Abstract:
In an immersion lithography apparatus or device manufacturing method, the position of focus of the projected image is changed during imaging to increase focus latitude. In an embodiment, the focus may be varied using the liquid supply system of the immersion lithographic apparatus.
Abstract:
A method of designing an epitaxy template to direct self-assembly of a block copolymer on a substrate into an ordered target pattern involves providing a primary epitaxy template design and then varying the design to optimize a pattern fidelity statistic, such as placement error, relative to the target pattern by modelling predicted self-assembled block copolymer patterns and optimizing pattern placement as a function of a varied design parameter. In addition to varying a design parameter to optimize the pattern fidelity statistic, a random error in the template design is included prior to modelling predicted patterns in order to compensate for expected template inaccuracy in practice. The inclusion of a realistic random error in the template design, in addition to systematic variation of a design parameter, may improve the template design optimization to render the result less sensitive to error which may be inevitable in practice.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed to form a patterned epitaxy template, on a substrate, to direct self-assembly of block copolymer for device lithography. A resist layer on a substrate is selectively exposed with actinic (e.g. UV or DUV) radiation by photolithography to provide exposed portions in a regular lattice pattern of touching or overlapping shapes arranged to leave unexposed resist portions between the shapes. Exposed or unexposed resist is removed with remaining resist portions providing the basis for a patterned epitaxy template for the orientation of the self-assemblable block copolymer as a hexagonal or square array. The method allows for simple, direct UV lithography to form patterned epitaxy templates with sub-resolution features.
Abstract:
A patterning device comprising a reflective marker, wherein the marker comprises: a plurality of reflective regions configured to preferentially reflect radiation having a given wavelength; and a plurality of absorbing regions configured to preferentially absorb radiation having the given wavelength; wherein the absorbing and reflective regions are arranged to form a patterned radiation beam reflected from the marker when illuminated with radiation, and wherein the reflective regions comprise a roughened reflective surface, the roughened reflective surface being configured to diffuse radiation reflected from the reflective regions, and wherein the roughened reflective surface has a root mean squared roughness of about an eighth of the given wavelength or more.
Abstract:
A graphoepitaxy template to align a self-assembled block polymer adapted to self-assemble into a 2-D array having parallel rows of discontinuous first domains extending parallel to a first axis, mutually spaced along an orthogonal second axis, and separated by a continuous second domain. The graphoepitaxy template has first and second substantially parallel side walls extending parallel to and defining the first axis and mutually spaced along the second axis to provide a compartment to hold at least one row of discontinuous first domains of the self-assembled block copolymer on the substrate between and parallel to the side walls, and separated therefrom by a continuous second domain. The compartment has a graphoepitaxial nucleation feature arranged to locate at least one of the discontinuous first domains at a specific position within the compartment. Methods for forming the graphoepitaxy template and its use for device lithography are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A method of lithography in a lithographic apparatus configured to transfer a pattern from a patterning device onto a substrate, the method including: determining a dose sensitivity of at least part of the pattern at a plurality of values of a dose, wherein the dose sensitivity is not a monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing function of the dose. A computer product including a processor, a memory and a storage device, wherein the storage device at least stores values of, or a function describing, a dose sensitivity of at least part of a lithographic pattern at a plurality of values of dose, wherein the dose sensitivity is not a monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing function of the dose.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed to form a patterned epitaxy template, on a substrate, to direct self-assembly of block copolymer for device lithography. A resist layer on a substrate is selectively exposed with actinic (e.g. UV or DUV) radiation by photolithography to provide exposed portions in a regular lattice pattern of touching or overlapping shapes arranged to leave unexposed resist portions between the shapes. Exposed or unexposed resist is removed with remaining resist portions providing the basis for a patterned epitaxy template for the orientation of the self-assemblable block copolymer as a hexagonal or square array. The method allows for simple, direct UV lithography to form patterned epitaxy templates with sub-resolution features.