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    Manganese dioxide positive electrode for rechargeable cells, and cells containing the same
    1.
    发明授权
    Manganese dioxide positive electrode for rechargeable cells, and cells containing the same 失效
    二氧化锰正极用于可再充电电池，并含有相同的电池

    公开(公告)号：US5300371A

    公开(公告)日：1994-04-05

    申请号：US49405

    申请日：1993-04-20

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    IPC分类号： H01M2/02 ,  H01M2/08 ,  H01M2/16 ,  H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/24 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/75 ,  H01M10/24 ,  H01M10/26 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M10/52 ,  H01M2/18

    CPC分类号： H01M4/622 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/24 ,  H01M10/283 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M10/52 ,  H01M2/16 ,  H01M4/24 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/623 ,  H01M4/625 ,  H01M4/626 ,  H01M2/1666 ,  H01M2004/024 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/043 ,  H01M4/0473 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/75

    摘要： This invention teaches rechargeable manganese dioxide cells having alkaline electrolytes, zinc negative electrodes and manganese dioxide positive electrodes. In keeping with the present invention, the positive electrode is essentially unconstrained--that is, no cage is used in the cell to confine the positive electrode. During discharge of a rechargeable alkaline cell, the positive electrode may be inclined to swell, and during the charge cycle it may be inclined to contract or reduce its dimensions. However, the positive electrode is dimensioned so as to substantially fill the entire space allotted for it within the cell, while allowing for a slight accommodation for height-wise or longitudinal expansion or growth in bobbin cells. The positive electrode may include additives such as carbon or graphite to increase its electrical conductivity; hydrophobic agents such as PTFE, polyethylene or polypropylene to enhance the hydrogen permeability of the positive electrode and thereby lead to increased hydrogen recombination rates; and similar hydrophobic agents as well as hydrophillic additives to serve as lubricants and to reduce tool wear during manufacturing processes. Also, the discharge capacity of the negative electrode may be established so as to be in the range of from about 60% to about 120% of the theoretical one electron discharge capacity of the positive MnO.sub.2 electrode.

    摘要翻译： 本发明教导了具有碱性电解质，锌负极和二氧化锰正极的可再充电二氧化锰电池。 根据本发明，正电极基本上是不受约束的，也就是说，在电池中不使用笼来限制正电极。 在可充电碱性电池的放电期间，正极可能倾向于膨胀，并且在充电循环期间，其可能倾向于收缩或减小其尺寸。 然而，正电极的尺寸被设计成基本上填充在电池内为其分配的整个空间，同时允许在线轴电池中高度方向或纵向膨胀或生长的轻微调节。 正极可以包括添加剂如碳或石墨以增加其导电性; 疏水剂如PTFE，聚乙烯或聚丙烯，以提高正极的透氢性，从而导致氢复合率的提高; 和类似的疏水剂以及亲水性添加剂用作润滑剂并减少制造过程中的工具磨损。 此外，负极的放电容量可以建立在正极MnO2电极的理论电子放电容量的约60％至约120％的范围内。

    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same
    2.
    发明授权
    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same 失效
    用于可再充电碱性电池的二氧化锰阴极，以及含有它的电池

    公开(公告)号：US5346783A

    公开(公告)日：1994-09-13

    申请号：US42786

    申请日：1993-04-06

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/75 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M2/18

    CPC分类号： H01M4/134 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/283 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/622 ,  H01M4/623 ,  H01M4/626 ,  H01M2004/024 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M4/0473 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/625 ,  H01M4/75

    摘要： This invention relates to rechargeable manganese dioxide cells (usually alkaline cells with zinc anodes or cells having non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium anodes), and particularly to the cathodes therefore. In keeping with the present invention, the cathodes are essentially unconstrained--that is, no cage is used in the cell between the cathodes and the anodes. The cathode is restricted from significantly changing its dimensions during discharge of the cell, when it is inclined to swell--as opposed to the tendency of the cathode to contract during a charge cycle. The cathode substantially fills the entire space allotted for it within the cell, with a light accommodation for height-wise or longitudinal expansion or growth of the cathode of bobbin-type cells, or crosswise expansion or growth of button-type cells. There may be additives in the cathode mix, including particularly conductive fibres of graphite or other conductive materials; and other materials may also be added to the cathode mix, including metallic additives. Methods of manufacture are also provided by the present invention, including compaction and recompaction of the cathode pellet, and a range of compaction pressures is suggested. Cells in keeping with the present invention are capable of exhibiting high current drain rates, and long cycle life.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及可再充电的二氧化锰电池（通常是具有锌阳极的碱性电池或具有非水电解质和锂阳极的电池），特别涉及阴极。 根据本发明，阴极基本上是不受约束的，即阴极和阳极之间的电池中不使用笼。 与阴极在充电循环期间收缩的趋势相反，阴极被限制在电池放电期间显着改变其尺寸，当它倾向于膨胀时。 阴极基本上填充在电池内为其分配的整个空间，具有用于线轴型电池的阴极的高度或纵向膨胀或生长的轻调节，或按钮型电池的横向膨胀或生长。 在阴极混合物中可能存在添加剂，特别是包括石墨或其它导电材料的导电纤维; 并且还可以将其它材料加入到阴极混合物中，包括金属添加剂。 制造方法也由本发明提供，包括阴极颗粒的压实和再压缩，并且提出了一系列压实压力。 符合本发明的电池能够表现出高的电流流失速率和较长的循环寿命。

    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same
    3.
    发明授权
    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same 失效
    用于可再充电碱性电池的二氧化锰阴极，以及含有它的电池

    公开(公告)号：US5336571A

    公开(公告)日：1994-08-09

    申请号：US42789

    申请日：1993-04-06

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/75 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M2/18

    CPC分类号： H01M4/134 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/283 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/622 ,  H01M4/623 ,  H01M4/626 ,  H01M2004/024 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M4/0473 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/625 ,  H01M4/75

    摘要： This invention relates to rechargeable manganese dioxide cells (usually alkaline cells with zinc anodes or cells having non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium anodes), and particularly to the cathodes therefore. In keeping with the present invention, the cathodes are essentially unconstrained--that is, no cage is used in the cell between the cathodes and the anodes. The cathode is restricted from significantly changing its dimensions during discharge of the cell, when it is inclined to swell--as opposed to the tendency of the cathode to contract during a charge cycle. The cathode substantially fills the entire space allotted for it within the cell, with a light accommodation for height-wise or longitudinal expansion or growth of the cathode of bobbin-type cells, or cross-wise expansion or growth of button-type cells. There may be additives in the cathode mix, including particularly conductive fibres of graphite or other conductive materials; and other materials may also be added to the cathode mix, including metallic additives. Methods of manufacture are also provided by the present invention, including compaction and recompaction of the cathode pellet, and a range of compaction pressures is suggested. Cells in keeping with the present invention are capable of exhibiting high current drain rates, and long cycle life.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及可再充电的二氧化锰电池（通常是具有锌阳极的碱性电池或具有非水电解质和锂阳极的电池），特别涉及阴极。 根据本发明，阴极基本上是不受约束的，即阴极和阳极之间的电池中不使用笼。 与阴极在充电循环期间收缩的趋势相反，阴极被限制在电池放电期间显着改变其尺寸，当它倾向于膨胀时。 阴极基本上填充了在电池内为其分配的整个空间，其具有用于线轴型电池的阴极的高度或纵向膨胀或生长的轻型调节，或按钮式电池的横向膨胀或增长。 在阴极混合物中可能存在添加剂，特别是包括石墨或其它导电材料的导电纤维; 并且还可以将其它材料加入到阴极混合物中，包括金属添加剂。 制造方法也由本发明提供，包括阴极颗粒的压实和再压缩，并且提出了一系列压实压力。 符合本发明的电池能够表现出高的电流流失速率和较长的循环寿命。

    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same
    4.
    发明授权
    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same 失效
    用于可再充电碱性电池的二氧化锰阴极，以及含有它的电池

    公开(公告)号：US5108852A

    公开(公告)日：1992-04-28

    申请号：US497908

    申请日：1990-03-23

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/75 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/36

    CPC分类号： H01M4/134 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/283 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/622 ,  H01M4/623 ,  H01M4/626 ,  H01M2004/024 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M4/0473 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/625 ,  H01M4/75

    摘要： This invention relates to rechargeable manganese dioxide cells (usually alkaline cells with zinc anodes or cells having non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium anodes), and particularly to the cathodes therefor. In keeping with the present invention, the cathodes are essentially unconstrained--that is, no cage is used in the cell between the cathodes and the anodes. The cathode is restricted from significantly changing its dimensions during discharge of the cell, when it is inclined to swell--as opposed to the tendency of the cathode to contract during a charge cycle. The cathode substantially fills the entire space alloted for it within the cell, with a slight accommodation for height-wise or longitudinal expansion or growth of the cathode of bobbin-type cells, or cross-wise expansion or growth of button-type cells. There may be additives in the cathode mix, including particularly conductive fibres of graphite or other conductive materials; and other materials may also be added to the cathode mix, including metallic additives. Methods of manufacture are also provided by the present invention, including compaction and recompaction of the cathode pellet, and a range of compaction pressure is suggested. Cells in keeping with the present invention are capable of exhibiting high current drain rates, and long cycle life.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及可充电二氧化锰电池（通常为具有锌阳极的碱性电池或具有非水电解质和锂阳极的电池），特别涉及其阴极。 根据本发明，阴极基本上是不受约束的，即阴极和阳极之间的电池中不使用笼。 与阴极在充电循环期间收缩的趋势相反，阴极被限制在电池放电期间显着改变其尺寸，当它倾向于膨胀时。 阴极基本上填充在电池内为其分配的整个空间，轻微调节线轴型电池的阴极的高度或纵向膨胀或生长，或按钮式电池的交叉方向的膨胀或生长。 在阴极混合物中可能存在添加剂，特别是包括石墨或其它导电材料的导电纤维; 并且还可以将其它材料加入到阴极混合物中，包括金属添加剂。 制造方法也由本发明提供，包括阴极颗粒的压实和再压缩，并且提出了压缩压力的范围。 符合本发明的电池能够表现出高的电流流失速率和较长的循环寿命。

    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same
    5.
    发明授权
    Manganese dioxide cathode for a rechargeable alkaline cell, and cell containing the same 失效
    用于可再充电碱性电池的二氧化锰阴极，以及含有它的电池

    公开(公告)号：US5204195A

    公开(公告)日：1993-04-20

    申请号：US824208

    申请日：1992-01-22

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Christopher Michalowski

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/75 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/36

    CPC分类号： H01M4/134 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/283 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/622 ,  H01M4/623 ,  H01M4/626 ,  H01M2004/024 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M4/0473 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/625 ,  H01M4/75

    摘要： This invention relates to rechargeable manganese dioxide cells (usually alkaline cells with zinc anodes or cells having non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium anodes), and particularly to the cathodes therefor. In keeping with the present invention, the cathodes are essentially unconstrained--that is, no cage is used in the cell between the cathodes and the anodes. The cathode is restricted from significantly changing its dimensions during discharge of the cell, when it is inclined to swell--as opposed to the tendency of the cathode to contract during a charge cycle. The cathode substantially fills the entire space alloted for it within the cell, with a slight accommodation for height-wise or longitudinal expansion or growth of the cathode of bobbin-type cells, or cross-wise expansion or growth of button-type cells. There may be additives in the cathode mix, including particularly conductive fibres of graphite or other conductive materials; and other materials may also be added to the cathode mix, including metallic additives. Methods of manufacture are also provided by the present invention, including compaction and recompaction of the cathode pellet, and a range of compaction pressures is suggested. Cells in keeping with the present invention are capable of exhibiting high current drain rates, and long cycle life.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及可充电二氧化锰电池（通常为具有锌阳极的碱性电池或具有非水电解质和锂阳极的电池），特别涉及其阴极。 根据本发明，阴极基本上是不受约束的，即阴极和阳极之间的电池中不使用笼。 与阴极在充电循环期间收缩的趋势相反，阴极被限制在电池放电期间显着改变其尺寸，当它倾向于膨胀时。 阴极基本上填充在电池内为其分配的整个空间，轻微调节线轴型电池的阴极的高度或纵向膨胀或生长，或按钮式电池的交叉方向的膨胀或生长。 在阴极混合物中可能存在添加剂，特别是包括石墨或其它导电材料的导电纤维; 并且还可以将其它材料加入到阴极混合物中，包括金属添加剂。 制造方法也由本发明提供，包括阴极颗粒的压实和再压缩，并且提出了一系列压实压力。 符合本发明的电池能够表现出高的电流流失速率和较长的循环寿命。

    FLOW-THROUGH CONSUMABLE ANODES
    7.
    发明申请
    FLOW-THROUGH CONSUMABLE ANODES 有权
    流通消耗阳极

    公开(公告)号：US20130112563A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-05-09

    申请号：US13289470

    申请日：2011-11-04

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Diana Facchini ,  Francisco Gonzalez ,  Jonathan McCrea ,  John Kratochwil ,  Dan Woloshyn ,  Yusuf Bismilla ,  Nandakumar Nagarajan ,  Mioara Neacsu

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Diana Facchini ,  Francisco Gonzalez ,  Jonathan McCrea ,  John Kratochwil ,  Dan Woloshyn ,  Yusuf Bismilla ,  Nandakumar Nagarajan ,  Mioara Neacsu

    IPC分类号： C25D17/10 ,  C25D21/18

    CPC分类号： C25D5/06 ,  C25D1/00 ,  C25D5/08 ,  C25D5/18 ,  C25D17/14

    摘要： Anode applicators include consumable anodes, that can be operated in a non-stationary mode and are insensitive to orientation, are used in selective plating/brush electrodeposition of coatings or free-standing components. The flow-through dimensionally-stable, consumable anodes employed are perforated/porous to provide relatively unimpeded electrolyte flow and operate at low enough electrochemical potentials to provide for anodic metal/alloy dissolution avoiding undesired anodic reactions. The consumable anodes include consumable anode material(s) in high surface area to reduce the local anodic current density. During electroplating, sufficient electrolyte is pumped through the consumable anodes at sufficient flow rates to minimize concentration gradient and/or avoid the generation of chlorine and/or oxygen gas and/or undesired reaction such as the anodic oxidation of P-bearing ions in the electrolyte. The active consumable anode material(s) can have a microstructure which is fine-grained and/or amorphous to ensure a uniform anodic dissolution.

    摘要翻译： 阳极施加器包括可以以非固定模式操作且对取向不敏感的消耗性阳极用于涂层或独立部件的选择性电镀/刷电沉积。 使用的流通尺寸稳定的消耗性阳极是穿孔/多孔的，以提供相对无阻碍的电解质流动并且在足够低的电化学电势下操作以提供阳极金属/合金溶解以避免不期望的阳极反应。 消耗性阳极包括高表面积的消耗性阳极材料，以减少局部阳极电流密度。 在电镀过程中，足够的电解液以足够的流速被泵入消耗性阳极以最小化浓度梯度和/或避免产生氯和/或氧气和/或不期望的反应，例如电解质中含P离子的阳极氧化 。 活性消耗性阳极材料可以具有细晶粒和/或无定形的微结构，以确保均匀的阳极溶解。

    Composite Current Collector for Aqueous Electrochemical Cell for aqueous electrochemical cell
    8.
    发明申请
    Composite Current Collector for Aqueous Electrochemical Cell for aqueous electrochemical cell 有权
    用于水电化学电池的水电化学电池的复合集电极

    公开(公告)号：US20120202116A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

    申请号：US13451586

    申请日：2012-04-20

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger

    IPC分类号： H01M4/64 ,  H01M4/66 ,  H01M4/70

    CPC分类号： H01M4/667 ,  H01M4/14 ,  H01M4/244 ,  H01M4/661 ,  H01M4/662 ,  H01M4/72 ,  H01M4/74 ,  H01M4/742 ,  H01M4/765 ,  H01M4/78 ,  H01M4/808 ,  H01M6/06 ,  H01M10/06 ,  H01M10/24 ,  H01M2200/103

    摘要： Composite current collectors containing coatings of metals, alloys or compounds, selected from the group of Zn, Cd, Hg, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi and Se on non-metallic, non-conductive or poorly-conductive substrates are disclosed. The composite current collectors can be used in electrochemical cells particularly sealed cells requiring a long storage life. Selected metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are applied to polymer or ceramic substrates by vacuum deposition techniques, extrusion, conductive paints (dispersed as particles in a suitable paint), electroless deposition, cementation; or after suitable metallization by galvanic means (electrodeposition or electrophoresis). Metal compound coatings are reduced to their respective metals by chemical or galvanic means. The current collectors described are particular suitable for use in sealed primary or rechargeable galvanic cells containing mercury-fee and lead-free alkaline zinc electrodes.

    摘要翻译： 包含金属，合金或化合物的复合集流体，其选自Zn，Cd，Hg，Ga，In，Tl，Sn，Pb，As，Sb，Bi和Se，非金属，不导电或不良 导电基底。 复合集电器可用于电化学电池，特别是需要长存储寿命的密封电池。 选择的金属，金属合金或金属化合物通过真空沉积技术，挤出，导电涂料（分散为合适涂料中的颗粒），无电沉积，胶结剂等应用于聚合物或陶瓷基材; 或通过电化学方法（电沉积或电泳）合适的金属化之后。 金属化合物涂层通过化学或电流方法还原成各自的金属。 所描述的集电器特别适用于含有汞和无铅碱性锌电极的密封初级或可充电电池。

    Composite Current Collector for Electrochemical Cell
    9.
    发明申请
    Composite Current Collector for Electrochemical Cell 有权
    电化学电池用复合集电极

    公开(公告)号：US20110223470A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-09-15

    申请号：US13099390

    申请日：2011-05-03

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger

    IPC分类号： H01M4/66 ,  H01M4/56 ,  H01M4/42 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M2/02 ,  H01M10/08

    CPC分类号： H01M4/667 ,  H01M4/14 ,  H01M4/244 ,  H01M4/661 ,  H01M4/662 ,  H01M4/72 ,  H01M4/74 ,  H01M4/742 ,  H01M4/765 ,  H01M4/78 ,  H01M4/808 ,  H01M6/06 ,  H01M10/06 ,  H01M10/24 ,  H01M2200/103

    摘要： Composite current collectors containing coatings of metals, alloys or compounds, selected from the group of Zn, Cd, Hg, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi and Se on non-metallic, non-conductive or poorly-conductive substrates are disclosed. The composite current collectors can be used in electrochemical cells particularly sealed cells requiring a long storage life. Selected metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are applied to polymer or ceramic substrates by vacuum deposition techniques, extrusion, conductive paints (dispersed as particles in a suitable paint), electroless deposition, cementation; or after suitable metallization by galvanic means (electrodeposition or electrophoresis). Metal compound coatings are reduced to their respective metals by chemical or galvanic means. The current collectors described are particular suitable for use in sealed primary or rechargeable galvanic cells containing mercury-free and lead-free alkaline zinc electrodes.

    摘要翻译： 包含金属，合金或化合物的复合集流体，其选自Zn，Cd，Hg，Ga，In，Tl，Sn，Pb，As，Sb，Bi和Se，非金属，不导电或不良 导电基底。 复合集电器可用于电化学电池，特别是需要长存储寿命的密封电池。 选择的金属，金属合金或金属化合物通过真空沉积技术，挤出，导电涂料（分散为合适涂料中的颗粒），无电沉积，胶结剂等应用于聚合物或陶瓷基材; 或通过电化学方法（电沉积或电泳）合适的金属化之后。 金属化合物涂层通过化学或电流方法还原成各自的金属。 所描述的集电器特别适用于含有无汞和无铅碱性锌电极的密封初级或可充电电池。