公开(公告)号：US20150163697A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-11

申请号：US14623336

申请日：2015-02-16

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Hang Zhang ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong ,  Nimal Gamini Senarath ,  Derek Yu ,  David G. Steer

IPC: H04W28/24

CPC classification number: H04W40/12 ,  H04B7/2606 ,  H04L12/4633 ,  H04L47/24 ,  H04L47/28 ,  H04L69/22 ,  H04W16/26 ,  H04W28/18 ,  H04W28/24 ,  H04W40/22 ,  H04W72/0413 ,  H04W72/042 ,  H04W76/12 ,  H04W84/047 ,  H04W84/12

Abstract: A wireless communication access path exists between an ingress station and an egress station. A logical communication tunnel is established between the ingress and egress stations directly or through any number of intermediate relay stations to handle session flows of PDUs. As PDUs arrive, the ingress station may determine and add information bearing on an identified QoS associated with the PDU to the PDUs before they are delivered to the downstream egress station(s) or intermediate relay station(s). The information may be used by the downstream stations to schedule the PDUs for further delivery. The information may also be used by the egress station to schedule the PDUs for delivery.

Abstract translation: 在入站和出站之间存在无线通信接入路径。 直接或通过任意数量的中间中继站在入站和出站之间建立逻辑通信隧道，以处理PDU的会话流。 当PDU到达时，进入站可以在将PDU发送到下游出口站或中间中继站之前，将与PDU相关联的识别的QoS有关的信息确定并添加到PDU。 该信息可以由下游站使用以调度PDU以进一步传送。 这些信息也可以被出口站用来安排PDU进行传送。

公开(公告)号：US09008036B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

申请号：US13721784

申请日：2012-12-20

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Moussa Abdi

IPC: H04W4/00 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04B7/04 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04B7/0452 ,  H04B7/0413 ,  H04J13/18 ,  H04J2013/165 ,  H04L1/0625 ,  H04L5/001 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0032 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L5/0051 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0228 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04W72/044 ,  H04W88/08

Abstract: The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.

Abstract translation: 本发明采用诸如单载波FDM通信系统的频分多址（FDM）通信系统的导频方案。 给定的发送时间间隔将包括多个业务符号和两个或更多个短导频符号，它们彼此间隔开至少一个业务符号，并且将具有小于任何给定业务的傅里叶变换长度的傅里叶变换长度 符号。 多个发射机将产生导频信息，并以正交方式将导频信息调制到短导频符号的子载波上。 每个发射机可以在时间和频域内使用不同的子载波，由发射时间间隔内的短导频符号包围。 或者，每个发射机可以使用唯一的码分多路复用码对导频信息进行唯一的编码，并将编码的导频信息调制到短导频符号的公共子载波上。

公开(公告)号：US08942327B2

公开(公告)日：2015-01-27

申请号：US13649811

申请日：2012-10-11

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Ming Jia ,  Jianglei Ma ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong ,  Curt Dodd

IPC: H03D1/00 ,  H03C3/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H03C3/00 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L27/3488

Abstract: The present invention employs hierarchical modulation to simultaneously transmit information on different modulation layers using a carrier RF signal. Initially, first data to be transmitted is assigned to a first modulation layer and second data is assigned to a second modulation layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data are assigned based on reliability criteria. The first and second modulation layers are hierarchical modulation layers of the carrier RF signal. Once assigned, the first data is transmitted using the first modulation layer of the carrier RF signal and the second data is transmitted using the second modulation layer of the carrier RF signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, information may be transmitted to one end user using one modulation layer, and information may be transmitted to a different end user using a different modulation layer.

Abstract translation: 本发明采用层次调制，使用载波RF信号同时发送不同调制层上的信息。 首先，要发送的第一数据被分配给第一调制层，并且第二数据被分配给第二调制层。 在本发明的一个实施例中，基于可靠性标准来分配第一和第二数据。 第一和第二调制层是载波RF信号的分层调制层。 一旦被分配，使用载波RF信号的第一调制层发送第一数据，并且使用载波RF信号的第二调制层发送第二数据。 在本发明的一个实施例中，可以使用一个调制层向一个终端用户发送信息，并且可以使用不同的调制层向不同的终端用户发送信息。

公开(公告)号：US08902951B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-02

申请号：US13944065

申请日：2013-07-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hua Xu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

IPC: H04B1/00

CPC classification number: H04J13/0003 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04B7/0404 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04J13/00 ,  H04J13/16 ,  H04L5/0016 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/03866 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2627 ,  H04W72/044

Abstract: In some embodiments of the invention, OFDM symbols are transmitted as a plurality of clusters. A cluster includes a plurality of OFDM sub-carriers in frequency, over a plurality of OFDM symbol durations in time. Each cluster includes data as well as pilot information as a reference signal for channel estimation. In some embodiments, a plurality of clusters collectively occupy the available sub-carrier set in the frequency domain that is used for transmission. In some embodiments of the invention data and/or pilots are spread within each cluster using code division multiplexing (CDM). In some embodiments pilots and data are separated by distributing data on a particular number of the plurality of OFDM symbol durations and pilots on a remainder of the OFDM symbol durations. CDM spreading can be performed in time and/or frequency directions.

Abstract translation: 在本发明的一些实施例中，OFDM符号作为多个簇发送。 在多个OFDM符号持续时间内，群集包括频率上的多个OFDM子载波。 每个簇包括数据以及作为信道估计的参考信号的导频信息。 在一些实施例中，多个集群共同地占用用于传输的频域中的可用子载波集合。 在本发明的一些实施例中，使用码分多路复用（CDM）在每个簇内扩展数据和/或导频。 在一些实施例中，通过在OFDM码元持续时间的其余部分上分配关于多个OFDM符号持续时间的特定数目和导频上的数据来分离导频和数据。 可以在时间和/或频率方向上执行CDM扩展。

公开(公告)号：US08837272B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-16

申请号：US13678702

申请日：2012-11-16

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Shiquan Wu ,  Wen Tong ,  Leo Strawczynski

IPC: H04J11/00

CPC classification number: H04L27/2646 ,  H04B7/0413 ,  H04B7/0417 ,  H04B7/063 ,  H04B7/0669 ,  H04B7/0689 ,  H04B7/0697 ,  H04L1/0001 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0026 ,  H04L1/0625 ,  H04L1/0631 ,  H04L1/0662 ,  H04L1/0675 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2628

Abstract: An adaptable orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system (OFDM) that uses a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) to having OFDM signals transmitted either in accordance with time diversity to reducing signal fading or in accordance with spatial diversity to increase the data rate. Sub-carriers are classified for spatial diversity transmission or for time diversity transmission based on the result of a comparison between threshold values and at least one of three criteria. The criteria includes a calculation of a smallest eigen value of a frequency channel response matrix and a smallest element of a diagonal of the matrix and a ratio of the largest and smallest eigen values of the matrix.

Abstract translation: 一种适应性正交频分复用系统（OFDM），其使用多输入多输出（MIMO）来具有根据时间分集发送的OFDM信号以减少信号衰落或者根据空间分集来增加数据速率。 基于阈值与三个标准中的至少一个的比较的结果，将子载波分类为空间分集发送或时间分集发送。 标准包括计算频道响应矩阵的最小本征值和矩阵的对角线的最小元素以及矩阵的最大和最小本征值的比率。

公开(公告)号：US08811544B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-19

申请号：US13944010

申请日：2013-07-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

IPC: H04L27/06

CPC classification number: H04L5/0051 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0618 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/02 ,  H04L27/2602 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2647 ,  H04W52/325

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods and devices for inserting data and pilot symbols into Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frames having a time domain and a frequency domain. A method involves inserting in at least one zone of a first type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency and inserting in at least one zone of a second type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency. In some implementations the zone of the first type comprises common pilot symbols that can be detected by all receivers receiving the OFDM frame. In some implementations the zone of the second type comprises dedicated pilot symbols that are only detectable by a receiver that is aware of pre-processing used to encode the dedicated pilot symbols.

Abstract translation: 本发明的方面包括用于将数据和导频符号插入具有时域和频域的正交频分复用（OFDM）帧的方法和装置。 一种方法包括在时间和频率上插入数据和导频符号的二维阵列的第一类型的至少一个区域，并在第二类型的至少一个区域中插入时间和频率的数据和导频符号的二维阵列 。 在一些实现中，第一类型的区域包括可由接收OFDM帧的所有接收机检测的公共导频符号。 在一些实施方式中，第二类型的区域包括专用导频符号，其仅可以被知道用于对专用导频符号进行编码的预处理的接收机检测。

公开(公告)号：US20140219387A1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-07

申请号：US14251629

申请日：2014-04-13

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Wen Tong ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L27/263 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0044 ,  H04L5/0096 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2628 ,  H04L27/2634 ,  H04L27/2646

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided that enable an OFDM transmitter to be used for transmitting conventional OFDM or a form of transformed OFDM. A technique is provided for transforming a coded and modulated sequence of samples prior to an IFFT that enables the transformed sequence of samples to be transmitted using conventional OFDM or transformed OFDM. The selection of a transform function for transforming the coded and modulated sequence of samples may be based on optimizing the transform function for particular operating conditions between the transmitter and receiver. In some embodiments of the invention OFDM and time transformed OFDM are multiplexed in time and/or frequency in a transmission frame. In some embodiments of the invention a pilot pattern is provided in which the pilot are sent using OFDM and data is sent using OFDM and/or transformed OFDM.

Abstract translation: 提供了使OFDM发射机能够用于传输常规OFDM或变换OFDM形式的方法和系统。 提供了一种用于在IFFT之前变换样本的编码和调制序列的技术，其使得能够使用常规OFDM或变换OFDM来发送变换的样本序列。 用于变换样本的编码和调制序列的变换函数的选择可以基于优化发射机和接收机之间的特定操作条件的变换函数。 在本发明的一些实施例中，OFDM和时变OFDM在传输帧中以时间和/或频率被复用。 在本发明的一些实施例中，提供了导频模式，其中使用OFDM发送导频，并且使用OFDM和/或经变换的OFDM发送数据。

公开(公告)号：US20140169267A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-19

申请号：US14182075

申请日：2014-02-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Hang Zhang ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong

IPC: H04L1/18 ,  H04B7/15

CPC classification number: H04L1/18 ,  H04B7/15 ,  H04W8/30 ,  H04W40/22

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing distributed Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) in a wireless communication system are described herein. In one embodiment, a relay station interconnects a base station of the wireless communication system and one or more mobile stations. A first ARQ process is performed for a first connection between the base station and the relay station. A separate second ARQ process is performed for a second connection between the relay station and a mobile station. In this manner, rather than having end-to-end ARQ between the base station and the mobile station, a distributed ARQ process is provided.

Abstract translation: 在这里描述了用于在无线通信系统中提供分布式自动重传请求（ARQ）的系统和方法。 在一个实施例中，中继站将无线通信系统的基站和一个或多个移动站互连。 对于基站和中继站之间的第一连接执行第一ARQ处理。 针对中继站和移动站之间的第二连接执行单独的第二ARQ处理。 以这种方式，不是在基站和移动台之间具有端对端ARQ，而是提供分布式ARQ过程。

公开(公告)号：US20140079152A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-20

申请号：US14088531

申请日：2013-11-25

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L27/2611 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/08 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

公开(公告)号：US20140050144A1

公开(公告)日：2014-02-20

申请号：US13944365

申请日：2013-07-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Hang Zhang ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Hua Zu ,  Peiying Zhu

IPC: H04W52/14 ,  H04L5/00

CPC classification number: H04L5/0039 ,  A61K9/2081 ,  A61K9/209 ,  A61K9/2886 ,  A61K9/5026 ,  A61K9/5073 ,  A61K9/5084 ,  A61K31/455 ,  A61K31/54 ,  A61K45/06 ,  H04B7/15542 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/003 ,  H04L5/14 ,  H04L25/20 ,  H04W52/143 ,  H04W72/0453 ,  H04W84/047 ,  A61K2300/00

Abstract: International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) Advanced technology, also known as 4th Generation (4G) targets to support up to 100 MHz BW. LTE currently supports single carrier bandwidths of up to 20 MHz. The present application describes a multi-carrier approach in which some embodiments of the invention provide a simple solution of aggregating multiple single carrier bandwidths to obtain a wider bandwidth (>20 MHz). Such an approach may extend Long Term Evolution (LTE) bandwidth to greater than that provided by a single carrier, yet maintain full backward compatibility with technologies that predate 4G technology and utilize smaller, single carrier bandwidths. More generally, embodiments of the invention can apply to other communication standards than only LTE.

Abstract translation: 国际移动电信（IMT）先进技术，也被称为第四代（4G）目标，以支持高达100 MHz的BW。 LTE目前支持高达20 MHz的单载波带宽。 本申请描述了多载波方法，其中本发明的一些实施例提供聚合多个单载波带宽以获得更宽带宽（> 20MHz）的简单解决方案。 这种方法可以将长期演进（LTE）带宽扩展到大于由单个载波提供的带宽，但仍然保持与早于4G技术并利用更小的单载波带宽的技术的完全向后兼容性。 更一般地，本发明的实施例可以应用于仅比LTE的其他通信标准。