Abstract:
An apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation includes an envelope, a vortex generator configured to generate a vortexing flow of liquid along an inside surface of the envelope, first and second electrodes within the envelope configured to generate a plasma arc therebetween, and an insulative housing associated surrounding at least a portion of an electrical connection to one of the electrodes. The apparatus further includes a shielding system configured to block electromagnetic radiation emitted by the arc to prevent the electromagnetic radiation from striking all inner surfaces of the insulative housing. The apparatus further includes a cooling system configured to cool the shielding system.
Abstract:
A method of heat-treating a workpiece includes generating an initial heating portion and a subsequent sustaining portion of an irradiance pulse incident on a target surface area of the workpiece. A combined duration of the initial heating portion and the subsequent sustaining portion is less than a thermal conduction time of the workpiece. The initial heating portion heats the target surface area to a desired temperature and the subsequent sustaining portion maintains the target surface area within a desired range from the desired temperature. Another method includes generating such an initial heating portion and subsequent sustaining portion of an irradiance pulse, monitoring at least one parameter indicative of a presently completed amount of a desired thermal process during the irradiance pulse, and modifying the irradiance pulse in response to deviation of the at least one parameter from an expected value.
Abstract:
An apparatus for producing electromagnetic radiation includes a flow generator configured to generate a flow of liquid along an inside surface of an envelope, first and second electrodes configured to generate an electrical arc within the envelope to produce the electromagnetic radiation, and an exhaust chamber extending outwardly beyond one of the electrodes, configured to accommodate a portion of the flow of liquid. In another aspect, the flow generator is electrically insulated. In another aspect, the electrodes are configured to generate an electrical discharge pulse to produce an irradiance flash, and the apparatus includes a removal device configured to remove particulate contamination from the liquid, the particulate contamination being released during the flash and being different than that released by the electrodes during continuous operation.
Abstract:
A method of heat-treating a workpiece includes generating an initial heating portion and a subsequent sustaining portion of an irradiance pulse incident on a target surface area of the workpiece. A combined duration of the initial heating portion and the subsequent sustaining portion is less than a thermal conduction time of the workpiece. The initial heating portion heats the target surface area to a desired temperature and the subsequent sustaining portion maintains the target surface area within a desired range from the desired temperature. Another method includes generating such an initial heating portion and subsequent sustaining portion of an irradiance pulse, monitoring at least one parameter indicative of a presently completed amount of a desired thermal process during the irradiance pulse, and modifying the irradiance pulse in response to deviation of the at least one parameter from an expected value.
Abstract:
An apparatus for supporting a workpiece during heat-treating includes a support plate having a non-planar upper surface, and a support system. The support system is configured to support the workpiece above the support plate during heat-treating of the workpiece, such that a lower surface of an initial shape of the workpiece is supported at a non-uniform spacing above the non-planar upper surface of the support plate, said non-uniform spacing including an edge gap beneath an outer perimeter of the workpiece, and a central gap at a central axis of the workpiece.
Abstract:
A method involves increasing a temperature of a workpiece over a first time period to an intermediate temperature, and heating a surface of the workpiece to a desired temperature greater than the intermediate temperature, the heating commencing within less time following the first time period than the first time period. Another method involves pre-heating the workpiece from an initial temperature to an intermediate temperature, and heating a surface of the workpiece to a desired temperature greater than the intermediate temperature by an amount less than or equal to about one-fifth of a difference between the intermediate and initial temperatures. Another method involves irradiating a first side of the workpiece to pre-heat the workpiece to an intermediate temperature, and irradiating a second side of the workpiece to heat the second side to a desired temperature greater than the intermediate temperature.
Abstract:
A method involves pre-heating a workpiece to an intermediate temperature, heating a surface of the workpiece to a desired temperature greater than the intermediate temperature, and enhancing cooling of the workpiece. Enhancing cooling may involve absorbing radiation thermally emitted by the workpiece. An apparatus includes a first heating source for heating a first surface of a semiconductor wafer, a second heating source for heating a second surface of the semiconductor wafer, and a first cooled window disposed between the first heating source and the semiconductor wafer.
Abstract:
A method, apparatus and system for producing a desired spatial temperature distribution across a workpiece. The method includes irradiating a plurality of areas on a surface of the workpiece to create localized heating of the workpiece in those areas, to produce the desired spatial temperature distribution in the workpiece, and the apparatus includes means for carrying out the method. The system includes a locator for locating the workpiece in a desired position relative to an energy source, and an irradiance system for carrying out the method. The system further includes a processor circuit in communication with the irradiance system, and a radiation-absorbing environment. The irradiance system includes a measuring system and at least one energy source for directing radiation to the surface of the workpiece.
Abstract:
A first heat-treating method involves monitoring at least one thermal efficiency parameter associated with an irradiance system configured to produce an irradiance flash incident on a surface of a workpiece, and automatically updating control information used by the irradiance system to produce the irradiance flash, in response to the monitoring of the thermal efficiency parameter. A second method involves predicting a heating effect of an irradiance flash to be incident upon a surface of a workpiece, in response to a measurement of a heating parameter of the surface, and pre-adjusting the irradiance flash, in response to the predicted heating effect. A third method involves measuring a temperature of a surface of a workpiece during an initial portion of an irradiance flash incident on the surface, and controlling a power of a remaining portion of the irradiance flash, in response to the temperature.
Abstract:
A method and system for determining a shape of an irradiance pulse to which a semiconductor wafer is to be exposed during a thermal cycle are disclosed. The method includes receiving, with a processor circuit, thermal cycle parameters specifying requirements of the thermal cycle, and determining, with the processor circuit, a shape of a heating portion of the irradiance pulse. Determining includes optimizing at least one parameter of a flux profile model of the heating portion of the irradiance pulse to satisfy the requirements while minimizing frequency-domain energy spectral densities of the flux profile model at resonant frequencies of the wafer, to minimize vibration of the wafer at the resonant frequencies when the wafer is exposed to the irradiance pulse.