公开(公告)号：US5439498A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US149343

申请日：1993-11-09

申请人： John A. Bitler ,  John P. Baranski

发明人： John A. Bitler ,  John P. Baranski

IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/19 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D3/40 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B5/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C03B5/00 ,  C03B5/02 ,  C03C1/00 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C22B4/00 ,  C22B4/04 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B13/02 ,  H01M10/54

CPC分类号： C03B5/005 ,  A62D3/19 ,  A62D3/40 ,  B09C1/065 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C03B5/025 ,  C03C1/002 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C22B13/025 ,  C22B4/005 ,  C22B7/001 ,  C22B7/003 ,  H01M10/54 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y02P40/58 ,  Y02W30/84

摘要： A mobile system for the remediation of a mixture of lead-contaminated soil and waste lead-acid battery casings includes a plasma arc furnace unit having a plasma arc torch which operates at a sufficiently elevated temperature to (i) convert the battery casings in the mixture into a combustible gas, (ii) volatilize lead contaminants which are present in the mixture and entrain the volatilized lead contaminants as a vapor in the combustible gas, and (iii) vitrify the soil, whereby lead contaminants that were present in the mixture are substantially removed therefrom. An internal combustion engine-driven generator supplies the plasma arc furnace with electrical power. In this regard, the internal combustion engine-driven generator receives the combustible gas from the plasma arc furnace as a fuel source in order to drive the generator. A lead-filtration unit is preferably interposed between the generator and the plasma arc furnace so as to receive the combustible gas generated by the plasma arc furnace and remove the entrained lead contaminants therefrom. A supply of secondary fuel gas (e.g., liquified petroleum gas, natural gas or the like) may optionally be supplied to the internal combustion engine-driven generator as a supplemental fuel together with the combustible gas generated by the plasma arc furnace. The various nit operations may be mounted for mobility (e.g., on truck beds, rail cars or the like) to permit transportation to a landfill in need of remediation.

摘要翻译： 用于修复铅污染土壤和废铅酸蓄电池壳体的混合物的移动系统包括具有等离子弧焊炬的等离子体电弧炉单元，其在足够高的温度下操作以（i）将混合物中的电池壳体 （ii）使存在于混合物中的铅污染物挥发，并将挥发的铅污染物作为可燃气体中的蒸气夹带，和（iii）使土壤玻璃化，由此混合物中存在的铅污染物基本上 从中移除。 内燃机驱动的发电机为等离子弧炉提供电力。 在这方面，内燃机驱动的发电机接收来自等离子体电弧炉的可燃气体作为燃料源，以驱动发电机。 优选地，在发电机和等离子体电弧炉之间插入铅过滤单元，以便接收由等离子体电弧炉产生的可燃气体并从中除去夹带的铅污染物。 二次燃料气体（例如液化石油气，天然气等）的供应可以任选地作为补充燃料与由等离子体电弧炉产生的可燃气体一起供应到内燃机驱动的发电机。 各种操作可以安装用于移动性（例如，在卡车床，轨道车辆等上），以允许运输到需要补救的垃圾填埋场。

公开(公告)号：US5358549A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-25

申请号：US033846

申请日：1993-03-19

申请人： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

发明人： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D101/08 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/40 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B7/04 ,  C22B60/00

CPC分类号： C22B7/04 ,  A62D3/32 ,  B09C1/06 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B7/001 ,  A62D2101/08 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/40 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y10S423/12

摘要： An environmentally sound process is described for the remediation of waste materials that allows the separation, recovery and decontamination of metals. The method includes chemically reducing essentially all of a reducible toxic and potentially hazardous metal-containing component of a waste composition. The waste is directed into a molten metal bath, including a first reducing agent which, under the operating conditions of the molten metal bath, chemically reduces a metal of the metal-containing component to form a dissolved intermediate. A second reducing agent is directed into the molten metal bath. The second reducing agent, under the operations of the molten metal bath, chemically reduces the metal of the dissolved intermediate. The rate at which the second reducing agent is directed into the molten metal bath, relative to the rate at which the component of the waste is directed into the molten metal bath, is sufficient to cause essentially all metal-containing intermediate formed to dissolve in the molten metal bath, thereby indirectly chemically reducing the component of the waste. This indirect reduction technology can remediate a variety of materials, including ash metal-contaminated municipal waste, vitreous slag-like materials and spent metal catalysts, while allowing the recovery of remediable metals.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种无害环境的过程，用于修复允许金属分离，回收和去污的废料。 该方法包括化学还原废物组合物中所有可还原的有毒和潜在危险的含金属成分。 将废物引入熔融金属浴中，包括第一还原剂，其在熔融金属浴的操作条件下化学还原含金属组分的金属以形成溶解的中间体。 将第二还原剂引入熔融金属浴中。 第二种还原剂在熔融金属浴的作用下化学还原溶解的中间体的金属。 将第二还原剂引入熔融金属浴中的速率相对于废物的成分被引入熔融金属浴的速度足以使基本上所有形成的含金属中间体溶解在 熔融金属浴，从而间接地化学还原废物的成分。 这种间接还原技术可以补救各种材料，包括灰渣金属污染的城市废物，玻璃状炉渣样物料和废金属催化剂，同时允许回收可补救金属。

公开(公告)号：US5316411A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-31

申请号：US994172

申请日：1992-12-21

申请人： James L. Buelt ,  Kenton H. Oma ,  Eugene A. Eschbach

发明人： James L. Buelt ,  Kenton H. Oma ,  Eugene A. Eschbach

IPC分类号： B09C1/06 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  H05B3/03 ,  H05B3/60 ,  E02D3/00

CPC分类号： H05B3/60 ,  B09C1/065 ,  B09C1/067 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  H05B3/03 ,  B09C2101/00

摘要： An apparatus for decontaminating ground areas where toxic chemicals are buried includes a plurality of spaced electrodes located in the ground and to which a voltage is applied for bringing about current flow. Power delivered to the ground volatilizes the chemicals that are then collected and directed to a gas treatment system. A preferred form of the invention employs high voltage arc discharge between the electrodes for heating a ground region to relatively high temperatures at relatively low power levels. Electrodes according to the present invention are provided with preferentially active lower portions between which current flows for the purpose of soil heating or for soil melting and vitrification. Promoting current flow below ground level avoids predominantly superficial treatment and increases electrode life.

摘要翻译： 用于对有毒化学物质进行掩埋的地面区域进行净化的设备包括位于地面中的多个间隔开的电极，并施加电压以引起电流流动。 输送到地面的电力使化学物质挥发，然后将其收集并引导到气体处理系统。 本发明的优选形式在电极之间采用高电压电弧放电，以在相对低的功率水平下将接地区域加热到较高温度。 根据本发明的电极设置有优先活性的下部，电流为了土壤加热或土壤熔化和玻璃化而流动。 促进低于地面水平的电流避免主要是表面处理并增加电极寿命。

公开(公告)号：US5181795A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-26

申请号：US931962

申请日：1992-08-19

申请人： Louis J. Circeo, Jr. ,  Salvador L. Camacho

发明人： Louis J. Circeo, Jr. ,  Salvador L. Camacho

IPC分类号： B09B1/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C03B5/00 ,  C03B5/02 ,  C10B53/00 ,  E21B43/295

CPC分类号： C10B53/00 ,  B09B1/00 ,  B09C1/065 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C03B5/005 ,  C03B5/025 ,  E21B43/295 ,  Y02P40/52 ,  Y02W30/35

摘要： The process of the present invention serves to remediate and reduce the volume of waste materials in a landfill site and increases the useful life of the treated landfill. The process steps involve drilling a series of holes into the waste material mass at proper spacing, inserting and operating a plasma arc torch in each drilled hole to pyrolize, remediate and vitrify the waste materials and allowing the melted materials to cool and harden. During the process, a gaseous by-product is produced and collected in a hood which is attached to scrubbing and chemical cleaning apparatus. The resultant gases are commercially useful as fuel gas and the vitrified residue is significantly smaller in volume than the original waste material volume, thus substantially extending the useful life of the landfill site and ultimately providing a firm foundation for construction.

摘要翻译： 本发明的方法用于补救和减少垃圾填埋场中废物的体积，并增加处理后的垃圾填埋场的使用寿命。 工艺步骤包括以适当的间距将一系列的孔钻入废料块中，在每个钻孔中插入和操作等离子弧焊炬，以对废料进行热解，修复和玻璃化，并使熔化的材料冷却和硬化。 在该过程中，产生气态副产物并收集在附着于洗涤和化学清洁装置的罩中。 所得气体在商业上可用作燃料气体，并且玻璃化残余物的体积显着小于原始废物体积，因此大大延长了填埋场的使用寿命并最终为施工提供了坚实的基础。

公开(公告)号：US5100259A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-31

申请号：US518461

申请日：1990-05-02

申请人： James L. Buelt ,  John G. Carter ,  Eugene A. Eschbach ,  Vincent F. FitzPatrick ,  Paul L. Koehmstedt ,  William C. Morgan ,  Kenton H. Oma ,  Craig L. Timmerman

发明人： James L. Buelt ,  John G. Carter ,  Eugene A. Eschbach ,  Vincent F. FitzPatrick ,  Paul L. Koehmstedt ,  William C. Morgan ,  Kenton H. Oma ,  Craig L. Timmerman

IPC分类号： B09C1/06 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  H05B3/00 ,  H05B3/03

CPC分类号： B09C1/067 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401 ,  H05B3/0004 ,  H05B3/03

摘要： An electrode for use in in situ vitrification of soil comprises a molybdenum rod received within a conductive sleeve or collar formed of graphite. Electrodes of this type are placed on either side of a region containing buried waste material and an electric current is passed therebetween for vitrifying the soil between the electrodes. The graphite collar enhances the thermal conductivity of the electrode, bringing heat to the surface, and preventing the formation of a cold cap of material above the ground surface. The annulus between the molybdenum rod electrode and the graphite collar is filled with a conductive ceramic powder of a type that sinters upon the molybdenum rod, protecting the same from oxidation as the graphite material is consumed, or a metal powder which liquifies at operating temperatures. The molybdenum rod in the former case may be coated with an oxidation protectant, e.g. of molybdenum disilicide. As insulative blanket is suitably placed on the surface of the soil during processing to promote subsidence by allowing off-gassing and reducing surface heat loss.In other embodiments, connection to vitrification electrodes is provided below ground level to avoid loss of connection due to electrodes deterioration, or a sacrificial electrode may be employed when operation is started. Outboard electrodes can be utilized to square up the vitrified area.Further, the center of the molybdenum rod can be made hollow and filled with a powdered metal, such as copper, which liquifies at operating temperatures. In one embodiment, the molybdenum rod and the graphite collar are physically joined at the bottom.

摘要翻译： 用于土壤原位玻璃化的电极包括容纳在由石墨形成的导电套筒或套环内的钼棒。 这种类型的电极被放置在含有掩埋废料的区域的任一侧上，并且电流通过它们以使电极之间的土壤玻璃化。 石墨圈提高了电极的热导率，使表面发热，并防止了在地面上方形成了一个冷盖材料。 在钼棒电极和石墨圈之间的环形空间填充有一种类型的导电陶瓷粉末，该导电陶瓷粉末在钼棒上烧结，保护其与石墨材料被消耗的氧化，或在工作温度下液化的金属粉末。 前一种情况下的钼棒可以涂覆有氧化保护剂，例如， 的二硅化钼。 由于绝缘毯被适当地放置在处理过程中的土壤表面，以通过允许排气和减少表面热损失来促进沉降。 在其他实施例中，连接到玻璃化电极被提供在地平面以下，以避免由于电极劣化导致的连接损失，或者当操作开始时可以采用牺牲电极。 舷外电极可用于平坦化玻璃化区域。 此外，钼棒的中心可以制成中空的并且填充有诸如铜的粉末金属，其在操作温度下液化。 在一个实施例中，钼棒和石墨圈在底部物理连接。

公开(公告)号：US4998486A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-12

申请号：US343694

申请日：1989-04-27

申请人： Shyam V. Dighe ,  Raymond F. Taylor, Jr. ,  Robert J. Steffen ,  David M. Rohaus

发明人： Shyam V. Dighe ,  Raymond F. Taylor, Jr. ,  Robert J. Steffen ,  David M. Rohaus

IPC分类号： H05H1/26 ,  B09B1/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C03C1/00 ,  F23G5/08 ,  F23G5/24 ,  F23G7/00 ,  F23G7/14 ,  F23J1/00 ,  F27B1/08 ,  F27B15/00

CPC分类号： C03C1/002 ,  B09B1/00 ,  B09C1/067 ,  F23G5/085 ,  F23G5/24 ,  F23G7/14 ,  F27B1/08 ,  F23G2206/201 ,  Y02E20/363 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y10S588/90

摘要： Excavatged landfill material is treated in a plasma fired cupola in a process wherein hazardous material such as PCB's are volatilized and consumed in an afterburner above the cupola and hazardous materials containing heavy metals are fixed in vitreous material made molten within the cupola and resulting in a non-leachable solid product.

公开(公告)号：US4762991A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-09

申请号：US56582

申请日：1987-05-29

申请人： Craig L. Timmerman ,  Kenton H. Oma ,  Karl C. Davis

发明人： Craig L. Timmerman ,  Kenton H. Oma ,  Karl C. Davis

IPC分类号： G01J5/04 ,  B09C1/06 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B47/06 ,  G01J5/00 ,  G01J5/08 ,  G21F9/30 ,  H01J5/16

CPC分类号： B09C1/067 ,  E02D3/11 ,  E21B47/065

摘要： A detector system for sensing the progress of an ISV process along an expected path comprises multiple sensors each having an input port. The input ports are distributed along the expected path of the ISV process between a starting location and an expected ending location. Each sensor generates an electrical signal representative of the temperature in the vicinity of its input port. A signal processor is coupled to the sensors to receive an electrical signal generated by a sensor, and generate a signal which is encoded with information which identifies the sensor and whether the ISV process has reached the sensor's input port. A transmitter propagates the encoded signal. The signal processor and the transmitter are below ground at a location beyond the expected ending location of the ISV process in the direction from the starting location to the expected ending location. A signal receiver and a decoder are located above ground for receiving the encoded signal propagated by the transmitter, decoding the encoded signal and providing a human-perceptible indication of the progress of the ISV process.

摘要翻译： 用于感测沿预期路径的ISV过程进展的检测器系统包括多个传感器，每个传感器具有输入端口。 输入端口沿着ISV进程的预期路径在起始位置和预期结束位置之间分布。 每个传感器产生代表其输入端口附近的温度的电信号。 信号处理器耦合到传感器以接收由传感器产生的电信号，并且产生用识别传感器的信息和ISV处理是否已经到达传感器的输入端口的信号编码的信号。 发射机传播编码信号。 信号处理器和发射机在从起始位置到预期的结束位置的方向超出ISV过程的预期结束位置的位置处于地面以下。 信号接收器和解码器位于地面上方，用于接收由发射器传播的编码信号，对编码信号进行解码，并提供人类可识别的ISV过程进展指示。

公开(公告)号：US4376598A

公开(公告)日：1983-03-15

申请号：US251663

申请日：1981-04-06

申请人： Richard A. Brouns ,  James L. Buelt ,  William F. Bonner

发明人： Richard A. Brouns ,  James L. Buelt ,  William F. Bonner

IPC分类号： B09B1/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C03B5/00 ,  C03B5/027 ,  E01C7/06 ,  E02D3/11 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/34 ,  E02D3/00

CPC分类号： C03B5/0272 ,  B09B1/00 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C03B5/005 ,  E02D3/11

摘要： A method of vitrifying soil at or below a soil surface location. Two or more conductive electrodes are inserted into the soil for heating of the soil mass between them to a temperature above its melting temperature. Materials in the soil, such as buried waste, can thereby be effectively immobilized.

摘要翻译： 在土壤表面位置或以下对土壤进行玻璃化的方法。 将两个或更多个导电电极插入土壤中以将它们之间的土体加热到高于其熔融温度的温度。 因此，可以有效地固定土壤中的物质，例如埋藏废物。