Abstract:
Process and apparatus for the gasification and liquefaction of bituminous type coal to produce fuel oil, including gasoline, and other liquid coal derivatives. The process includes the steps of providing clean, finely pulverized coal, gasifying the pulverized coal to produce hydrogen, by mixing the coal particles with superheated steam in the presence of heat in the range of 1,800.degree. to 2,000.degree. F., in a closed, oxygen-free pressure vessel, separating the hydrogen produced and introducing it into a closed, oxygen-free, coal liquefaction pressure vessel, for admixture with a slurry composed of fine particulate coal and a hydrogenating liquid, and subjecting the mixture to heat, pressure and ultrasonic shock waves to produce liquid effluent consisting of oil and a hydrogenating fluid. The effluent may be subjected either to fractionation in a still, or to centrifugation, to separate its oil and hydrogenating fluid components. The invention includes a coal gasification reactor comprising a closed, heated, high pressure vessel which reduces the chemical reaction residence time to gasify the finely pulverized coal to milliseconds. It also includes a coal liquefaction reactor comprising a closed, heated, high pressure vessel which greatly accelerates liquefaction of the coal, while providing substantially greater yields of fractionable liquid fuels.
Abstract:
The housing of the tubular reactor is in the form of a closed loop with smoothly curving portions conjugated with a rectilinear portion. The housing is associated with an acetylene introduction connection, an inert gas admission connection, e.g., a nitrogen admission connection, and a carbon black delivery connection. The igniter device is positioned adjacent to one of the ends of the rectilinear portion, the rectilinear portion and the inert gas admission connection being disposed to the opposite sides of the ingiter device. The rectilinear portion is intended for stabilization of the detonation wave.