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    Circuit protection arrangements using ground fault interrupter for overcurrent and overvoltage protection
    1.
    发明授权
    Circuit protection arrangements using ground fault interrupter for overcurrent and overvoltage protection 失效
    使用接地故障断路器进行过流保护和过电压保护的电路保护装置

    公开(公告)号：US5745322A

    公开(公告)日：1998-04-28

    申请号：US563321

    申请日：1995-11-28

    Applicant: Hugh Duffy ,  Justin Chiang ,  John Midgley ,  Brian Thomas

    Inventor： Hugh Duffy ,  Justin Chiang ,  John Midgley ,  Brian Thomas

    IPC: H02H3/16 ,  H02H3/10 ,  H02H3/33 ,  H02H3/38

    CPC classification number: H02H3/334 ,  H02H3/105

    Abstract: An electrical protection system which uses a ground fault interrupter (GFI) to protect a circuit from (A) ground faults and (B) overcurrents and/or overvoltages. For overcurrent protection, a control element may be coupled in series with the line or return input to the GFI, and a bypass element may be coupled in parallel with the control element and the GFI. In case of an overcurrent, the control element causes current to be diverted through the bypass element, thereby creating a current imbalance in the GFI circuitry causing the GFI to open the circuit. For overvoltage protection, a bypass element (e.g. a varistor) may be coupled between, e.g., the line sense input of the GFI and the return sense input of the GFI. In case of an overvoltage, the bypass element conducts current, thereby creating a current imbalance in the GFI circuitry causing the GFI to open the circuit.

    Abstract translation: 一种使用接地故障中断器（GFI）来保护电路免受（A）接地故障和（B）过电流和/或过电压的电气保护系统。 对于过电流保护，控制元件可以与GFI的线路或返回输入串联耦合，并且旁路元件可以与控制元件和GFI并联耦合。 在过电流的情况下，控制元件使电流通过旁路元件转移，从而在GFI电路中产生电流不平衡，导致GFI打开电路。 对于过电压保护，旁路元件（例如变阻器）可以耦合在例如GFI的线路感测输入和GFI的返回检测输入之间。 在过压的情况下，旁路元件导通电流，从而在GFI电路中产生电流不平衡，导致GFI打开电路。

    Overcurrent protection circuits comprising combinations of PTC devices and switches
    2.
    发明授权
    Overcurrent protection circuits comprising combinations of PTC devices and switches 失效
    包括PTC器件和开关组合的过电流保护电路

    公开(公告)号：US5864458A

    公开(公告)日：1999-01-26

    申请号：US564465

    申请日：1995-11-29

    Applicant: Hugh Duffy ,  Justin Chiang ,  John Midgley

    Inventor： Hugh Duffy ,  Justin Chiang ,  John Midgley

    IPC: H02H3/08 ,  C11D11/00 ,  C11D17/06 ,  H02H3/02 ,  H02H3/33 ,  H02H9/02 ,  H02H3/00

    CPC classification number: H02H3/025 ,  C11D11/0082 ,  C11D17/06 ,  H02H9/026 ,  H02H3/085 ,  H02H3/334

    Abstract: Electrical circuit protection arrangements with PTC devices and mechanical switches. The combinations of this invention permit the use of mechanical switches and PTC devices to switch voltages and currents in normal circuit operations, wherein the voltage and/or current ratings of the mechanical switches and PTC devices are much less than the normal operating voltages and currents of the circuits. This feature permits the use of smaller and less expensive mechanical switches and PTC device than would otherwise be required in such circuits. The arrangements of switches and PTC devices also permit the PTC devices to limit the magnitude of the fault current passed to the circuit.

    Abstract translation: 带PTC器件和机械开关的电路保护装置。 本发明的组合允许使用机械开关和PTC装置在正常电路操作中切换电压和电流，其中机械开关和PTC装置的电压和/或电流额定值远低于正常工作电压和 电路。 该特征允许使用比在这样的电路中要求的更小和更便宜的机械开关和PTC装置。 开关和PTC器件的布置也允许PTC器件限制传递到电路的故障电流的大小。

    Frequency-selective circuit protection arrangements
    3.
    发明授权
    Frequency-selective circuit protection arrangements 失效
    频率选择电路保护装置

    公开(公告)号：US06437955B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

    申请号：US09536905

    申请日：2000-03-28

    Applicant: Hugh Duffy ,  John Midgley ,  Brian Thomas

    Inventor： Hugh Duffy ,  John Midgley ,  Brian Thomas

    IPC: H02H316

    CPC classification number: H02H3/025 ,  H02H3/085 ,  H02H3/334 ,  H02H9/026

    Abstract: A conventional ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is modified to provide frequency-selective current protection. A control element is connected in series with the line path (or return path) of the GFCI, and a bypass element is connected in parallel with the combination of the control element and the line path (or return path) of the GFCI. Under normal conditions, little or no current flows through the bypass element. However, frequency response characteristics of the control and/or bypass elements are such that a frequency-selective component of the current (i.e. high-pass, low-pass or band-pass) is diverted through the bypass element. When the magnitude of the frequency-selective component reaches a predetermined value, the bypass current flow causes sensing of a resulting current imbalance and tripping of the GFCI.

    Abstract translation: 传统的接地故障电路断续器（GFCI）被修改以提供频率选择电流保护。 控制元件与GFCI的线路（或返回路径）串联连接，并且旁路元件与控制元件和GFCI的线路径（或返回路径）的组合并联连接。 在正常条件下，很少或没有电流流经旁路元件。 然而，控制和/或旁路元件的频率响应特性使得电流（即，高通，低通或带通）的频率选择分量被转移通过旁路元件。 当频率选择分量的幅度达到预定值时，旁路电流将导致感测到的电流不平衡和GFCI的跳闸。

    Optical Devices Including Resonant Cavity Structures
    4.
    发明申请
    Optical Devices Including Resonant Cavity Structures 有权
    包括谐振腔结构的光学器件

    公开(公告)号：US20100316331A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-16

    申请号：US12708507

    申请日：2010-02-18

    Applicant: John Kenney ,  Jian Jim Wang ,  William Matthew Pfenninger ,  Nemanja Vockic ,  John Midgley

    Inventor： John Kenney ,  Jian Jim Wang ,  William Matthew Pfenninger ,  Nemanja Vockic ,  John Midgley

    IPC: G02B6/26 ,  H01J1/63

    CPC classification number: C09K11/665 ,  C09K11/613 ,  C09K11/7705 ,  C09K11/7773 ,  H01S3/0627 ,  H01S3/0632 ,  H01S3/06716 ,  H01S3/0672 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06741 ,  H01S3/169

    Abstract: Described herein are optical devices including resonant cavity structures. In one embodiment, an optical fiber includes: (1) an elongated core including an outer surface; (2) an inner reflector disposed adjacent to the outer surface of the core and extending substantially along a length of the core; (3) an outer reflector spaced apart from the inner reflector and extending substantially along the length of the core; and (4) an emission layer disposed between the outer reflector and the inner reflector and extending substantially along the length of the core, the emission layer configured to emit radiation that is guided within the optical fiber.

    Abstract translation: 这里描述的是包括谐振腔结构的光学器件。 在一个实施例中，光纤包括：（1）包括外表面的细长芯; （2）内部反射器，其布置成与所述芯的外表面相邻并且基本上沿所述芯的长度延伸; （3）与所述内反射器间隔开并且基本上沿所述芯的长度延伸的外反射器; 和（4）发射层，其布置在所述外部反射器和所述内部反射器之间并且基本上沿着所述芯的长度延伸，所述发射层被配置为发射在所述光纤内引导的辐射。

    Solar modules with enhanced efficiencies via use of spectral concentrators
    5.
    发明授权
    Solar modules with enhanced efficiencies via use of spectral concentrators 有权
    通过使用光谱集中器提高效率的太阳能电池组件

    公开(公告)号：US08664513B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-04

    申请号：US12248747

    申请日：2008-10-09

    Applicant: William Matthew Pfenninger ,  John Midgley ,  Nemanja Vockic ,  John Kenney

    Inventor： William Matthew Pfenninger ,  John Midgley ,  Nemanja Vockic ,  John Kenney

    IPC: H02N6/00 ,  H01L31/042

    CPC classification number: H01L31/056 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/0549 ,  H01L31/055 ,  Y02E10/52

    Abstract: Described herein are solar modules including spectral concentrators. In one embodiment, a solar module includes an active layer including a set of photovoltaic cells. The solar module also includes a spectral concentrator optically coupled to the active layer and including a luminescent material that exhibits photoluminescence in response to incident solar radiation. The photoluminescence has: (a) a quantum efficiency of at least 30 percent; (b) a spectral width no greater than 100 nm at Full Width at Half Maximum; and (c) a peak emission wavelength in the near infrared range.

    Abstract translation: 这里描述的是包括光谱聚光器的太阳能模块。 在一个实施例中，太阳能模块包括包括一组光伏电池的有源层。 太阳能模块还包括光学耦合到有源层并且响应于入射的太阳辐射显示光致发光的发光材料的光谱聚光器。 光致发光具有：（a）至少30％的量子效率; （b）半宽度全宽下的光谱宽度不大于100nm; 和（c）近红外范围的峰值发射波长。

    SOLAR MODULES WITH ENHANCED EFFICIENCIES VIA USE OF SPECTRAL CONCENTRATORS
    6.
    发明申请
    SOLAR MODULES WITH ENHANCED EFFICIENCIES VIA USE OF SPECTRAL CONCENTRATORS 审中-公开
    通过使用光谱浓度的增强效率的太阳能模块

    公开(公告)号：US20090056791A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-03-05

    申请号：US12144548

    申请日：2008-06-23

    Applicant: William Matthew PFENNINGER ,  John Midgley ,  Nemanja Vockic ,  John Kenney ,  Jian Jim Wang

    Inventor： William Matthew PFENNINGER ,  John Midgley ,  Nemanja Vockic ,  John Kenney ,  Jian Jim Wang

    IPC: H01L31/042

    CPC classification number: H01L31/055 ,  Y02E10/52

    Abstract: Described herein are solar modules including spectral concentrators. In one embodiment, a solar module includes a set of photovoltaic cells and a spectral concentrator optically coupled to the set of photovoltaic cells. The spectral concentrator is configured to: (1) collect incident solar radiation; (2) convert the incident solar radiation into substantially monochromatic, emitted radiation; and (3) convey the substantially monochromatic, emitted radiation to the set of photovoltaic cells.

    Abstract translation: 这里描述的是包括光谱聚光器的太阳能模块。 在一个实施例中，太阳能模块包括一组光伏电池和光学耦合到该组光伏电池的光谱聚光器。 光谱聚光器被配置为：（1）收集太阳辐射; （2）将入射的太阳辐射转换成基本单色的发射辐射; 和（3）将基本上单色的发射的辐射传送到该组光伏电池。

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