Manufacturing a reflective diffraction grating

    公开(公告)号:US12164125B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-12-10

    申请号:US17600420

    申请日:2020-03-06

    Abstract: A grating is provided on a mirror for specularly reflecting and diffracting a grazing-incidence beam of radiation and has a periodic structure with a grating period comprising first (ridge) and second (trench) substructures either side of a sidewall 806 facing the incident beam 800. The ridge is configured to specularly reflect the beam from the flat top 808 of the ridge into a specularly reflected beam 810 in a zeroth-order direction β′=β. The grating is configured with fixed or varying pitch to diffract the beam from the grating periods in one or more non-zero-diffraction-order direction β′≠β. The shape of the trench may be is described by structural parameters top width and depth that define the aspect ratio of the trench. The shape is determined such that any rays (and optionally diffraction) of the beam that reflect once from the trench floor in the zeroth-order direction are obscured by the sidewall.

    Beam splitting apparatus
    14.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US11112618B2

    公开(公告)日:2021-09-07

    申请号:US15754480

    申请日:2016-08-03

    Abstract: A beam-splitting apparatus arranged to receive an input radiation beam and split the input radiation beam into a plurality of output radiation beams. The beam-splitting apparatus comprising a plurality of reflective diffraction gratings arranged to receive a radiation beam and configured to form a diffraction pattern comprising a plurality of diffraction orders, at least some of the reflective diffraction gratings being arranged to receive a 0th diffraction order formed at another of the reflective diffraction gratings. The reflective diffraction gratings are arranged such that the optical path of each output radiation beam includes no more than one instance of a diffraction order which is not a 0th diffraction order.

    Radiation beam apparatus
    17.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US10168621B2

    公开(公告)日:2019-01-01

    申请号:US15523938

    申请日:2015-11-10

    Abstract: An adjustable diffraction grating includes: an optical element and a distortion mechanism. The optical element has an optical surface to receive an input radiation beam. The optical element is provided with a plurality of closed channels below the optical surface, above each closed channel the optical surface being formed from a membrane of material. The distortion mechanism includes one or more actuators that are operable to distort the membranes over the closed channels so as to control the shape of the optical surface and to form a periodic structure on the optical surface which acts as a diffraction grating such that the input radiation beam is diffracted from the optical element to form a plurality of angularly separated sub-beams.

    Method and apparatus for determining a radiation beam intensity profile

    公开(公告)号:US11353796B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-06-07

    申请号:US16556603

    申请日:2019-08-30

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining an intensity profile of a radiation beam. The method comprises providing a diffraction structure, causing a relative movement of the diffraction structure relative to the radiation beam from a first position, wherein the radiation beam does not irradiate the diffraction structure to a second position, wherein the radiation beam irradiates the diffraction structure, measuring, with a radiation detector, diffracted radiation signals produced from a diffraction of the radiation beam by the diffraction structure as the diffraction structure transitions from the first position to the second position or vice versa, and determining an intensity profile of the radiation beam based on the measured diffracted radiation signals.

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