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    Grating monochromators and spectrometers based on surface normal rotation
    13.
    发明授权
    Grating monochromators and spectrometers based on surface normal rotation 失效
    基于表面正常旋转的光栅单色仪和光谱仪

    公开(公告)号：US5274435A

    公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

    申请号：US841421

    申请日：1992-02-26

    Applicant: Michael C. Hettrick

    Inventor： Michael C. Hettrick

    IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/20 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G21K1/06

    CPC classification number: G02B5/1861 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/189 ,  G01J3/20 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/06 ,  G21K2201/064

    Abstract: An optical system and method comprising a diffraction grating which rotates about its surface normal to change the magnitude of the wavelength diffracted to an image location. At grazing incidence, such a rotation is determined to maintain the diffracted image in focus over a wide range in scanned wavelength. Monochromator and spectrometer embodiments include plane and curved surface gratings with both classical and varied-spaced groove patterns, and a variety of illumination geometries. In the simplest case, a grazing incidence monochromator is constructed in which a self-focusing classical spherical grating scans the value in wavelength which is transmitted between fixed slits located on the Rowland circle of the grating. The diffracted image remains in perfect focus over two octaves in wavelength at high efficiency, with both entrance and exit slits fixed in position, and the radiation aperture is constant.

    Abstract translation: 一种光学系统和方法，包括围绕其表面法线旋转的衍射光栅，以将衍射的波长的大小改变为图像位置。 在掠入射处，确定这样的旋转以使衍射图像在扫描波长的宽范围内保持焦点。 单色器和光谱仪实施例包括具有经典和不同间隔的凹槽图案的平面和曲面光栅以及各种照明几何形状。 在最简单的情况下，构建了掠入射单色仪，其中自聚焦经典球形光栅扫描位于光栅的罗兰圆上的固定狭缝之间传输的波长值。 衍射图像以高效率保持在两个八度波长上的完美对焦，入射和出射狭缝均固定在适当位置，辐射孔径恒定。

    Plane diffraction grating based on surface normal rotation and its application to an optical system
    15.
    发明授权
    Plane diffraction grating based on surface normal rotation and its application to an optical system 失效
    基于表面正转的平面衍射光栅及其在光学系统中的应用

    公开(公告)号：US06844973B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-18

    申请号：US09642883

    申请日：2000-08-22

    Applicant: Masato Koike ,  Kazuo Sano ,  Yoshihisa Harada

    Inventor： Masato Koike ,  Kazuo Sano ,  Yoshihisa Harada

    IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G02B5/18

    CPC classification number: G01J3/1804 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/189 ,  G02B5/1828

    Abstract: A plane diffraction grating based on surface normal rotation according to the present invention is designed so that the profile of the grooves at a radial area is determined depending on a rotational position of the area about a rotational center defined as a foot of the rotational axis on the surface of the plane diffraction grating. An optical system such as a spectrometer or a monochromator according to the present invention uses such a plane diffraction grating, and requires a special arrangement. The optical system includes: a plane diffraction grating as described above; a mechanism for rotating the plane diffraction grating about the rotational axis; an incidence optical system for casting a converging beam of light on a point of the surface of the plane diffraction grating, where the point is set apart from the rotational center. As the diffraction grating is rotated about the rotational center, the point on which the incident converging beam of light is cast rotates about the rotation center, where the diffracting condition is optimized anywhere around the rotational center or for any scanning wavelength. The surface of the plane diffraction grating can be covered with a multiple-layer coating to improve diffraction efficiency. When such a multiple-layer is coated, the unit thickness of the multiple-layer coating at an area is also determined depending on the rotational position of the area about the rotational center.

    Abstract translation: 根据本发明的基于表面正转的平面衍射光栅被设计成使得在径向区域处的凹槽的轮廓根据围绕旋转中心的旋转中心的旋转中心的旋转位置来确定 平面衍射光栅的表面。 根据本发明的诸如光谱仪或单色仪的光学系统使用这种平面衍射光栅，并且需要特殊的布置。 光学系统包括：如上所述的平面衍射光栅; 用于使平面衍射光栅围绕旋转轴线旋转的机构; 用于在平面衍射光栅的表面的点上投射会聚光束的入射光学系统，其中点与旋转中心分开。 当衍射光栅围绕旋转中心旋转时，入射的会聚光束投射的点围绕旋转中心旋转，其中衍射条件在旋转中心附近或任何扫描波长的任何地方被优化。 平面衍射光栅的表面可以用多层涂层覆盖，以提高衍射效率。 当这种多层被涂覆时，一个区域的多层涂层的单位厚度也取决于围绕旋转中心的区域的旋转位置来确定。

    Diffraction-grating photopolarimeters and spectrophotopolarimeters
    16.
    发明授权
    Diffraction-grating photopolarimeters and spectrophotopolarimeters 失效
    衍射光栅光电倍增管和分光光度计

    公开(公告)号：US5337146A

    公开(公告)日：1994-08-09

    申请号：US859817

    申请日：1992-03-30

    Applicant: Rasheed M. A. Azzam

    Inventor： Rasheed M. A. Azzam

    IPC: G01J4/00 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B27/44

    CPC classification number: G02B27/4244 ,  G01J3/189 ,  G01J4/00 ,  G02B27/4261 ,  G02B5/1809

    Abstract: A division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter based on conical grating diffraction includes a diffraction grating and at least four photodetectors. An incident light beam is directed at the grating at an oblique incidence angle .PHI. and the grating grooves are inclined at an arbitrary angle .alpha. with respect to the plane of incidence. Each of the photodetectors is positioned to intercept one of the diffracted orders and may be an area array detector if spectropolarimetry use is desired. Polarizing means may be inserted in the paths of one or more of the diffracted orders. A division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter based on planar grating diffraction includes a diffraction grating and at least four photodetectors; the grating is placed in the conventional spectrometer orientation with its grating grooves perpendicular to the plane of incidence. Each of the photodetectors is positioned to intercept one of the diffracted orders, all of which lie in the plane of incidence and may be a linear array detector if spectropolarimetry use is desired. Polarizers are inserted in the paths of at least two of the diffracted orders between the grating and the detectors.

    Abstract translation: 基于锥形光栅衍射的分频光偏振计包括衍射光栅和至少四个光电检测器。 入射光束以斜入射角PHI指向光栅，并且光栅槽相对于入射平面以任意的角度α倾斜。 每个光电检测器被定位成截取一个衍射级，并且如果需要使用分光偏光法，则可以是区域阵列检测器。 极化装置可以插入到一个或多个衍射级的路径中。 基于平面光栅衍射的分频光偏振计包括衍射光栅和至少四个光电检测器; 光栅放置在常规的光谱仪取向中，其光栅槽垂直于入射平面。 每个光电检测器被定位成截取一个衍射级，所有衍射级都位于入射平面中，并且如果需要使用分光偏光法，则可以是线性阵列检测器。 偏振器被插入在光栅和检测器之间的至少两个衍射级的路径中。

    Monochromators
    17.
    发明授权
    Monochromators 失效
    单色器

    公开(公告)号：US4241999A

    公开(公告)日：1980-12-30

    申请号：US936592

    申请日：1978-08-24

    Applicant: Michel Pouey

    Inventor： Michel Pouey

    IPC: G01J3/18

    CPC classification number: G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/189

    Abstract: Various vacuum ultraviolet monochromators embodying a rotatable diffraction grating and fixed entrance and exit slits, and working at a predetermined magnification are disclosed which provide improved optical performances by a correction of the odd terms of the wavefront aberration. In one group of instruments the fixed angle 2.theta. between the entrance and the exit beams is 90.degree. and the magnification 1. In another group, grazing incidence instruments are considered, 2.theta. being equal to 166.degree..

    Abstract translation: 公开了具有可旋转衍射光栅和固定的入口和出口狭缝的各种真空紫外单色仪，并且以预定的倍率工作，其通过校正波前像差的奇数项来提供改进的光学性能。 在一组仪器中，入射光束和出射光束之间的固定角度2θ为90°，放大倍率为1。另一组中，考虑放射入射仪器，2θ等于166°。

    Focalization process of spherical concave diffraction gratings
    18.
    发明授权
    Focalization process of spherical concave diffraction gratings 失效
    球形凹衍射光栅的焦化过程

    公开(公告)号：US3973850A

    公开(公告)日：1976-08-10

    申请号：US497940

    申请日：1974-08-16

    Applicant: Michel Pouey

    Inventor： Michel Pouey

    IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G03H1/04

    CPC classification number: G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/189 ,  Y10S359/90

    Abstract: Spectrometric gratings formed by holographic techniques are disclosed. The gratings are employed in monochromator mounts of the type in which fixed entrance and exit slits are combined with simple rotation of the grating to scan the spectral range of interest, the angles of incidence and diffraction and the positions of the slits being so related that the mounts are characterized by improved optical performance due to phase balancing and improved focussing properties according both to geometrical and diffraction theories. The parameters involved in the holographic formation of the gratings, specifically the angularities and positions of the point sources forming the holographic image of the grating lines, are specifically related to the characteristics of the mount as to improve further their optical characteristics, particularly with respect to mounts either employing "normal" (i.e., relatively small) angles of incidence with large grating apertures or employing grazing incidence (i.e., for use in the far ultraviolet region).

    Abstract translation: 公开了通过全息技术形成的光谱光栅。 光栅用于单色仪安装，其中固定的入口和出口狭缝与光栅的简单旋转组合以扫描感兴趣的光谱范围，入射角和衍射角以及狭缝的位置如此相关， 由于相位平衡和基于几何和衍射理论的改进的聚焦特性，安装座的特征在于改善的光学性能。 涉及光栅全息形成的参数，特别是形成光栅线的全息图像的点光源的角度和位置，特别是与安装座的特性相关，以进一步提高其光学特性，特别是相对于 使用具有大光栅孔径或采用掠入射（即用于远紫外区域）的“正常”（即相对小的）入射角安装。

    Sagnac fourier transform spectrometer having improved resolution
    20.
    发明授权
    Sagnac fourier transform spectrometer having improved resolution 有权
    Sagnac傅立叶变换光谱仪具有改进的分辨率

    公开(公告)号：US08736844B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-05-27

    申请号：US13154368

    申请日：2011-06-06

    Applicant: Eric Szarmes ,  Huan Ma

    Inventor： Eric Szarmes ,  Huan Ma

    IPC: G01J3/45

    CPC classification number: G01J3/453 ,  G01J3/1804 ,  G01J3/189

    Abstract: A Sagnac interferometer can include a beamsplitter arranged to receive an input beam of light of a design wavelength, to split the input beam of light into first and second beams that counter propagate around an optical path, and to recombine the first and second beams into an output beam of light. The optical path can include at least one diffraction grating that is arranged to satisfy an effective Littrow geometry.

    Abstract translation: 萨尼亚克干涉仪可以包括分束器，其布置成接收设计波长的输入光束，以将输入光束分成第一和第二光束，所述第一和第二光束在光路周围传播，并且将第一和第二光束复合到 输出光束。 光路可以包括至少一个被设置为满足有效的Littrow几何形状的衍射光栅。

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