摘要:
The invention relates to methods for enhancing the upgrading of heavy oils. In essence, a hydrotreating step is added to an upgrading process, so that process severity can be increased, product yields and quality improve, and hydrogen can be produced and serve as a source for the entire process.
摘要:
Desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is achieved by flashing the feed at a target cut point temperature to obtain two fractions. A first fraction contains refractory organosulfur compounds, which boils at or above the target cut point temperature. A second fraction boiling below the target cut point temperature is substantially free of refractory sulfur-containing compounds. The second fraction is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone operating under mild conditions to reduce the quantity of organosulfur compounds to an ultra-low level. The first fraction is contacted with gaseous oxidizing agent over an oxidation catalyst having a formula CuxZn1-xAl2O4 in a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction zone to convert the refractory organosulfur compounds to SOx and low sulfur hydrocarbons. The by-product SOx is subsequently removed, producing a stream containing a reduced level of organo sulfur compounds.
摘要:
A system and process for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon feed stream containing organosulfur compounds is provided. In general, the system includes a conventional hydrotreating unit through the high pressure cold or hot separator. Aqueous oxidant and an oxidative catalyst are mixed with the hydrotreated hydrocarbon effluent from the high pressure cold or hot separator, and oxidative desulfurization reactions occur in the low pressure separation zone, thereby minimizing or eliminating the requirement of additional oxidative desulfurization reactors.
摘要:
Catalyst particles comprising one or more active metal components and methods for manufacturing such catalyst particles are provided. The particles are a composite of a granulating agent or binder material such as an inorganic oxide, and an ultra-stable Y (hereafter “USY”) zeolite in which some of the aluminum atoms in the framework are substituted with zirconium atoms and/or titanium atoms and/or hafnium atoms. The one or more active phase components are incorporated prior to mixing the binder with the post-framework modified USY zeolite, extruding the resulting composite mixture, and forming the catalyst particles. The one or more active phase components are incorporated in the post-framework modified USY zeolite prior to forming the catalyst particles.
摘要:
Catalyst particles comprising one or more active metal components and methods for manufacturing such catalyst particles are provided. The particles are a composite of a granulating agent or binder material such as an inorganic oxide, and an ultra-stable Y (hereafter “USY”) zeolite in which some of the aluminum atoms in the framework are substituted with zirconium atoms and/or titanium atoms and/or hafnium atoms. The one or more active phase components are incorporated prior to mixing the binder with the post-framework modified USY zeolite, extruding the resulting composite mixture, and forming the catalyst particles. The one or more active phase components are incorporated in the binder material prior to forming the catalyst particles.
摘要:
A process for reverse isomerization of a light naphtha feedstock containing branched C5-C7 paraffins. The process includes feeding a mixed feed stream including the light naphtha feedstock to a separation unit to generate an iso-paraffin stream and one or more normal paraffin streams. The process further includes mixing hydrogen gas and a hydrocarbon feed stream containing the iso-paraffin stream to form a hydrogen-enriched liquid feed stream which is provided to a reverse isomerization reactor. The hydrogen-enriched liquid feed stream is contacted with a solid reverse isomerization catalyst for reverse hydroisomerization in a substantially two-phase liquid-solid reverse isomerization fixed-bed reaction zone convert iso-paraffins to normal paraffins. The isomerization effluent stream is provided to a stabilization column to generate a stabilized isomerate stream which is combined with the light naphtha feedstock to generate the mixed feed stream. An associated system for performing the process is also provided.
摘要:
Catalyst particles comprising one or more active metal components and methods for manufacturing such catalyst particles are provided. The particles are a composite of a granulating agent or binder material such as an inorganic oxide, and an ultra-stable Y (hereafter “USY”) zeolite in which some of the aluminum atoms in the framework are substituted with zirconium atoms and/or titanium atoms and/or hafnium atoms. The one or more active phase components are incorporated in a composite mixture of the inorganic oxide binder and the post-framework modified USY zeolite prior to forming the catalyst particles.
摘要:
According to embodiments, a process of forming a catalyst for aromatizing hydrocarbons may include enhancing a mesoporosity of a zeolite support by a base-leaching treatment, an acid-leaching treatment, or both to form a zeolite support having enhanced mesoporosity, mixing the zeolite support having enhanced mesoporosity with a solution containing zinc or gallium to disperse the zinc or gallium on the zeolite support having enhanced mesoporosity, and calcining the zeolite support having enhanced mesoporosity with zinc or gallium dispersed thereon to form a zinc- or gallium-doped zeolite catalyst having a mesopore volume of greater than 0.09 cm3/g and less than 0.20 cm3/g.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to zeolites and method for making such zeolites. According to embodiments disclosed herein, a zeolite may have a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm and a plurality of mesopores having diameters of greater than 2 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The microporous framework may include an MFI framework type. The microporous framework may include silicon atoms, aluminum atoms, oxygen atoms, and transition metal atoms. The transition metal atoms may be dispersed throughout the entire microporous framework.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a process for the upgrading of petroleum products comprising subjecting a diesel feed to a hydrocracking process, thereby producing a hydrocrackate fraction; subjecting the hydrocrackate fraction to a catalytic reforming process, thereby producing a reformate; and recovering aromatics from the reformate. In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of producing aromatics may comprise introducing a diesel feed to a hydrocracking unit to produce a hydrocrackate fraction, passing the hydrocrackate fraction to a catalytic reforming unit to produce a reformate, and passing the reformate to an aromatic recovery complex to produce an aromatic fraction. In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for the upgrading of petroleum products may comprise a hydrocracker, a catalytic reformer, and an aromatic recovery complex. The hydrocracker may be in fluid communication with the catalytic reformer, the catalytic reformer may be in fluid communication with an aromatic recovery complex, and the hydrocracker may be structurally configured to receive a diesel feed.