公开(公告)号：USRE29141E

公开(公告)日：1977-02-22

申请号：US637232

申请日：1975-12-03

Applicant: Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N15/14

CPC classification number: G01N15/1404

Abstract: A flow chamber which is particularly useful in slit-scan photometry and which has a predetermined configuration for orienting generally flat oval particles such as squamous cells in the direction of fluid flow such that the maximum cross-sectional area of each particle is substantially normal to a light path traversing the flow of particles at an observing station situated along the flow path of the particles.

公开(公告)号：US4009435A

公开(公告)日：1977-02-22

申请号：US620658

申请日：1975-10-08

Applicant: Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N1/28 ,  G01N15/10 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01N33/16 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/12 ,  G01N15/1459 ,  G01N2001/282 ,  G01N2015/1081 ,  G01N2015/1481 ,  G01N2015/149 ,  G01N2035/1034

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying particles such as cells in a liquid suspension includes a particle scanning device containing a suspension of the particles. The suspension moves in a stream through a sensing zone in the device, which, for example, may be a Coulter type particle detector, and out of the sensing device to a waste receptacle. As each particle in the suspension passes through the sensing zone, it will produce a particle pulse whose measurements represent at least one physical characteristic of the particle. A particle collecting substrate is positioned adjacent the stream departing the scanning device. A counting device, coupled to the scanning device and the substrate, operates only in response to the particle pulse for each sensed particle selected to develop a particular count signal and to direct the stream and the selected particle therein to a particular location on the substrate corresponding to the particular counting signal. A memory operates in response to the particle pulse to store the particle pulse measurements and count signal therein so that the particle locations on the substrate and measurements representing particle characteristics are correlated. The entire sequence of operation is inhibited during start up and stabilization of the apparatus operation, and during and after each particle selection. This ensures that the particle sensed and no other particle is deflected to the location and that the measurements of the particle characteristics at a substrate location and the counting signal for that substrate location are properly correlated and stored.

Abstract translation: 用于鉴定液体悬浮液中诸如细胞的颗粒的装置包括含有颗粒悬浮液的颗粒扫描装置。 悬浮液通过装置中的感测区域流动，其例如可以是库尔特型粒子检测器，并且从感测装置移动到废物容器。 当悬浮液中的每个颗粒通过感测区域时，其将产生粒子脉冲，其测量表示颗粒的至少一个物理特性。 颗粒收集基板位于离开扫描装置的流体附近。 耦合到扫描装置和基板的计数装置仅响应于被选择用于形成特定计数信号的每个感测颗粒的粒子脉冲，并且将流和其中的选定颗粒引导到基板上的特定位置对应 到特定的计数信号。 存储器响应于粒子脉冲操作以将粒子脉冲测量和计数信号存储在其中，使得衬底上的粒子位置和表示粒子特性的测量相关。 在装置操作的启动和稳定期间以及每个颗粒选择期间和之后，整个操作顺序被抑制。 这确保了颗粒感测并且没有其他颗粒被偏转到位置，并且衬底位置处的颗粒特性的测量和该衬底位置的计数信号被适当地相关联并被存储。

公开(公告)号：US3955436A

公开(公告)日：1976-05-11

申请号：US557066

申请日：1975-03-10

Applicant: Howard E. Tucker ,  James A. Corll ,  Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Howard E. Tucker ,  James A. Corll ,  Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N35/10 ,  G01N1/00 ,  G01N1/10 ,  G01N1/14 ,  G01N1/20

CPC classification number: G01N1/10 ,  G01N2001/1445 ,  G01N2001/2071

Abstract: Liquid sampling apparatus including a sampling head incorporating a floating pressure seal effected by a positive pressure introduced into an open top sample container in which the sampling head is telescopically introduced. The liquid sampling apparatus includes a compartment having at least an entrance, a cover slidable within said compartment and the sliding cover carrying the sampling head. The sliding cover has a depending shield capable of closing off the entrance to the compartment when the assembly head is therein introduced.The floating pressure seal is defined by a mounting ring seated in a suitable passageway formed in the cover. The mounting ring has a central aperture and a plunger is slidable within said aperture, one end of the plunger being threaded and having an adjusting ring threadably engaged thereupon for limiting the extent of free movement of the plunger relative to the mounting ring. The other end of the plunger has an enlarged head or piston. The mounting ring and the plunger have facing tapered surfaces defining a groove and an expandable O-ring is seated therewithin. A pair of parallel conduits are provided passing through the plunger and piston. One of the conduits is coupled to a source of positive pressure and the other leads to a destination for the withdrawn sample. The open top sample container is coupled to the sample head and both are introduced into the compartment. A positive pressure is introduced to the sample container which first forces the piston upwards to expand the O-ring establishing a pressure-type seal between it and the inner wall of the vessel. The positive pressure is increased to force liquid from the container.

Abstract translation: 液体取样装置包括一个包含浮动压力密封件的采样头，该压力密封是通过引入到顶部样品容器中的正压力进行的，其中采样头可伸缩地被引入。 液体取样装置包括具有至少入口的隔间，可在所述隔间内滑动的盖和承载取样头的滑盖。 当其中引入组装头时，滑动盖具有能够关闭隔室的入口的悬垂屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US3944797A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-16

申请号：US495230

申请日：1974-08-06

Applicant: Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N15/10 ,  G01N15/02 ,  G06G7/12

CPC classification number: G01N15/0205

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the correct particle sizes at predetermined percentiles of the size distribution of a particulate system having a known size distribution characteristic such as for example a normal or log-normal size distribution, wherein a portion of the particles are too small to be measured. The particulate system is first passed through a particle detecting device which can be of the Coulter type. The particle detecting device produces particle pulses proportional to the size of the particles in the particulate system which can be measured. At least three percentile size determining circuits receive the particle pulses and develop first, second and third particle size signals respectively, indicating the size of the particles in the particulate system at the first, second and third predetermined percentiles. Two of the size signals are combined in a particular manner based on the known size distribution characteristic for the type of particulate system to yield a combined signal which approximates or is and estimate of the third percentile signal. The combined signal is compared with the measured third signal to obtain an error signal. The error signal is used in turn to add into all three size percentile circuits compensation or correction signals for the total volume of particules too small to be included in the measurements. This process causes the error signal to decrease toward zero, and results in all three circuits having outputs truly representative of their nominal percentiles.

Abstract translation: 用于确定具有已知尺寸分布特性例如正常或对数正态尺寸分布的颗粒系统的尺寸分布的预定百分位数的正确粒度的装置，其中一部分颗粒太小而不能测量 。 颗粒系统首先通过可以是库尔特型的颗粒检测装置。 粒子检测装置产生与可以测量的颗粒系统中的颗粒尺寸成比例的粒子脉冲。 至少三个百分位数确定电路分别接收粒子脉冲并分别显示出第一，第二和第三粒度信号，表明在第一，第二和第三预定百分位数处的颗粒系统中颗粒的大小。 两个尺寸信号基于已知的颗粒系统类型的尺寸分布特性以特定的方式组合，以产生近似或估计第三百分位数信号的组合信号。 将组合信号与测量的第三信号进行比较以获得误差信号。 误差信号依次用于将所有三个百分位数的电路补偿补偿或校正信号，使得总体积的微粒太小而不能包含在测量中。 该过程导致误差信号向零降低，并且导致所有三个电路具有真正代表其标称百分位数的输出。

公开(公告)号：US3940691A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-24

申请号：US443428

申请日：1974-02-19

Applicant: Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227 ,  G01N15/12

Abstract: A particle analyzer of the Coulter type has at least one sensing zone arrangement for generating a first train of particle pulses having a first number of particle pulses in response to passage through the sensing zone of a sample containing a plurality of particles to be counted. Generating circuitry is provided for generating a second train of particle pulses having a second number of particle pulses based upon a second sample containing a plurality of particles, or a hypothetical second sample. The second sample has a specific relationship to the first sample defined by one of either the first and second sample volume ratios, the first and second sample dilution ratio and the sensing zone volume ratio. Circuitry coupled to the first sensing zone arrangement and the generating circuitry is operative to mathematically change the first number of particle pulses and mathematically change the second number of particle pulses in the first and second trains of pulses respectively, and is further operative to combine the changed number of first and second pulses in accordance with a particular mathematical formula for providing an error corrected particle pulse count.

Abstract translation: 库尔特型粒子分析仪具有至少一个感测区域布置，用于产生具有第一数量的粒子脉冲的第一列粒子脉冲，以响应于通过包含要计数的多个粒子的样品的感测区域。 生成电路被提供用于产生具有第二数量的粒子脉冲的第二列粒子脉冲，所述第二粒子脉冲基于包含多个粒子的第二样品或假想的第二样品。 第二样品与第一和第二样品体积比率，第一和第二样品稀释比率和感测区域体积比之一定义的第一样品具有特定关系。 耦合到第一感测区域布置和发生电路的电路可操作以数学地改变第一数量的粒子脉冲并且数学地改变第一和第二列脉冲中的第二数量的粒子脉冲，并且还可操作以组合改变的 根据用于提供误差校正的粒子脉冲计数的特定数学公式的第一和第二脉冲数。

公开(公告)号：US4438390A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-20

申请号：US246755

申请日：1981-03-23

Applicant: Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227 ,  G01N15/1218 ,  G01N15/1245

Abstract: A tandem arrangement of sensing zones is established by alternately arranged electrodes and dielectric plates, each sensing zone has a particle sensing aperture, through which microscopic particles in an electrolyte suspension pass and electric current flows. The apertures are aligned. This tandem sensing zone arrangement improves the signal-to-noise ratio of a particle analyzing apparatus in which it is employed.

Abstract translation: 通过交替布置的电极和电介质板建立感测区的串联布置，每个感测区具有粒子感测孔，电解质悬浮液中的微小颗粒通过该孔传播并且电流流动。 孔对齐。 该串联感测区域布置改善了使用它的粒子分析装置的信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US4273443A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-16

申请号：US93311

申请日：1979-11-21

Applicant: Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01N15/14 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G02B27/12

CPC classification number: G01N15/1436 ,  G01N15/1459 ,  G01N2021/052

Abstract: Measurement of the energy and direction of radiation, typically scattered light, produced by particles passing through an optical sensing zone is improved in focusing of the scattered light and flexibility in the choice of focal length for positioning of photoresponsive devices.The improvement is obtained by collimating the collected scattered light entering a deviating device, typically a fresnel prism, and then focusing the emerging separate, independent beams for measurement.Collimation can be obtained using optical elements including lens systems or reflective systems such as those employing parabolic reflection.

Abstract translation: 在通过光学感测区域的颗粒产生的辐射的能量和方向（通常是散射光）的测量在聚焦散射光和柔性以选择用于定位光响应装置的焦距方面得到改善。 通过准直进入偏离装置（通常是菲涅尔棱镜）的收集的散射光，然后聚焦出现的独立的独立光束以进行测量，来获得改进。 可以使用包括透镜系统或诸如使用抛物面反射的反射系统的光学元件来获得准直。

公开(公告)号：US4009443A

公开(公告)日：1977-02-22

申请号：US564722

申请日：1975-04-03

Applicant: Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Millard D. Longman, Jr. ,  Stephen Campbell ,  Edward Neal Doty

Inventor： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Millard D. Longman, Jr. ,  Stephen Campbell ,  Edward Neal Doty

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  H03K21/02 ,  H03K5/20 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: H03K21/02 ,  G01N15/1227

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correcting a particle pulse count subject to coincidence error is disclosed wherein particle pulses, developed in response to passage of particles in a particulate system through a sensing zone, are counted for a predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is increased or extended in response to each pulse counted by a time increment that is related to a characteristic of the counted pulse, such as the pulse width, duration, or amplitude. The total additional time period allows the counting of additional particle pulses such that the total count at the end of the extended time period is an error corrected count for the number of particles detected in the predetermined time period.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于校正受到重合误差的粒子脉冲计数的方法和装置，其中响应于颗粒系统中的颗粒通过感测区域而产生的颗粒脉冲被计数预定时间段。 响应于与计数脉冲的特性（例如脉冲宽度，持续时间或幅度）相关的时间增量计数的每个脉冲，预定时间段被增加或延长。 总的附加时间段允许对附加粒子脉冲进行计数，使得延长时间段结束时的总计数是在预定时间段内检测到的粒子数目的误差校正计数。

公开(公告)号：US3987391A

公开(公告)日：1976-10-19

申请号：US528645

申请日：1974-12-02

Applicant: Walter R. Hogg

Inventor： Walter R. Hogg

IPC: G01F17/00 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: In an apparatus which develops output signal data, a portion of a liquid containing particles is caused to flow through a sensing zone. Ideally the particles go through one at a time. Each particle sensed generates a particle signal having an amplitude proportional to the size or volume of the particle. The particle signal is utilized for producing the output signal data. The output signal data is a measure of the total volume of particulate matter in a quantity of liquid containing particles and is subject to error due to the occasional simultaneous presence of particles in the sensing zone which is termed coincidence.An error correction signal is also developed by the apparatus which varies in accordance with the repetition rate of particles passing through the sensing zone. The error correction signal is employed to correct the output signal data which is subject to error due to particle coincidence.

Abstract translation: 在产生输出信号数据的装置中，使含有颗粒的液体的一部分流过感测区。 理想情况下，粒子一次一个通过。 感测的每个粒子产生具有与粒子的大小或体积成比例的振幅的粒子信号。 粒子信号用于产生输出信号数据。 输出信号数据是一定量的含有颗粒的液体的颗粒物质的总体积的量度，并且由于在感测区域中偶然地同时存在被称为重合的区域，因此会出现误差。

公开(公告)号：US3936741A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-03

申请号：US485160

申请日：1974-07-02

Applicant: Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Edward Neal Doty ,  Millard D. Longman ,  Stephen Campbell

Inventor： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Edward Neal Doty ,  Millard D. Longman ,  Stephen Campbell

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  H03K21/02 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H03K5/20

CPC classification number: H03K21/02 ,  G01N15/1227

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correcting a particle pulse count subject to coincidence error is disclosed wherein particle pulses, developed in response to passage of particles in a particulate system through a sensing zone, are counted for a predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is increased or extended in response to each pulse counted by a time increment that is a function of a characteristic of the counted pulse, such as the pulse width, duration, or amplitude. The total additional time period allows the counting of additional particle pulses such that the total count at the end of the extended time period is an error corrected count for the number of particles detected in the predetermined time period.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于校正受到重合误差的粒子脉冲计数的方法和装置，其中响应于颗粒系统中的颗粒通过感测区域而产生的颗粒脉冲被计数预定时间段。 响应于作为脉冲宽度，持续时间或幅度等计数脉冲的特性的函数的时间增量而计数的每个脉冲，预定时间段被增加或延长。 总的附加时间段允许对附加粒子脉冲进行计数，使得延长时间段结束时的总计数是在预定时间段内检测到的粒子数目的误差校正计数。