摘要:
Low dielectric materials and films comprising same have been identified for improved performance when in integrated circuits as well as a method and a mixture for making same. In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a mixture for forming a porous, low-k dielectric material comprising: at least one silica source having an at least one silicon atom and an organic group comprising carbon and hydrogen atoms attached thereto wherein at least one hydrogen atom within the organic group is removable upon exposure to an ionizing radiation source; and at least one porogen wherein the ratio of the weight of at least one porogen to the weight of the at least one porogen and SiO2 provided by the at least one silica source is 0.4 or greater. The mechanical and other properties of the porous, silica-based material are improved via exposure to the ionizing radiation source.
摘要:
Silica-based materials and films having a dielectric constant of 3.7 or below and compositions and methods for making and using same are disclosed herein. In one aspect, there is provided a composition for preparing a silica-based material comprising an at least one silica source, a solvent, an at least one porogen, optionally a catalyst, and optionally a flow additive wherein the solvent boils at a temperature ranging from 90° C. to 170° C. and is selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formulas: HO—CHR8—CHR9—CH2—CHR10R11 where R8, R9, R10 and R11 can independently be an alkyl group ranging from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom; and R12—CO—R13 where R12 is a hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R13 is a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof.
摘要:
Apparatus, methods, and systems for centrally and uniformly controlling the operation of a variety of devices, such as communication, consumer electronic, audio-video, analog, digital, 1394, and the like, over a variety of protocols within a network system and, more particularly, a control system and uniform user interface for centrally controlling these devices in a manner that appears seamless and transparent to the user. In a preferred embodiment, a command center or hub of a network system includes a context and connection permutation sensitive control system that enables centralized and seamless integrated control of all types of input devices. The control system preferably includes a versatile icon based graphical user interface that provides a uniform, on-screen centralized control system for the network system. The user interface, which includes a visual recognition system, enables the user to transparently control multiple input devices over a variety of protocols while operating on a single control layer of an input command device. In an alternative embodiment, the control system also enables gated signal pass-through control while avoiding signal jamming.
摘要:
Low dielectric materials and films comprising same have been identified for improved performance when used as interlevel dielectrics in integrated circuits as well as methods for making same. These materials are characterized as having a dielectric constant (κ) a dielectric constant of about 3.7 or less; a normalized wall elastic modulus (E0′), derived in part from the dielectric constant of the material, of about 15 GPa or greater; and a metal impurity level of about 500 ppm or less. Low dielectric materials are also disclosed having a dielectric constant of less than about 1.95 and a normalized wall elastic modulus (E0′), derived in part from the dielectric constant of the material, of greater than about 26 GPa.
摘要:
A computer control system operates with an instruction set to provide automated administration of health care to a patient. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a central monitoring station receives data from a plurality of remote testing units. Each of the testing units is custom configured for a particular patient and is made to provide optimal care for that individual alone. Similarly one monitoring unit may serve multiple patients and transmit the data to a central monitoring computer via the telephone lines. Medical procedures are then administered to the patient and results taken as data. The data is made available to the central monitor so that proper medical interpretation is enabled. A number of novel steps in the programming of the system are taken to assure that the right patient is being monitored, that the patient is being tested properly and that the system is being monitored appropriately.
摘要:
In a preferred embodiment, in an electric motor of the type having a housing, a non-metallic bobbin upon which is wound a stator coil, a rotor having a rotor shaft fixedly attached thereto and extending therefrom, the rotor being disposed for rotation axially centrally of the bobbin, the improvement including: a bearing structure, the bearing structure being formed integrally with the non-metallic bobbin and having a central opening for the journalling therein of the rotor shaft.
摘要:
Described herein are methods and techniques for determining one or more characteristics of a hydrocarbon source. The method comprises obtaining a hydrocarbon fluid sample, determining at least one measured clumped isotope signature or measured position specific isotope signature for at least one hydrocarbon species of interest in the hydrocarbon fluid sample, determining at least one expected clumped isotope signature or expected position specific isotope signature for the hydrocarbon species of interest, comparing the measured clumped isotope signature or measured position specific isotope signature with the expected clumped isotope signature or expected position specific isotope signature, and determining at least one characteristic of the source of the hydrocarbon sample based on the comparison.
摘要:
A system for illuminating a bicycle having a frame comprising a plurality of tubular frame members wherein each frame member has a plurality of orifices. The orifices allow light rays to pass from inside each tubular frame member to outside each tubular frame member. Bulbs for emitting light are adapted to fit inside the tubular frame members and are conductively coupled to a power source. The power source is sized such that the power source fits inside a vertically situated tubular frame member. A planar platform, having a length in one direction that is less than the inside cross sectional diameter of the vertically aligned tubular frame member, is sized so that the platform fits inside the vertical tubular frame member. The platform supports the power source and is positioned such that the power source can be installed and removed by a user.
摘要:
Methods for organic compound conversion are disclosed. Particular methods include providing a first mixture comprising ≧10.0 wt % of at least one oxygenate, based on the weight of the first mixture; contacting said first mixture in at least a first moving bed reactor with a catalyst under conditions effective to covert at least a portion of the first mixture to a product stream comprising water, hydrogen, and one or more hydrocarbons; and separating from said product stream (i) at least one light stream and ii) at least one heavy stream, wherein the method is characterized by a recycle ratio of ≦5.0.