摘要:
A method of introducing an additive to a biological material using a supercritical fluid is disclosed. The method comprises placing the biological material in a processing chamber, adding an additive to the supercritical fluid to form a supercritical fluid-additive mixture, adding the supercritical fluid-additive mixture to the processing chamber, and pulsing the mixture in the processing chamber. A processing system for introducing an additive to a biological material using a supercritical fluid in accordance with the present invention comprises a processing chamber for housing the biological material, a vat for storing a processing fluid, a pump, a heating element, an inlet port, and a flow path.
摘要:
A method of making a sandwich of impact resistant material, the method comprising: providing a powder; performing a spark plasma sintering process on powder to form a tile; and coupling a ductile backing layer to the tile. In some embodiments, the powder comprises micron-sized particles. In some embodiments, the powder comprises nano-particles. In some embodiments, the powder comprises silicon carbide particles. In some embodiments, the powder comprises boron carbide particles. In some embodiments, the ductile backing layer comprises an adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the ductile backing layer comprises: a layer of polyethylene fibers; and an adhesive layer coupling the layer of polyethylene fibers to the tile, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a thickness of 1 to 3 millimeters.
摘要:
A method of producing a catalyst material with nano-scale structure, the method comprising: introducing a starting powder into a nano-powder production reactor, the starting powder comprising a catalyst material; the nano-powder production reactor nano-sizing the starting powder, thereby producing a nano-powder from the starting powder, the nano-powder comprising a plurality of nano-particles, each nano-particle comprising the catalyst material; and forming a catalyst precursor material from the nano-powder, wherein the catalyst precursor material is a densified bulk porous structure comprising the catalyst material, the catalyst material having a nano-scale structure.
摘要:
An automatic system for monitoring chemistry information for a body of water comprises a sensor for determining chemistry information, a microprocessor for processing chemistry information, and a housing coupled to at least one of the sensor and the microprocessor. Preferably the housing is floatable or mountable. The method of providing chemistry information of a body of water comprising the steps of obtaining a sample of the body of water and determining chemistry information.
摘要:
An apparatus for cooling a reactive mixture, comprising: a reactor configured to form the reactive mixture; a quench chamber comprising a frusto-conical body having a wide end, a narrow end, and a quench region formed between the wide and narrow end, wherein the quench chamber is configured to receive the reactive mixture from the plasma reactor through a reactive mixture inlet into the quench region, to receive a conditioning fluid through at least one fluid inlet, and to flow the conditioning fluid into the quench region, wherein the frusto-conical body is configured to produce a turbulent flow within the quench region with the flow of the conditioning fluid into the quench region, thereby promoting the quenching of the reactive mixture to form a cooled gas-particle mixture; and a suction generator configured to force the cooled gas-particle mixture out of the quench chamber.
摘要:
A constricting chamber having first and second ends, the chamber comprising: an interior surface formed between the first and second ends, disposed circumferentially around and defining an interior space and a longitudinal axis of the chamber; a frusto-conical surface disposed between the first and second ends and narrowing as it extends away from the first end and into the second end; an ejection port disposed at the second end and substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis; a cover disposed at the first end, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and comprising a center substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis; an injection port disposed on the cover proximate the center, and configured to receive a reactive mixture into the chamber; and an annular supply portion disposed circumferentially around the longitudinal axis and comprising supply port(s) configured to supply conditioning fluid into the chamber in an annular formation along the interior surface.
摘要:
An electronic system for use in a body of fluid is disclosed. The electronic system includes a first housing element and a second housing element. The second housing element is hermetically sealed to the first housing element, forming a first chamber there between. An electronic circuit is mounted within the first chamber. The electronic system further includes a second chamber internal to the second housing element. The second chamber is configured for holding a power source for the electronic circuit. Preferably, the power source is a battery pack. Also, the electronic system includes means for temporarily sealing the second chamber. Preferably, means for temporarily sealing the second chamber includes a detachable plug configured for coupling to the second housing element.
摘要:
A plasma-arc vaporization chamber includes features configured to permit very high-energy plasmas, preferably with high hydrogen content. The vaporization chamber includes a female electrode having an internal chamber with a target region made of a conductive material highly resistant to thermal degradation and an isthmus region of sufficient width to slow plasma flow therethrough enough to permit vaporization within the internal chamber of a material delivered into the plasma. The material is preferably injected at an angle counter to the flow of the plasma. The vaporization chamber also includes a flange-cooling chamber adjacent to a flange of the female electrode. Additionally, the chamber preferably includes vortexing gas injectors configured to provide a helical gas flow within at least a portion of the internal chamber.
摘要:
Apparatuses for and methods of nano-material powder preservation and dispersion in liquid, capture, and treatments are disclosed. The applications of the present disclosure ensure powder accountability of the nano-materials preventing the nano material from dispersing into the air. The method of treating a nano-material comprises receiving a nano-material and mixing/dispersing the nano-material with a fluid in a vessel until the nano-material is sealed by the fluid. The apparatus for treating a nano-material comprises a hermetically sealable vessel containing a nano-material and a fluid, wherein the fluid is configured to increase the isolation between particles of the nano-material.
摘要:
A system comprising: a plasma production chamber configured to produce a plasma; a reaction chamber vaporize a precursor material with the plasma to form a reactive mixture; a quench chamber having a frusto-conical surface and a quench region formed within the quench chamber between an ejection port of the reaction chamber and a cooled mixture outlet, wherein the quench region configured to receive the reactive mixture from the ejection port, to cool the reactive mixture to form a cooled mixture, and to supply the cooled mixture to the cooled mixture outlet; and a conditioning fluid injection ring disposed at the ejection port and configured to flow a conditioning fluid directly into the reactive mixture as the reactive mixture flows through the ejection port, thereby disturbing the flow of the reactive mixture, creating turbulence within the quench region and cooling the reactive mixture to form a cooled mixture comprising condensed nanoparticles.