摘要:
The invention relates to a security element having at least two luminescent substances. The invention starts out from a security element having at least two luminescent substances, whereby the security element has a first and a second luminescent substance which have a substantially identical, joint emission band, whereby at least the first or the second luminescent substance, or both luminescent substances, have at least one excitation band that leads to an emission at the joint emission band only in the case of the first or the second luminescent substance.
摘要:
The invention relates to a self-centering arrangement of microstructured elements, particularly of microoptical components on a substrate serving as carrier. To provide microoptical components with projections that fit into corresponding recesses is known in the art. The invention provides a way to improve the mutual alignment of components (K1, K2) in that a deformation occurs when projections (Z1, Z2) are inserted into the recesses (A). This deformation may concern the projections or the recesses themselves or a molding material introduced between the projections and the recesses. The deformation improves the self-centering properties; in addition, manufacturing tolerances are more easily compensated. If the element cannot be provided with a suitable projection, an intermediate carrier is used, which is, for example, a plastic element produced by a LIGA process.
摘要:
An optical switch has a substrate and a transparent material in which a three-dimensional diffraction pattern is recorded which is capable of diffracting light, the material having non-linear optical properties and extending in the form of a first layer above the substrate. At least one first electrode and at least one second electrode are provided for varying the diffraction pattern in accordance with applied voltages.
摘要:
A high-resolution position sensor utilizes a detector having at least one flat magnetic-field-dependent resistor, in stripe form, whose ends are connectable to an output voltage, and a magnetizable device which is moveable relative to the magnetic-field-dependent resistor and has portions transverse to the direction of movement which exhibit alternately different space permeabilities, with the magnetic-field-dependent resistor extending parallel to and at a distance from said portions by the magnetic-field-dependent resistor. The magnetic field dependent resistor displays anisotropy in the longitudinal direction of the stripes. At least in the area of the magnetic-field-dependent resistor the device is magnetized in or opposite the direction of movement.
摘要:
A magnetic field sensor is disclosed with which the direction of a magnetic field can be determined by using the planar Hall effect. An active layer of the sensor is made of a ferromagnetic amorphous metal which is magnetically isotropic. Thus, the magnetization in the active layer always has the direction of an external magnetic field. The developed planar Hall voltage is a measure of the direction of the magnetic field.
摘要:
An optical component comprising an optical waveguide and adjacent to it at least one grating array adapted to reflect stray light away from said optical waveguide. The use of a grating array with a plurality of structures like polygons or stripes gives the possibility to define a multiple of reflection directions. This is obtained by using polygons layed out in different orientations up to a random one or a Bragg grating preferably defined with a non-uniform period (chirped). Such grating arrays are usually structured within the same layer as the optical waveguide core layer.
摘要:
It is an object of the invention to provide a network topology for OCDM signals. Coding splitters combining both coding and splitting functions are provided. The coding splitters themselves can be made from cascaded Mach Zehnder filters which are located somewhere in the network and which can be integrated using planar waveguide technologies. Each OCDM transceiver as well as the network is connected to the splitter via a pair of fibers for the two transmission directions. This set-up has the advantage that the same splitter can be used for both directions to and from the transceivers on one side and to and from the network on the other side.
摘要:
Methods for the production of printed circuit boards (1) with at least one electrically conductive through-plating which runs in a hole (5) in an insulating base material (2) from a first to a second surface include the following steps. The base material is pressed on its surfaces with two-layered foils (3, 4) consisting of a Cu foil (31, 32) covered with a Cu layer (32′, 42′), an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-copolymer film (32″, 42″) or a self-adhesive plastic film (32*, 42*) in such a way that the Cu foils adhere well to the base material. The holes are produced and they as well as the exposed surfaces of the layers (32′, 42′; 32″, 42″; 32*, 42*) are provided with a further Cu layer (6, 6′). The metallized holes are completely filled with an insulating material (7) or with a conductive material (7′; 8) by spreading on with a squeegee or by rolling on to the exposed surface of the Cu layer (6, 6′). The layers (32′, 42′; 32″, 42″; 32*, 42*) are removed together with the Cu layer (6, 6′). Stubs (71, 72; 81, 82) which project beyond the remaining Cu foils (31, 41) are removed after the curing of the material (7, 7′; 8) thereby planarizing the Cu foils (31, 41) being now ready for structuring to produce a conductive pattern.
摘要:
Manufacturing of optoelectronic components in which an optical waveguide is made of an optically nonlinear (NLO) polymer, above and below of which is provided a buffer layer which carries at least one stripe electrode. The at least one stripe electrode is used as a mask to form the NLO polymer waveguide.
摘要:
A bucket-wheel excavator has a frame provided with an unsplit-ring bearing that defines an axis for a shaft assembly. This assembly is formed by a solid core shaft extending along the axis through the bearing, an input-side tube shaft fitted over the core shaft to one side of the bearing and having one end turned away from the bearing and formed with an input flange, and an output-side tube shaft fitted over the core shaft to the opposite side of the bearing and having one end also turned away from the bearing and formed with an output flange. The opposite ends of these tube shafts are provided with angularly interengaging formations that rotationally couple them together and bolts press these formations axially into tight engagement with one another. A bucket wheel is carried on the output flange and a drive motor is connected to the input flange for rotating the shaft assembly and bucket wheel about the axis.