公开(公告)号：US5629464A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-13

申请号：US172582

申请日：1993-12-23

Applicant: Robert D. Bach ,  Christopher J. Nagel

Inventor： Robert D. Bach ,  Christopher J. Nagel

IPC: C07B35/04 ,  C07C4/02

CPC classification number: C07C4/02 ,  C07B35/04

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an unsaturated organic compound from an organic-containing feed. The method includes providing a reactor containing a liquid bath which includes a Bronsted acid that can protonate an organic component of the organic-containing feed. The feed is directed into the liquid bath at a rate which causes the Bronsted acid to protonate the organic component. Conditions are established and maintained in the reactor which cause the protonated organic component to fragment and form a carbenium ion and an unsaturated organic compound, whereby the unsaturated organic compound is discharged from the liquid bath.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种从含有机物的原料生产不饱和有机化合物的方法。 该方法包括提供一种含有液体浴的反应器，该反应器包括可以质子化含有机物的进料的有机组分的布朗斯台德酸。 以使得布朗斯台德酸质子化有机组分的速率将进料引入液体浴中。 在反应器中建立和维持条件，使反应器中质子化的有机组分分裂并形成碳鎓离子和不饱和有机化合物，从而使不饱和有机化合物从液浴中排出。

公开(公告)号：US08808411B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-19

申请号：US13627247

申请日：2012-09-26

Applicant: Michael C. Collins ,  Robert D. Bach

Inventor： Michael C. Collins ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC: B01J7/00

CPC classification number: C01B3/348 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/10 ,  C10J3/57 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J2300/1662 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a high-purity gas. The process includes an interrelationship among at least four bath vessels, each of which has a molten metal bath. In one embodiment, the process generally includes adding a gas stream into a first bath vessel and then removing that gas stream to introduce it into a third bath vessel. The third bath gas stream is removed to ultimately obtain hydrogen. Steam is added to a fourth bath vessel to ultimately produce additional hydrogen. One or more gas streams produced in the third and/or fourth bath vessels are added to a second bath vessel to ultimately result in production of methane or carbon monoxide.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种制备高纯度气体的方法。 该方法包括至少四个浴槽之间的相互关系，每个浴槽均具有熔融金属浴。 在一个实施方案中，该方法通常包括将气流添加到第一浴槽中，然后除去该气流以将其引入第三浴槽。 除去第三浴气流以最终获得氢气。 将蒸汽加入到第四个浴槽中以最终产生额外的氢。 将在第三和/或第四浴槽中产生的一个或多个气流加入到第二个浴槽中，最终导致生成甲烷或一氧化碳。

公开(公告)号：US08303916B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-06

申请号：US12363398

申请日：2009-01-30

Applicant: Michael C. Collins ,  Robert D. Bach

Inventor： Michael C. Collins ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC: B01J8/00

CPC classification number: C01B3/348 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/10 ,  C10J3/57 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J2300/1662 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36

Abstract: A reactor system for the transformation of solid, liquid, gaseous, and related hydrocarbon feedstocks into high-purity, high-pressure gas streams capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures. The system comprises a plurality of reactor housings and a plurality of molten-metal bath vessels within the housings, the bath vessels in fluid communication with each other via conduits, with communication facilitated by gravity and temperature/pressure differentials.

Abstract translation: 用于将固体，液体，气态和相关烃原料转化成能够承受高温和高压的高纯度高压气流的反应器系统。 该系统包括多个反应器壳体和壳体内的多个熔融金属浴容器，浴槽通过导管彼此流体连通，通过重力和温度/压力差促进了连通。

公开(公告)号：US6096109A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-01

申请号：US588603

申请日：1996-01-18

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC: C22B4/00 ,  C22B5/12 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B9/00 ,  C22B9/22 ,  C21B11/10

CPC classification number: C22B5/12 ,  C22B4/005 ,  C22B7/002 ,  Y02P10/212

Abstract: A method for converting a ligated-metal into chemical components of the ligated-metal includes forming an ionized zone that can convert the ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate. The ligated-metal is directed into the ionized zone, whereby the ligated-metal is converted to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate, thereby causing a thermodynamically stable metal-ligand bond of the ligated-metal to be electronically destabilized and inducing subsequent metal-ligand bond rupture. The reduced ligated-metal intermediate is converted by the metal-ligand bond rupture into chemical components of the ligated-metal. Ligated-metals that are suitable for processing by the method of the invention include, for example: uranium hexafluoride (UF.sub.6); sodium chloride (NaCl); and metal halides, such as iron trichloride (FeCl.sub.3). Chemical components that can be recovered from the ligated-metal include, for example, metals and gases derived from the ligand component of the ligated-metals.

Abstract translation: 将连接金属转化成连接金属的化学成分的方法包括形成可将连接金属转化为还原的连接金属中间体的电离区。 连接的金属被导入电离区，由此将连接的金属转化为还原的连接金属中间体，从而导致连接金属的热力学稳定的金属 - 配体键电子不稳定并诱导随后的金属配体 债券破裂。 还原的连接金属中间体通过金属 - 配体键断裂转化成连接金属的化学组分。 适用于通过本发明方法处理的金属包括例如：六氟化铀（UF6）; 氯化钠（NaCl）; 和金属卤化物，如三氯化铁（FeCl 3）。 可从连接金属中回收的化学组分包括例如衍生自连接金属的配体组分的金属和气体。

公开(公告)号：US5717149A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-10

申请号：US460887

申请日：1995-06-05

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach ,  Michael J. Stephenson ,  James E. Johnston

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach ,  Michael J. Stephenson ,  James E. Johnston

IPC: C01B7/03 ,  C01B7/19 ,  C01B9/02 ,  C01G43/01 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B9/02 ,  C22B60/02 ,  G21F9/32 ,  C22B60/00

CPC classification number: G21F9/32

Abstract: A method and apparatus producing halogenated products from metal halide feeds. In one embodiment, uranium hexafluoride is treated by separating fluorine from the metal of the uranium hexafluoride. Uranium hexafluoride is introduced into a molten metal bath under conditions whereby the uranium hexafluoride in the presence of hydrogen and oxygen can react to form a uranium dioxide and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is removed from the molten metal bath as a gas stream and the uranium dioxide is discharged as a ceramic phase.

Abstract translation: 从金属卤化物进料产生卤化物的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，通过从六氟化铀的金属中分离氟来处理六氟化铀。 将六氟化铀引入熔融金属浴中，由此在氢和氧气存在下六氟化铀可以反应形成二氧化铀和无水氟化氢。 无水氟化氢作为气流从熔融金属浴中除去，二氧化铀以陶瓷相排出。

公开(公告)号：US5543558A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-06

申请号：US173362

申请日：1993-12-23

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC: C07B37/06 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C4/04 ,  C07C4/06 ,  C07C4/10 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C67/333 ,  C07C67/30 ,  C07C1/00

CPC classification number: C07C4/10 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C67/333

Abstract: A method includes producing an unsaturated organic compound from an organic component of an organic-containing feed. A reactor is provided which contains a molten metal bath. The molten metal bath includes a metal, such as a suitable transition metal, which can interact with an organic component of the feed. The feed is directed into the molten metal bath at a rate which causes the metal to interact with the organic component. Operating conditions are established and maintained in the reactor to cause the metal to interact with the organic component. At least one carbon-carbon double bond is formed in the organic component to produce an unsaturated organic compound that is discharged from the molten metal bath.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括从含有机物的进料的有机组分制备不饱和有机化合物。 提供了包含熔融金属浴的反应器。 熔融金属浴包括可以与进料的有机组分相互作用的金属，例如合适的过渡金属。 进料以使金属与有机组分相互作用的速率引入熔融金属浴中。 在反应器中建立和维持操作条件以使金属与有机组分相互作用。 在有机成分中形成至少一个碳 - 碳双键，生成从熔融金属浴中排出的不饱和有机化合物。

公开(公告)号：US5324341A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-28

申请号：US879978

申请日：1992-05-05

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach ,  James E. Johnston

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach ,  James E. Johnston

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D101/08 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/40 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B7/04 ,  C21B15/00

CPC classification number: C22B7/04 ,  A62D3/32 ,  B09C1/06 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B7/001 ,  A62D2101/08 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/40 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y10S423/12

Abstract: An environmentally sound process is described for the remediation of waste materials and oxides of metals that allows the separation, recovery and decontamination of metals. The method includes chemically reducing essentially all of a reducible toxic and potentially hazardous metal oxide of a metal-containing composition. A metal-containing composition is directed into a molten bath, including a first reducing agent which, under the operating conditions of the molten bath, chemically reduces a first metal oxide of a metal in the metal-containing composition to form a bath-soluble transient second metal oxide. A second reducing agent is directed into the molten bath. The second reducing agent, under the operations of the molten-bath, chemically reduces the second metal oxide, provided that the second reducing agent has a Gibbs free energy lower than that of the second metal oxide. The rate at which the second reducing agent is directed into the molten bath, relative to the rate at which the metal-oxide of the metal-containing composition is directed into the molten-bath, is sufficient to cause essentially all subsequently formed second metal oxide to dissolve in the molten bath, thereby chemically reducing essentially all of the metal oxide of the metal-containing composition. This indirect reduction technology can remediate a variety of materials, including ash metal-contaminated municipal waste, vitreous stag-like materials and spent metal catalysts, while allowing the recovery of remediable metals.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种无害环境的方法，用于修复废物和金属的氧化物，从而允许金属的分离，回收和去污。 该方法包括化学还原含有金属组合物的所有可还原的有毒和潜在危险的金属氧化物。 将含金属的组合物引入熔融浴中，包括第一还原剂，其在熔融浴的操作条件下化学还原含金属组合物中的金属的第一金属氧化物以形成浴溶性瞬变 第二金属氧化物。 将第二还原剂引入熔浴中。 第二还原剂在熔池的操作下，化学还原第二金属氧化物，条件是第二还原剂的吉布斯自由能低于第二金属氧化物。 第二还原剂相对于含金属组合物的金属氧化物被引入熔池的速率相对于熔浴中的速率足以使基本上所有随后形成的第二金属氧化物 溶解在熔融浴中，从而化学还原含金属组合物的所有金属氧化物。 这种间接还原技术可以修复各种材料，包括灰渣金属污染的城市废物，玻璃状stag样物料和废金属催化剂，同时允许回收可补救金属。

公开(公告)号：US5202100A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-13

申请号：US788804

申请日：1991-11-07

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach ,  William M. Haney, III

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach ,  William M. Haney, III

IPC: G21F9/30 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B60/02

CPC classification number: C22B60/0213 ,  C22B60/02 ,  C22B7/002 ,  Y02P10/212

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the volume of a radioactive composition by separating a radioactive first component from a second component of the radioactive composition. The method includes directing the radioactive composition into a reaction zone. The reaction zone includes a molten bath, wherein oxidation of a component of the radioactive composition in the molten bath will cause separation of the radioactive first component from the second component. An oxidizing agent is directed into the molten bath, which oxidizes a component of the radioactive composition, whereby the radioactive first component is separated from the second component. The net volume of the radioactive composition is thereby reduced.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种通过从放射性组合物的第二组分分离放射性第一组分来减少放射性组合物的体积的方法。 该方法包括将放射性组合物引入反应区。 反应区包括熔浴，其中在熔浴中的放射性组合物的组分的氧化将导致放射性第一组分与第二组分的分离。 氧化剂被引导到熔融浴中，其熔化放射性组合物的组分，由此放射性第一组分与第二组分分离。 因此放射性组合物的净体积减小。

公开(公告)号：US5640707A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-17

申请号：US173346

申请日：1993-12-23

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC: A62D3/32 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/22 ,  C07B37/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  A62D3/00

CPC classification number: C07B61/00

Abstract: A method includes organic homologation employing an organic-containing feed. The organic-containing feed is directed into a molten metal bath. The molten metal bath includes a metal which can cause an organic component of the organic-containing feed to homologate and form a homologated organic compound. Operating conditions are established and maintained in the reactor to cause the organic component to form a homologated organic compound that is discharged from the molten metal bath.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括使用含有机物的进料的有机同系物。 将含有机物的进料引入熔融金属浴中。 熔融金属浴包括能够使含有机物的进料的有机成分同时化并形成同系化有机化合物的金属。 在反应器中建立和维持操作条件以使有机组分形成从熔融金属浴中排出的同系化有机化合物。

公开(公告)号：US5322547A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-21

申请号：US34557

申请日：1993-03-19

Applicant: Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

Inventor： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D101/08 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/40 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B7/04 ,  F23G5/00

CPC classification number: C22B7/04 ,  A62D3/32 ,  B09C1/06 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B7/001 ,  A62D2101/08 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/40 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y10S423/12

Abstract: An environmentally sound process is described for the remediation of waste materials that allows the separation, recovery and decontamination of metals. The method includes chemically reducing essentially all of a reducible toxic and potentially hazardous metal-containing component of a waste composition. The waste is directed into a molten metal bath, including a first reducing agent which, under the operating conditions of the molten metal bath, chemically reduces a metal of the metal-containing component to form a dissolved intermediate. A reagent is directed into the molten metal bath for metal-ligand exchange with the dissolved intermediate to form a metal-ligand exchange product that includes the metal of the dissolved intermediate. A second reducing agent is directed into the molten metal bath. The second reducing agent, under the operations of the molten metal bath, chemically reduces the metal of the metal-ligand exchange product. The rate at which the second reducing agent is directed into the molten metal bath, relative to the rate at which the component of the waste is directed into the molten metal bath, is sufficient to cause essentially all metal of the metal-containing intermediate formed to be reduced in the molten metal bath, thereby indirectly chemically reducing the component of the waste. This indirect reduction technology can remediate a variety of materials, including ash metal-contaminated municipal waste, vitreous slag-like materials and spent metal catalysts, while allowing the recovery of remediable metals.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种无害环境的过程，用于修复允许金属分离，回收和去污的废料。 该方法包括化学还原废物组合物中所有可还原的有毒和潜在危险的含金属成分。 将废物引入熔融金属浴中，包括第一还原剂，其在熔融金属浴的操作条件下化学还原含金属组分的金属以形成溶解的中间体。 将试剂引入熔融金属浴中以与溶解的中间体进行金属 - 配体交换以形成包含溶解的中间体的金属的金属 - 配体交换产物。 将第二还原剂引入熔融金属浴中。 第二种还原剂在熔融金属浴的作用下化学还原金属 - 配体交换产物的金属。 第二还原剂相对于废物的组分被引入熔融金属浴的速率相对于熔融金属浴的速率足以使基本上所有含金属的中间体的所有金属形成 在熔融金属浴中被还原，从而间接化学地还原废物的组分。 这种间接还原技术可以补救各种材料，包括灰渣金属污染的城市废物，玻璃状炉渣样物料和废金属催化剂，同时允许回收可补救金属。