摘要:
Hot-electron injection driven by hole impact ionization in the channel-to-drain junction of a p-channel MOSFET provides a new mechanism for writing a floating-gate memory. Various pFET floating-gate structures use a combination of this mechanism and electron tunneling to implement nonvolatile analog memory, nonvolatile digital memory, or on-line learning in silicon. The memory is nonvolatile because the devices use electrically isolated floating gates to store electronic charge. The devices enable on-line learning because the electron injection and tunneling mechanisms that write the memory can occur during normal device operation. The memory updates and learning are bidirectional because the injection and tunneling mechanisms add and remove electrons from the floating gate, respectively. Because the memory updates depend on both the stored memory and the pFETs terminal voltages, and because they are bidirectional, the devices can implement on-line learning functions.
摘要:
Reactive replenishable device management comprises receiving device measurement data from at least one device, updating one or more device usage profiles associated with the at least one device, and if an analysis of the one or more device usage profiles indicates usage of the at least one device is sub-optimal, performing one or more of: controlling at least one of an attribute or an operation of the at least one device, issuing one or more device management recommendations to a user of the at least one device, and issuing one or more user alerts to the user. The at least one device comprises at least one of one or more replenishable devices, one or more replenishers associated with the one or more replenishable devices, and one or more other devices associated with the one or more replenishable devices.
摘要:
An optical wavelength division multiplexing network has a multi-level structure where a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) are connected to a lowest-level network. A node apparatus connected to networks other than the lowest-level network includes (a) passive optical components to branch optical signals from a higher-level network to a lower-level network, and couple optical signals from the lower-level network to the higher-level network, and (b) optical amplifiers for the optical signals. A node apparatus connected to the lowest-level network includes (a) an optical multiplexer/de-multiplexer to de-multiplex optical signals from the higher-level network, selectively output an optical signal to each ONU, and multiplex wave-length specific optical signals from the ONUs into a multiplexed optical signal, and (b) optical amplifiers for the optical signals. The node apparatuses provide an optical communication path between the higher-level network and the lower-level (or lowest-level) network without converting the optical signals into electrical signals.
摘要:
An interface device and method providing haptic sensations to a user. A user physically contacts a housing of the interface device, and a sensor device detects the manipulation of the interface device by the user. An actuator assembly includes an actuator that provides output forces to the user as haptic sensations. In one embodiment, the actuator outputs a rotary force, and a flexure coupled to the actuator moves an inertial mass and/or a contact member. The flexure can be a unitary member that includes flex joints allowing a portion of the flexure to be linearly moved. The flexure can converts rotary force output by the actuator to linear motion, where the linear motion causes a force that is transmitted to the user. In another embodiment, the actuator outputs a force, and a mechanism coupling the actuator to the device housing uses the force to move the actuator with respect to the device housing. The actuator acts as an inertial mass when in motion to provide an inertial force that can be transmitted to the user. The mechanism can be a flexure including at least one flex joint or a mechanism with bearings.
摘要:
In an embodiment, a device which comprises means for generating an audio signal based on sound data, the audio signal configured to produce sound from an audio producing device; means for generating a haptic command based on the sound data, the haptic command configured to cause a haptic feedback device to output a haptic sensation, the haptic sensation being associated with at least one characteristic of the sound data; and means for receiving a navigation command from a user experiencing the haptic sensation via the haptic feedback device, the navigation command associated with the sound data and based, at least in part, on the haptic sensation.
摘要:
Low-cost haptic interface device implementations for interfacing a user with a host computer. A haptic feedback device, such as a mouse or other device, includes a housing physically contacted by a user, and an actuator for providing motion that causes haptic sensations on the device housing and/or on a movable portion of the housing. The device may include a sensor for detecting x-y planar motion of the housing. Embodiments include actuators with eccentric rotating masses, buttons having motion influenced by various actuator forces, and housing portions moved by actuators to generate haptic sensations to a user contacting the driven surfaces.
摘要:
Circuits, devices and methods for use in RFID tags include receiving multiple RF signals from multiple ports. The signals are added after some processing, to produce a single combined signal. Additional components process the single combined signal by itself.
摘要:
Micro-mirror or micro-lens made up of a moving part (10) with a reflective or refringent zone (17), a fixed part (14), means of connection (13) of the moving part (10) to the fixed part (14) which forms an axis of rotation (12) for the moving part (10) and of means for controlling (18) the rotation. The means of control include two or more actuators (19) arranged either side of the axis (12), each formed of a fixed electrode (20) forming part of the fixed part (14) and a moving electrode (21) possessing a free end (21.1) and an end connected to a drive arm (23) which is substantially parallel to the axis (12) and emerging from the moving part (10). The moving electrode (21) adheres to the fixed electrode (20) from its free end (21.1) when a voltage is applied to the actuator (19), the adhesion is a function of the applied voltage.Application to optical systems.
摘要:
A method for mounting a semiconductor chip onto a substrate the side of which facing towards the substrate is coated with an adhesive layer is characterised by the following steps: (1) Lowering the semiconductor chip until the semiconductor chip touches the substrate, (2) Waiting a predetermined period of time during which a force exerted on the semiconductor chip disappears or is at least comparatively small, and (3) Applying a bond force.
摘要:
A data processing system issuing electronic certificates through “online” networks of personal computers, televisions, or other devices with video monitors or telephones. Each electronic certificate includes transaction data and identification data, and can be printed out on a printing device linked to a consumer's personal input device, or electronically stored in a designated data base until a specified expiration date. The certificate can be used for various purposes, including use as a coupon for a discounted price on a product or service, proof of a gift or award, proof of reservation, or proof of payment. Consumers access the data processing system online, browse among their choices, and make their selections. The data processing system provides reports on the selected certificates and their use following selection. Certificate issuers also have online access to the data processing system and can create or revise offers, and provide various instructions pertaining to the certificates, including limitations as to the number of certificates to be issued in total and to each individual consumer.