METHOD OF FORMING A VOID, CHANNEL, AND/OR VASCULAR NETWORK IN A POLYMERIC MATRIX

    公开(公告)号:US20200283594A1

    公开(公告)日:2020-09-10

    申请号:US16809769

    申请日:2020-03-05

    IPC分类号: C08J9/26 C08G61/02

    摘要: A method of forming a void, channel and/or vascular network in a polymeric matrix comprises providing a pre-vascularized structure that includes a matrix material and a sacrificial material embedded in the matrix material in a predetermined pattern, where the matrix material comprises a monomer and the sacrificial material comprises a polymer. A region of the matrix material is activated to initiate an exothermic polymerization reaction and generate a self-propagating polymerization front. As the polymerization front propagates through the matrix material and polymerizes the monomer, heat from the exothermic reaction simultaneously degrades the sacrificial material into a gas-phase and/or liquid-phase byproduct. Thus, one or more voids or channels having the predetermined pattern are rapidly formed in the matrix material.

    REDOX ACTIVE POLYMERS AND COLLOIDAL PARTICLES FOR FLOW BATTERIES
    4.
    发明申请
    REDOX ACTIVE POLYMERS AND COLLOIDAL PARTICLES FOR FLOW BATTERIES 有权
    用于流动电池的REDOX活性聚合物和胶体颗粒

    公开(公告)号:US20160208030A1

    公开(公告)日:2016-07-21

    申请号:US15000910

    申请日:2016-01-19

    摘要: The invention provides a redox flow battery comprising a microporous or nanoporous size-exclusion membrane, wherein one cell of the battery contains a redox-active polymer dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent or a redox-active colloidal particle dispersed in the non-aqueous solvent. The redox flow battery provides enhanced ionic conductivity across the electrolyte separator and reduced redox-active species crossover, thereby improving the performance and enabling widespread utilization. Redox active poly(vinylbenzyl ethylviologen) (RAPs) and redox active colloidal particles (RACs) were prepared and were found to be highly effective redox species. Controlled potential bulk electrolysis indicates that 94-99% of the nominal charge on different RAPs is accessible and the electrolysis products are stable upon cycling. The high concentration attainable (>2.0 M) for RAPs in common non-aqueous battery solvents, their electrochemical and chemical reversibility, and their hindered transport across porous separators make them attractive materials for non-aqueous redox flow batteries based on size-selectivity.

    摘要翻译: 本发明提供一种包含微孔或纳米孔尺寸排阻膜的氧化还原液流电池,其中电池的一个电池含有溶解在非水溶剂中的氧化还原活性聚合物或分散在非水溶剂中的氧化还原活性胶体颗粒 。 氧化还原液流电池在电解质分离器上提供了增强的离子电导率,并且减少了氧化还原活性物质的交叉,从而提高了性能并使其得到广泛的应用。 制备了氧化还原活性聚(乙烯基苄基乙基紫精)(RAP)和氧化还原活性胶体颗粒(RAC),发现它们是高效的氧化还原物质。 受控潜在体积电解表明,不同RAP上的额定电荷的94-99%是可接近的,并且电解产物在循环时是稳定的。 通常的非水电解质溶剂中RAP的高浓度(> 2.0M),它们的电化学和化学可逆性以及它们在多孔分离器上的阻碍传输,使得它们基于尺寸选择性而成为非水氧化还原液流电池的有吸引力的材料。

    METHOD OF SPONTANEOUSLY PATTERNING A POLYMER DURING FRONTAL POLYMERIZATION

    公开(公告)号:US20240026068A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-01-25

    申请号:US18265141

    申请日:2021-12-06

    IPC分类号: C08G61/08

    摘要: A method of spontaneously patterning a polymer during frontal polymerization includes activating an initiation region of a monomer solution to reaction to initiate a polymerization reaction. A polymerization front is generated and propagates through the monomer solution in a radial or longitudinal direction away from the initiation region. The monomer solution is spontaneously heated downstream of the polymerization front by thermal transport away from the polymerization reaction. Once a localized region of the monomer solution reaches a temperature sufficient for spontaneous initiation of another polymerization reaction, a new polymerization front is generated and propagates through the monomer solution in a circumferential or transverse direction. The spontaneous heating of the monomer solution downstream of the polymerization front and the initiation of another polymerization reaction occurs cyclically, producing multiple new polymerization fronts and spatial variations in reaction temperature across the monomer solution. Once polymerization is complete, a spontaneously patterned polymer is formed.