Abstract:
A process for the working up of ammonium sulphate-containing effluent which is contaminated with organic compounds and optionally also ammonium nitrate, comprising evaporating the effluent to produce water vapor which is removed, a concentrated liquid and a crystal suspension, thickening the suspension to obtain solid ammonium sulphate which is removed and liquid which is recycled to an earlier stage, subjecting the concentrated liquid from evaporation to an optional vacuum cooling crystallization to obtain water vapor which is removed and a crystal suspension from which a concentrated liquid is separated off, advancing the concentrated liquid from the evaporation stage or from the vacuum cooling crystallization stage to a crystallizer, introducing ammonia into the crystallizer to decrease the solubility of the ammonium sulphate, thickening the ammoniacal crystal suspension to obtain ammonium sulphate solids which are removed and ammoniacal mother liquor which is advanced to a distillation step for recovery of ammonia.
Abstract:
Nitrate-containing (contaminated) solutions are reduced with SO2 gas in the presence of an at least equimolar amount of NH4+ or ammonium salt.
Abstract:
High-grade titanium dioxide is produced by(a) reacting ilmenite or titanium-containing slag with sulfuric acid,(b) dissolving the material from (a) with water or dilute sulfuric acid,(c) separating insolubles from (b) to obtain a black solution containing titanyl sulfate and foreign metal salts,extracting titanyl sulfate from the black liquor with sulfuric acid and an organic medium containing an organophosphorus compound, separating the foreign metal salts in an aqueous extract phase, recovering titanyl sulfate from the organic extract phase, andhydrolyzing the titanyl sulfate to titanium oxide hydrate.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for drying polymeric powders and polymeric agglomerates, in particular thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonate or other thermoplastic polymers such as, for example, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, in the melt, whereby thermoplastic polymeric powders or polymeric agglomerates containing water or solvent or both are freed from adhering moisture and contained solvent, accompanied by melting, in an apparatus provided with rotating baffles for cleaning the walls of the apparatus and for distribution and transport of the material being dried, by heat input through the walls or through the rotating baffles or both as well as by heat input as a result of shearing action. The process of drying and that of melting for the subsequent granulation are thereby combined.
Abstract:
Tar-like residues from the preparation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole can be used by heating them at temperatures above 200.degree. C. for at least 1 hour and separating off the aniline and benzothiazole thereby formed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for stabilizing the molecular weight of high molecular weight, optionally branched polyarylene sulfides prepared by reaction of aromatic dihalogen compounds and, optionally, aromatic trihalogen or tetrahalogen compounds and, optionally, polymer-chain-terminating monomers with alkali metal sulfides and/or alkali metal hydrogen sulfides at elevated temperature in aprotic polar solvents, characterized in that, after the desired molecular weight has been reached, alkali metal sulfides and/or alkali metal hydrogen sulfides present in excess are at least partly reacted with acids to form the alkali metal salts of the acids and hydrogen sulfide.
Abstract:
An improved work-up of aqueous mother liquors which originate from the oxidative preparation of benzothiazolylsulphenamides and which contain unreacted amine or a low-boiling alcohol employed as solubilizer, or both, the work-up being carried out in such a fashion that the mother liquor is saturated by additives until two phases form, the phases are separated from one another, the aqueous phase is extracted with further alcohol or amine, amine, alcohol and the extracted components are isolated from the combined organic phases, and amine or alcohol dissolved in the aqueous phase is removed therefrom by distillation.