输系统中可能发生的频率依赖衰落的影响。

公开(公告)号：US07835454B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-16

申请号：US10951319

申请日：2004-09-27

申请人： Jean Armstrong ,  Simon W. Brewer

发明人： Jean Armstrong ,  Simon W. Brewer

IPC分类号： H04L27/28

CPC分类号： H04L27/2624 ,  G06F17/142 ,  H04L27/263 ,  H04L27/265

摘要： The invention provides a new approach which is better suited to FFT design as applied to multicarrier modulation systems such as OFDM. The signals are scaled so that overflow, rather than being completely avoided, occurs with low probability throughout the IFFT and FFT structures. The size of the error that results from an overflow depends on how overflow is handled in the DSP. To minimize the degradation, overflow should result in saturation of the value at the maximum positive or negative value option. This is equivalent to clipping the signal. Using the new technique, signals within the FFT structure are scaled to balance the effect of clipping and round-off. Clipping may result in comparatively large errors in a few signal values but because of the spreading effect of the FFT and because OFDM systems typically include error coding/correction, system performance depends on the total error or, in other words the total noise power, across all of the FFT outputs rather than on any individual value.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种更适合于应用于诸如OFDM的多载波调制系统的FFT设计的新方法。 信号被缩放，使得在整个IFFT和FFT结构中以低概率发生溢出而不是完全避免。 由溢出引起的错误大小取决于DSP中溢出的处理方式。 为了最小化降级，溢出应导致最大正值或负值选项的值饱和。 这相当于削波信号。 使用新技术，FFT结构中的信号被缩放以平衡削波和舍入的效果。 剪切可能导致几个信号值中的相对较大的误差，但是由于FFT的扩展效应，并且由于OFDM系统通常包括错误编码/校正，所以系统性能取决于总错误，换句话说，总噪声功率 所有的FFT输出，而不是任何个别的值。

公开(公告)号：US20100034542A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-11

申请号：US12445348

申请日：2008-01-29

申请人： Jean Armstrong

发明人： Jean Armstrong

IPC分类号： H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04L27/28

CPC分类号： H04B10/5053 ,  H04B10/50593 ,  H04B10/548 ,  H04B10/58

摘要： Methods and apparatus (100) for composing, generating and transmitting information-bearing optical signals are provided. An information-bearing electrical signal is composed (108) having desirable spectral properties, preferably configured to ensure that undesired interference between electrical spectral components generated in a square-law direct detection process (120) at a corresponding optical receiver (104) is substantially avoided. Predistortion (110) is advantageously applied to transmitted signals, in order to account for a nonlinear relationship arising in a modulation process (114) between electrical signal amplitude and corresponding optical field amplitude. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques may be applied to composed signals having the desired characteristics, and additionally may facilitate the application of frequency domain equalisation (128) in order to mitigate transmission impairments, including dispersion. Improvements in received signal quality, and/or transmission distance, may thereby be achieved, along with simplification of receiver configuration and operation.

摘要翻译： 提供了构成，生成和发送信息载体光信号的方法和装置（100）。 包含信息的电信号（108）具有期望的频谱特性，优选地被配置为确保基本上避免了在对应的光接收器（104）处的平方律直接检测过程（120）中产生的电谱分量之间的不期望的干扰 。 预失真（110）有利地应用于发射信号，以便考虑在电信号幅度和对应的光场振幅之间的调制过程（114）中产生的非线性关系。 正交频分复用（OFDM）技术可以应用于具有期望特性的合成信号，并且另外可以促进频域均衡（128）的应用，以便减轻包括色散的传输损伤。 从而可以实现接收信号质量和/或传输距离的改善，同时简化接收机配置和操作。

公开(公告)号：US20090169213A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US12089571

申请日：2006-10-12

申请人： Arthur James Lowery ,  Jean Armstrong

发明人： Arthur James Lowery ,  Jean Armstrong

IPC分类号： H04J14/08

CPC分类号： H04N7/22 ,  H04B10/2513 ,  H04B10/5165 ,  H04B10/541 ,  H04B10/548 ,  H04B10/556 ,  H04B10/5561 ,  H04B10/5563 ,  H04B10/6971

摘要： A system (100) for transmitting digital information includes a transmitting apparatus (102) for generating an optical signal bearing digital information, a dispersive optical channel (104), and a receiving apparatus (110) for receiving the optical signal. The dispersive optical channel (104) is disposed to convey the optical signal from the transmitting apparatus (102) to the receiving apparatus (110). The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder (114) for encoding digital information into a series of blocks, each including a plurality of data symbols corresponding with one or more bits of digital information. A signal generator (118) generates a time-varying signal corresponding with each of said blocks. An optical transmitter (136) is arranged to apply the time-varying signal to an optical source (138) to produce an optical signal which includes an optical carrier and substantially only a single information bearing optical sideband in an optical frequency domain, the sideband corresponding with the time-varying signal. The receiving apparatus (110) includes an optical detector (146) for detecting the optical signal to produce a corresponding received time-varying electrical signal. The receiver further includes means (166) for generating a series of received data blocks from the time-varying electrical signal. An equaliser (168) performs an equalisation of received data symbols included in each data block to mitigate the effect of dispersion of the optical channel, thereby enabling the transmitted data symbols to be recovered.

摘要翻译： 用于发送数字信息的系统（100）包括用于产生承载数字信息的光信号的发射装置（102），分散光信道（104）和用于接收光信号的接收装置（110）。 色散光通道（104）被布置成将来自发送装置（102）的光信号传送到接收装置（110）。 发送装置包括用于将数字信息编码成一系列块的编码器（114），每个块包括与数字信息的一个或多个比特相对应的多个数据符号。 信号发生器（118）产生与每个所述块对应的时变信号。 光发射器（136）被布置成将时变信号施加到光源（138）以产生包括光载波的光信号，并且基本上仅在光频域中具有单个信息承载光边带，所述边带对应 具有时变信号。 接收装置（110）包括用于检测光信号以产生相应的接收到的时变电信号的光检测器（146）。 接收机还包括用于从时变电信号产生一系列接收数据块的装置（166）。 均衡器（168）执行包括在每个数据块中的接收数据符号的均衡以减轻光信道的色散的影响，从而使得能够恢复发送的数据符号。

公开(公告)号：US4636478A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-13

申请号：US631048

申请日：1984-07-16

申请人： Gary R. Siebert ,  Jean Armstrong

发明人： Gary R. Siebert ,  Jean Armstrong

IPC分类号： C07K16/26 ,  C12P21/08 ,  G01N33/577 ,  G01N33/543

CPC分类号： C07K16/26 ,  Y10S436/804 ,  Y10S436/811 ,  Y10S436/817 ,  Y10S436/822 ,  Y10S436/823

摘要： Monoclonal antibodies specific for thyroxine (T.sub.4) are produced by two new and separate hybridoma cell lines. Combinations of the monoclonal antibodies from the two cell lines are used in an immunoassay for T.sub.4 of high accuracy over the range of T.sub.4 concentrations encountered in serum samples.

摘要翻译： 特异于甲状腺素（T4）的单克隆抗体由两个新的和分离的杂交瘤细胞系产生。 来自两种细胞系的单克隆抗体的组合用于在血清样品中遇到的T4浓度范围内的高精度的T4的免疫测定中。

公开(公告)号：US08107827B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-31

申请号：US12518365

申请日：2009-02-20

申请人： Brendon James Schmidt ,  Arthur James Lowery ,  Jean Armstrong

发明人： Brendon James Schmidt ,  Arthur James Lowery ,  Jean Armstrong

IPC分类号： H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04B10/64 ,  H04B10/61 ,  H04B10/614 ,  H04B10/6151

摘要： An apparatus and method are provided for receiving an optical signal having an optical carrier component and at least one information-bearing optical sideband. In general, an optical filter arrangement (110) is used to separate the optical carrier component from the information-bearing optical sideband. First and second optical splitters (126, 128) divide the optical power in the optical carrier and the optical sideband, respectively, into corresponding sub-components. The sub-components of the optical carrier have substantially orthogonal polarisation states, which is an optional characteristic of the sideband sub-components. First and second optical coupling devices (142, 144) respectively each combine one of the optical carrier sub-components with a corresponding one of the optical sideband sub-components. Optical detectors (158, 160) detect the outputs of the combiners (142, 144). The arrangement is able to achieve a number of the benefits of coherent optical heterodyne receivers, particularly when used in combination with advanced coding and modulation methods, while avoiding the need, and associated complexity, of providing an optical oscillator at the receiver.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于接收具有光学载体部件和至少一个信息承载光学边带的光信号的装置和方法。 通常，滤光器装置（110）用于将光学载体部件与信息载体光学边带分离。 第一和第二光分路器（126,128）将光载波和光边带中的光功率分别分成对应的子组件。 光载波的子部件具有基本正交的极化状态，这是边带子部件的可选特性。 第一和第二光耦合器件（142,144）分别各自组合光载波子部件中的一个与光学边带子部件中的对应的一个。 光检测器（158,160）检测组合器（142,144）的输出。 该装置能够实现相干光外差接收器的许多优点，特别是当与高级编码和调制方法组合使用时，同时避免了在接收机处提供光学振荡器的需要和相关复杂性。

公开(公告)号：US08107826B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-31

申请号：US12065193

申请日：2006-09-01

申请人： Jean Armstrong ,  Arthur James Lowery

发明人： Jean Armstrong ,  Arthur James Lowery

IPC分类号： H04B10/12 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/25133 ,  H04B10/548

摘要： A method of communicating digital information over a dispersive optical channel includes encoding the digital information into a plurality of data blocks, each of which includes a number of bits of the information. A time-varying electrical signal is generated which corresponds with each of said data blocks. The time-varying electrical signal is applied to an optical transmitter (122) to generate an optical signal which includes an asymmetrically amplitude limited transmitted signal modulated onto an optical carrier. The optical signal is then transmitted over the dispersive optical channel (106). At a receiving apparatus (104) the optical signal is detected to produce an electrical signal which corresponds with the asymmetrically amplitude limited transmitted signal. A frequency domain equalization of the electrical signal mitigates the effect of dispersion of the optical channel (106) on the transmitted optical signal, and the equalized signal is decoded to recover the encoded data blocks and the corresponding transmitted digital information. The method enables bipolar signals to be transmitted over a dispersive unipolar optical channel, and reduces or eliminates the need to apply a high optical bias level at the transmitter, thereby improving optical power efficiency and enabling output power levels to be maintained below applicable safe levels, while simultaneously enabling the effects of channel dispersion to be substantially mitigated.

摘要翻译： 通过色散光通道传送数字信息的方法包括将数字信息编码成多个数据块，每个数据块包括信息的数位。 产生与每个所述数据块相对应的时变电信号。 时变电信号被施加到光发射器（122）以产生包括调制到光载波上的非对称振幅受限传输信号的光信号。 光信号然后通过色散光通道（106）传输。 在接收设备（104）处，检测光信号以产生对应于不对称振幅受限传输信号的电信号。 电信号的频域均衡减轻了光信道（106）对传输的光信号的色散的影响，并对均衡信号进行解码以恢复编码的数据块和对应的传输的数字信息。 该方法使得双极性信号能够通过分散单极光通道传输，并且减少或消除了在发射机处施加高的光学偏置电平的需要，从而提高光功率效率并使输出功率电平保持在适用的安全水平以下， 同时使得能够显着减轻通道色散的影响。