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公开(公告)号：US4376598A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-15
申请号：US251663
申请日：1981-04-06
IPC分类号： B09B1/00 , B09C1/06 , C03B5/00 , C03B5/027 , E01C7/06 , E02D3/11 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/34 , E02D3/00
CPC分类号： C03B5/0272 , B09B1/00 , B09C1/067 , C03B5/005 , E02D3/11
摘要： A method of vitrifying soil at or below a soil surface location. Two or more conductive electrodes are inserted into the soil for heating of the soil mass between them to a temperature above its melting temperature. Materials in the soil, such as buried waste, can thereby be effectively immobilized.
摘要翻译： 在土壤表面位置或以下对土壤进行玻璃化的方法。 将两个或更多个导电电极插入土壤中以将它们之间的土体加热到高于其熔融温度的温度。 因此，可以有效地固定土壤中的物质，例如埋藏废物。
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公开(公告)号：US4957393A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-18
申请号：US181635
申请日：1988-04-14
申请人： James L. Buelt , Kenton H. Oma
发明人： James L. Buelt , Kenton H. Oma
CPC分类号： H05B3/60 , B09C1/065 , B09C1/067 , E02D3/11 , E21B36/04 , E21B43/24 , H05B3/03 , B09C2101/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for decontaminating ground areas where toxic chemicals are buried comprises disposition of a plurality of spaced electrodes in the ground to be treated and application of a voltage across the electrodes for bringing about current flow through the ground. Power delivered to the ground volatilizes the chemicals which are collected and directed to a gas treatment system. The preferred form of the invention employs high voltage arc discharge between the electrodes for heating a ground region to relatively high temperatures at relatively low power levels.
摘要翻译： 用于对有毒化学物质进行掩埋的地面区域进行净化的方法和装置包括在待处理的地面中设置多个间隔开的电极，并且在电极之间施加电压以使电流流过地面。 输送到地面的电力使收集和引导到气体处理系统的化学品挥发。 本发明的优选形式在电极之间采用高压电弧放电，以在相对低的功率水平下将接地区域加热到较高的温度。
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公开(公告)号：US06925870B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-09
申请号：US10668853
申请日：2003-09-23
申请人： Richard A. Pappas , Don S. Daly , Walter C. Weimer , James L. Buelt , Kayte M. Judd , Scott K. Cooley
发明人： Richard A. Pappas , Don S. Daly , Walter C. Weimer , James L. Buelt , Kayte M. Judd , Scott K. Cooley
IPC分类号： G01F23/296 , G01F23/00
CPC分类号： G01F23/2962
摘要： A fluid level monitoring system 20 includes an ultrasonic interrogation device 30 acoustically coupled to a sidewall 25 of container 22 and produces ultrasound that travels through the liquid 24 along a transverse path 32 and an inclined path 34. The liquid level is determined by calculating the times-of-flight for the received return signals, where the return signal along the inclined path 34 reflects from the intersection 27 of the liquid level 28 and a sidewall 23. The device 30 can be a multi-element transducer having a plurality of transducer elements at different angular orientations in a common housing.
摘要翻译： 液位监视系统20包括声耦合到容器22的侧壁25的超声波询问装置30，并产生沿着横向路径32和倾斜路径34行进通过液体24的超声波。 通过计算接收的返回信号的飞行时间来确定液位，其中沿着倾斜路径34的返回信号从液位28和侧壁23的交点27反射。 装置30可以是具有在公共壳体中以不同角度取向的多个换能器元件的多元件换能器。
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公开(公告)号：US5114277A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-19
申请号：US660205
申请日：1991-02-22
摘要： A method of making vitrified underground structures in which 1) the vitrification process is started underground, and 2) a thickness dimension is controlled to produce substantially planar vertical and horizontal vitrified underground structures. Structures may be placed around a contaminated waste site to isolate the site or may be used as aquifer dikes.
摘要翻译： 一种制造玻璃化地下结构的方法，其中1）玻璃化过程在地下开始，2）控制厚度尺寸以产生基本上平面的垂直和水平的玻璃化地下结构。 结构可以放置在受污染的废物场所周围，以隔离现场或可用作含水层堤坝。
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公开(公告)号：US4956535A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US255057
申请日：1988-10-07
申请人： James L. Buelt , John G. Carter , Eugene A. Eschbach , Vincent F. FitzPatrick , Paul L. Koehmstedt , William C. Morgan , Kenton H. Oma , Craig L. Timmerman
发明人： James L. Buelt , John G. Carter , Eugene A. Eschbach , Vincent F. FitzPatrick , Paul L. Koehmstedt , William C. Morgan , Kenton H. Oma , Craig L. Timmerman
CPC分类号： B09C1/067 , E02D3/11 , E21B36/04 , E21B43/2401 , H05B3/0004 , H05B3/03
摘要： An electrode comprising a molybdenum rod is received within a conductive collar formed of graphite. The molybdenum rod and the graphite collar may be physically joined at the bottom. A pair of such electrodes are placed in soil containing buried waste material and an electric current is passed therebetween for vitrifying the soil. The graphite collar enhances the thermal conductivity of the combination, bringing heat to the surface, and preventing formation of a cold cap of material above the ground surface. The annulus between the molybdenum rod electrode and the graphite collar is suitably filled with a conductive ceramic powder that sinters upon the molybdenum rod, protecting the same from oxidation as graphite material is consumed, or a metal powder which liquefies at operating temperatures. The center of the molybdenum rod, used with a collar of separately, can be hollow and filled with a powdered metal, such as copper, which liquefies at operating temperatures. Connection to electrodes can be provided below ground level to avoid open circuit due to electrode deterioration, or sacrificial electrodes may be employed when operation is started. Outboard electrodes cna be utilized to square up a vitrified area.
摘要翻译： 包括钼棒的电极被容纳在由石墨形成的导电套环中。 钼棒和石墨圈可以在底部物理连接。 将一对这样的电极放置在含有掩埋废料的土壤中，并且通过电流以使土壤玻璃化。 石墨圈提高组合的热导率，使表面产生热量，并防止在地面上方形成冷帽材料。 钼棒电极和石墨圈之间的环形空间适当地填充有在钼棒上烧结的导电陶瓷粉末，保护其免受石墨材料的氧化，或者在工作温度下液化的金属粉末。 钼棒的中心与单独的轴环一起使用可以是中空的，并且填充有诸如铜的粉末金属，其在工作温度下液化。 可以在地平面以下提供与电极的连接，以避免由于电极劣化引起的开路，或者当开始操作时可以使用牺牲电极。 外部电极可用于平坦化玻璃化区域。
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公开(公告)号：US5316411A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-31
申请号：US994172
申请日：1992-12-21
CPC分类号： H05B3/60 , B09C1/065 , B09C1/067 , E02D3/11 , E21B36/04 , E21B43/24 , H05B3/03 , B09C2101/00
摘要： An apparatus for decontaminating ground areas where toxic chemicals are buried includes a plurality of spaced electrodes located in the ground and to which a voltage is applied for bringing about current flow. Power delivered to the ground volatilizes the chemicals that are then collected and directed to a gas treatment system. A preferred form of the invention employs high voltage arc discharge between the electrodes for heating a ground region to relatively high temperatures at relatively low power levels. Electrodes according to the present invention are provided with preferentially active lower portions between which current flows for the purpose of soil heating or for soil melting and vitrification. Promoting current flow below ground level avoids predominantly superficial treatment and increases electrode life.
摘要翻译： 用于对有毒化学物质进行掩埋的地面区域进行净化的设备包括位于地面中的多个间隔开的电极，并施加电压以引起电流流动。 输送到地面的电力使化学物质挥发，然后将其收集并引导到气体处理系统。 本发明的优选形式在电极之间采用高电压电弧放电，以在相对低的功率水平下将接地区域加热到较高温度。 根据本发明的电极设置有优先活性的下部，电流为了土壤加热或土壤熔化和玻璃化而流动。 促进低于地面水平的电流避免主要是表面处理并增加电极寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US5100259A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-31
申请号：US518461
申请日：1990-05-02
申请人： James L. Buelt , John G. Carter , Eugene A. Eschbach , Vincent F. FitzPatrick , Paul L. Koehmstedt , William C. Morgan , Kenton H. Oma , Craig L. Timmerman
发明人： James L. Buelt , John G. Carter , Eugene A. Eschbach , Vincent F. FitzPatrick , Paul L. Koehmstedt , William C. Morgan , Kenton H. Oma , Craig L. Timmerman
CPC分类号： B09C1/067 , E02D3/11 , E21B36/04 , E21B43/2401 , H05B3/0004 , H05B3/03
摘要： An electrode for use in in situ vitrification of soil comprises a molybdenum rod received within a conductive sleeve or collar formed of graphite. Electrodes of this type are placed on either side of a region containing buried waste material and an electric current is passed therebetween for vitrifying the soil between the electrodes. The graphite collar enhances the thermal conductivity of the electrode, bringing heat to the surface, and preventing the formation of a cold cap of material above the ground surface. The annulus between the molybdenum rod electrode and the graphite collar is filled with a conductive ceramic powder of a type that sinters upon the molybdenum rod, protecting the same from oxidation as the graphite material is consumed, or a metal powder which liquifies at operating temperatures. The molybdenum rod in the former case may be coated with an oxidation protectant, e.g. of molybdenum disilicide. As insulative blanket is suitably placed on the surface of the soil during processing to promote subsidence by allowing off-gassing and reducing surface heat loss.In other embodiments, connection to vitrification electrodes is provided below ground level to avoid loss of connection due to electrodes deterioration, or a sacrificial electrode may be employed when operation is started. Outboard electrodes can be utilized to square up the vitrified area.Further, the center of the molybdenum rod can be made hollow and filled with a powdered metal, such as copper, which liquifies at operating temperatures. In one embodiment, the molybdenum rod and the graphite collar are physically joined at the bottom.
摘要翻译： 用于土壤原位玻璃化的电极包括容纳在由石墨形成的导电套筒或套环内的钼棒。 这种类型的电极被放置在含有掩埋废料的区域的任一侧上，并且电流通过它们以使电极之间的土壤玻璃化。 石墨圈提高了电极的热导率，使表面发热，并防止了在地面上方形成了一个冷盖材料。 在钼棒电极和石墨圈之间的环形空间填充有一种类型的导电陶瓷粉末，该导电陶瓷粉末在钼棒上烧结，保护其与石墨材料被消耗的氧化，或在工作温度下液化的金属粉末。 前一种情况下的钼棒可以涂覆有氧化保护剂，例如， 的二硅化钼。 由于绝缘毯被适当地放置在处理过程中的土壤表面，以通过允许排气和减少表面热损失来促进沉降。 在其他实施例中，连接到玻璃化电极被提供在地平面以下，以避免由于电极劣化导致的连接损失，或者当操作开始时可以采用牺牲电极。 舷外电极可用于平坦化玻璃化区域。 此外，钼棒的中心可以制成中空的并且填充有诸如铜的粉末金属，其在操作温度下液化。 在一个实施例中，钼棒和石墨圈在底部物理连接。
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