公开(公告)号：US5526121A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-11

申请号：US5320

申请日：1993-01-15

Applicant: James R. Sandifer ,  David S. Uerz

Inventor： James R. Sandifer ,  David S. Uerz

IPC: G01J3/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G02B26/04 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01J3/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G02B26/04 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N2021/3133 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/3174 ,  G01N2021/4742 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N2201/0826 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: A variable filter spectrophotometer, for use with sample and reference; has a main member, a filter unit, a drive, a detector, a light distribution system, and a clamping circuit. The main member defines first and second beam paths, which are intersected by the filter unit. The filter unit has filtering and opaque portions. The filter unit is continuously movable relative to the beam paths in a repeating cycle from a first filtering relation in which the filtering portion is interposed in the first beam path and the opaque portion completely blocks the second beam path, to a first dark relation in which both beam paths are blocked, to a second filtering relation in which the filtering portion is interposed in the second beam path and the first beam path is completely blocked, and to a second dark relation in which both beam paths are completely blocked. The filtering portion is variably transmissive along a direction of movement of the filter unit. The drive continuously moves the filter unit relative to the beam paths. The detector produces a signal responsive to light received. The light distribution system directs light separately to and from the sample and reference, to and from the beam paths, and to the detector. The clamping circuit clamps the signal produced by the detector during the filtering relations to the signal produced by the detector during the dark relations.

Abstract translation: 可变过滤分光光度计，用于样品和参考; 具有主构件，过滤单元，驱动器，检测器，配光系统和钳位电路。 主要部件限定了由过滤器单元相交的第一和第二光束路径。 过滤器单元具有过滤和不透明部分。 过滤器单元可以从第一过滤关系的重复循环中相对于光束路径连续移动，其中过滤部分插入在第一光束路径中，而不透明部分完全阻挡第二光束路径到第一黑暗关系，其中 两个光束路径被阻挡到第二滤波关系，其中滤波部分插入在第二光束路径中并且第一光束路径被完全阻挡，并且到第二暗关系，其中两个光束路径被完全阻挡。 过滤部分沿着过滤器单元的移动方向是可变的。 驱动器相对于光束路径连续地移动滤光单元。 检测器产生响应于接收到的光的信号。 光分配系统将光分别引导到样品和从样品引导，参考和从光束路径引导到检测器。 钳位电路在滤波关系期间将由检测器产生的信号钳位在由暗检测器产生的信号中。

公开(公告)号：US4977325A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-11

申请号：US378647

申请日：1989-07-12

Applicant: Mark S. Bowen ,  Stephen D. Fantone ,  Bruce E. Miller ,  Duane T. Thompson

Inventor： Mark S. Bowen ,  Stephen D. Fantone ,  Bruce E. Miller ,  Duane T. Thompson

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/536

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N2021/6471 ,  G01N2021/6478 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: A low cost optical system which incorporates a low ultraviolet output tungsten halogen light source and solid state photodetectors and circuitry in such a way as to provide reliable fluorometric test results. The attainment of reliable results using such components is made possible by incorporating highly ultraviolet transmissive optics to maximize ultraviolet light throughput and by using solid state circuitry together with a filter wheel having both light blocking and light passing regions in a manner which fully accounts for noise and dark signals associated with solid state photodetectors.

Abstract translation: 一种低成本的光学系统，其结合了低紫外线输出钨卤素光源和固态光电检测器和电路，以提供可靠的荧光测试结果。 通过结合高度紫外线透射的光学器件来最大程度地提高紫外线光通量，并且通过使用固态电路与具有遮光和光通过区域的滤光轮以完全考虑噪声的方式并使其成为可靠的结果， 与固体光电探测器相关的暗信号。

公开(公告)号：US20090161102A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-25

申请号：US12275008

申请日：2008-11-20

Applicant: Kevin L. Deppermann ,  Steven H. Modiano ,  Cynthia L. Ludwig ,  Brad D. White ,  Beth J. Calabotta

Inventor： Kevin L. Deppermann ,  Steven H. Modiano ,  Cynthia L. Ludwig ,  Brad D. White ,  Beth J. Calabotta

IPC: G01J3/40 ,  G01N21/01 ,  A01G1/00 ,  B07B1/00 ,  B07C99/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/253 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2001/4088 ,  G01N2201/12707 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  G01N2201/129

Abstract: Methods and assemblies are provided for evaluating plants for presence of pests. Methods may include separating pests from a plant to produce a sample of pests for analysis, illuminating the sample to produce emitted light from the sample, and comparing the emitted light from the sample to a model to discriminate pests within the sample. Assemblies may include a separating unit operable to separate pests from a plant to produce a sample comprising pests, a light source for illuminating at least part of the sample, and an imaging device adjacent the light source for receiving light from the illuminated sample and creating an image of the sample.

Abstract translation: 提供了方法和装配，用于评估植物是否存在有害生物。 方法可以包括从植物中分离害虫以产生用于分析的害虫样品，照亮样品以产生来自样品的发射光，并将来自样品的发射光与模型进行比较以区分样品内的害虫。 组件可以包括分离单元，其可操作以将害虫与植物分离以产生包含害虫的样品，用于照射样品的至少一部分的光源和邻近光源的成像装置，用于接收来自照射样品的光并产生 样本的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5345395A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-06

申请号：US785800

申请日：1991-10-31

Applicant: Christopher D. Griner

Inventor： Christopher D. Griner

IPC: G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N35/02 ,  G01N35/04 ,  G01N35/10

CPC classification number: G01N21/253 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N35/028 ,  G01N2201/0407 ,  G01N2201/0446 ,  G01N2201/08 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: A system uses a photometer that establishes an optical channel between a light emitter and a light detector. The photometer analyses a specimen while it occupies a well in a tray. A movable platform transports the tray to the optical channel for analysis and removes the tray from the optical channel after analysis. The system calibrates the movable platform to assure proper alignment between the specimen and the photometric apparatus used to analyzed the specimen. The system also calibrates the optical channel without use of an external reference.

Abstract translation: 系统使用在光发射器和光检测器之间建立光通道的光度计。 光度计分析样品时，它在托盘中占有很好的位置。 可移动平台将托盘运送到光通道进行分析，并在分析后从光通道中移除托盘。 系统校准可移动平台，以确保样品与用于分析样品的光度测量仪器之间的正确对准。 该系统还可以校准光通道而不使用外部参考。

公开(公告)号：US3861788A

公开(公告)日：1975-01-21

申请号：US42086373

申请日：1973-12-03

Applicant: NEOTEC CORP

Inventor： WEBSTER DONALD R

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G02B5/28

CPC classification number: G01N33/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/4769 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: An automatic test instrument for gaging the percentage of various constituents in organic substances by comparing the reflective optical density of the subject at various wavelengths. Narrow band optical filters are connected together in the form of a rotatable paddle wheel positioned so that the filters can be individually swept through the incident light path between the specimen and wideband light source. As the filter wheel turns, the band of light passed by each filter is progressively shifted with the changing angle of the filter relative to the light path. The filter wheel configuration includes opaque vanes extending from the ends of the filters to periodically interrupt the passage of light to the specimen. Photocells are positioned to sense the level of light reflected from the specimen. The output of the photocells is sampled at predetermined times relative to the rotation of the filter wheel to yield values indicative of reflected intensity at certain wavelengths. Using these values, an electronic circuit in one embodiment calculates three optical density difference values corresponding to moisture, protein and oil content of the specimen. The difference values are automatically inserted in three linear equations which are solved to obtain readings representing the true percentages of oil, water and protein contained in the specimen. Each time a new specimen is loaded for testing, the instrument is automatically calibrated against a standard sample, preferably Teflon (Trademark). The output of the photocells is amplified in a special circuit which subtracts the level of dark period current from the output when the photocells are illuminated.

Abstract translation: 一种自动测试仪器，用于通过比较不同波长的受试者的反射光密度来测量有机物质中各种成分的百分比。 窄带光学滤波器以可旋转的桨轮的形式连接在一起，其定位成使得滤光器可以被单独扫过样品和宽带光源之间的入射光路。 当滤光轮转动时，每个滤光片通过的光束随着滤光片相对于光路的变化角度逐渐变化。 过滤轮配置包括从过滤器的端部延伸的不透明的叶片，以周期性地中断通向样品的光。 光电池被定位以感测从样品反射的光的水平。 光电池的输出在相对于滤光轮的旋转的预定时间被采样，以产生指示在某些波长处的反射强度的值。 使用这些值，一个实施例中的电子电路计算对应于样品的水分，蛋白质和油含量的三个光密度差值。 差值被自动插入三个线性方程中，这些线性方程被求解以获得表示样品中所含的油，水和蛋白质的真实百分比的读数。 每次加载新的样品进行测试时，仪器将自动根据标准样品进行校准，最好是Teflon（商标）。 光电管的输出在特殊电路中被放大，当光电管被照亮时，其从输出中减去暗周期电流的电平。

公开(公告)号：US07830504B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-09

申请号：US12275008

申请日：2008-11-20

Applicant: Kevin L. Deppermann ,  Steven H. Modiano ,  Cynthia L. Ludwig ,  Brad D. White ,  Beth J. Calabotta

Inventor： Kevin L. Deppermann ,  Steven H. Modiano ,  Cynthia L. Ludwig ,  Brad D. White ,  Beth J. Calabotta

IPC: G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01N21/253 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2001/4088 ,  G01N2201/12707 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  G01N2201/129

Abstract: Methods and assemblies are provided for evaluating plants for presence of pests. Methods may include separating pests from a plant to produce a sample of pests for analysis, illuminating the sample to produce emitted light from the sample, and comparing the emitted light from the sample to a model to discriminate pests within the sample. Assemblies may include a separating unit operable to separate pests from a plant to produce a sample comprising pests, a light source for illuminating at least part of the sample, and an imaging device adjacent the light source for receiving light from the illuminated sample and creating an image of the sample.

Abstract translation: 提供了方法和装配，用于评估植物是否存在有害生物。 方法可以包括从植物中分离害虫以产生用于分析的害虫样品，照亮样品以产生来自样品的发射光，并将来自样品的发射光与模型进行比较以区分样品内的害虫。 组件可以包括分离单元，其可操作以将害虫与植物分离以产生包含害虫的样品，用于照射样品的至少一部分的光源和邻近光源的成像装置，用于接收来自照射样品的光并产生 样本的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5357343A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-18

申请号：US951607

申请日：1992-09-28

Applicant: Alan J. Lowne ,  James R. Sandifer ,  David S. Uerz ,  Steven C. Switalski ,  Hsue-Yang Liu

Inventor： Alan J. Lowne ,  James R. Sandifer ,  David S. Uerz ,  Steven C. Switalski ,  Hsue-Yang Liu

IPC: G01J3/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G02B26/04 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01J3/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G02B26/04 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N2021/3133 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/3174 ,  G01N2021/4742 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N2201/0826 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: A spectrophotometer is described, comprising a single light source, a single detector, optics for dually and alternatively reading a sample and a reference, and only one moving part. That moving part is a chopper containing multiple pass-through apertures, each filled with a unique bandpass filter to select wavelengths to specifically illuminate the sample or reference. To inform the spectrophotometer whether and when it is reading the sample or the reference, trigger means are provided in at least twice the number of the pass-through apertures.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种分光光度计，其包括单个光源，单个检测器，用于双重和可选地读取样品和参考的光学器件，以及仅一个移动部件。 该移动部件是包含多个通孔的斩波器，每个充满了独特的带通滤波器，以选择波长以特定照亮样品或参考。 为了通知分光光度计是否以及何时读取样品或参考，触发装置至少提供两倍于通过孔的数量。

公开(公告)号：US4260262A

公开(公告)日：1981-04-07

申请号：US964191

申请日：1978-11-28

Applicant: Donald R. Webster

Inventor： Donald R. Webster

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/126 ,  G01N2201/12753 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: An improved grain quality analyzer, for analyzing the percentage concentration of various constituents, e.g. protein and water, in a grain sample, photo-optically measures the change in the optical density of the sample, .DELTA. OD, in a range of characteristic wavelengths and, for protein, in a range of neutral wavelengths and uses these measured values to compute the percentage concentration of the constituents.A grain sample is irradiated with light, the wavelength of which sweeps across the infrared light-spectrum including a range of wavelengths termed characteristic wavelengths, and, for protein, a range of wavelengths termed neutral wavelengths. The characteristic wavelengths are those wavelengths at which the optical characteristics of the irradiated sample, that is, the optical density, reflectivity, transmissivity, and/or absorption, are known to vary as a function of the concentration of the measured constituent, and, for the protein measurement, the neutral wavelengths are those wavelengths at which the optical characteristics are substantially independent of the concentration of the protein.In the preferred embodiment, photo-optical sensors measure the light reflected from the sample and provide output signals indicative of the optical density of the sample as a function of the wavelength of the irradiating light. Control and computing means sample the sensor output at spaced apart points in the range of characteristic wavelengths and in the range of neutral wavelengths to provide signals representative of the optical characteristics of the sample. Computing circuitry computes the percentage concentration of water and, for protein, computes the percentage concentration using an algorithm in accordance with the present invention which eliminates the inaccuracies introduced by light scattering from the sample.

Abstract translation: 改进的谷物质量分析仪，用于分析各种成分的百分浓度，例如 蛋白质和水在晶粒样品中光学测量样品光密度的变化，在特定波长范围内，对于蛋白质，在一定范围的中性波长，并使用这些测量值来计算 成分的浓度百分比。 用光照射晶粒样品，其波长扫过包括称为特征波长的波长范围的红外光谱，并且对于蛋白质，扫描一定范围的称为中性波长的波长。 特征波长是已知辐射样品的光学特性，即光密度，反射率，透射率和/或吸收的波长已知是随测量成分的浓度而变化的，并且对于 蛋白质测量，中性波长是光学特性基本上与蛋白质浓度无关的那些波长。 在优选实施例中，光电传感器测量从样品反射的光，并提供表示样品的光密度的输出信号作为照射光的波长的函数。 控制和计算装置在特征波长范围内和中性波长范围内的间隔开的点采样传感器输出，以提供代表样品的光学特性的信号。 计算电路计算水的百分浓度，并且对于蛋白质，使用根据本发明的算法计算百分比浓度，其消除了来自样品的光散射引入的不准确性。

公开(公告)号：US4040747A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-09

申请号：US497727

申请日：1974-08-15

Applicant: Donald R. Webster

Inventor： Donald R. Webster

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G01N21/48

CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/4769 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: An automatic test instrument for gaging the percentage of various constituents in organic substances by comparing the reflective optical density of the subject at various wavelengths. Narrow band optical filters are connected together in the form of a rotatable paddle wheel positioned so that the filters can be individually swept through the incident light path between the specimen and wideband light source. As the filter wheel turns, the band of light passed by each filter is progressively shifted with the changing angle of the filter relative to the light path. The filter wheel configuration includes opaque vanes extending from the ends of the filters to periodically interrupt the passage of light to the specimen. Photocells are positioned to sense the level of light reflected from the specimen. The output of the photocells is sampled at pedetermined times relative to the rotation of the filter wheel to yield values indicative of reflected intensity at certain wavelengths. Using these values, an electronic circuit in one embodiment calculates three optical density difference values corresponding to moisture, protein and oil content of the specimen. The difference values are automatically inserted in three linear equations which are solved to obtain readings representing the true percentages of oil, water and protein contained in the specimen. Each time a new specimen is loaded for testing, the instrument is automatically calibrated against a standard sample, preferably Teflon (Trademark). The output of the photocells is amplified in a special circuit which subtracts the level of dark period current from the output when the photocells are illuminated.

Abstract translation: 一种自动测试仪器，用于通过比较不同波长的受试者的反射光密度来测量有机物质中各种成分的百分比。 窄带光学滤波器以可旋转的桨轮的形式连接在一起，其定位成使得滤光器可以被单独扫过样品和宽带光源之间的入射光路。 当滤光轮转动时，每个滤光片通过的光束随着滤光片相对于光路的变化角度逐渐变化。 过滤轮配置包括从过滤器的端部延伸的不透明的叶片，以周期性地中断通向样品的光。 光电池被定位以感测从样品反射的光的水平。 光电管的输出相对于滤光轮的旋转在规定时间被采样，以产生指示某些波长的反射强度的值。 使用这些值，一个实施例中的电子电路计算对应于样品的水分，蛋白质和油含量的三个光密度差值。 差值被自动插入三个线性方程中，这些线性方程被求解以获得表示样品中所含的油，水和蛋白质的真实百分比的读数。 每次加载新的样品进行测试时，仪器将自动根据标准样品进行校准，最好是Teflon（商标）。 光电管的输出在特殊电路中被放大，当光电管被照亮时，其从输出中减去暗周期电流的电平。

公开(公告)号：US5452084A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-19

申请号：US38177

申请日：1993-03-29

Applicant: John Mitchell ,  Scott D. Miles ,  Donald E. Gregonis ,  Kent F. Beck

Inventor： John Mitchell ,  Scott D. Miles ,  Donald E. Gregonis ,  Kent F. Beck

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/65

CPC classification number: G01N21/65 ,  G01N2201/127 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: A Raman spectroscopy system and method for determining a zero-calibration level. A gas sample chamber is located within a resonant cavity. A light source is located to cause light to be incident on the gas sample, the light resonates in the resonant cavity. Typically, the light source and resonator cavity in conjunction form a laser source which propagates coherent, monochromatic laser light energy through the gas sample. This causes Raman scattering from the gases constituent in the gas sample. The amount of Raman scattered light is measured at detectors along with light due to dark noise inherent in the detectors and glow from the laser source, i.e., light at wavelengths other than the laser light wavelength produced by the laser source. The resonator cavity is obstructed, via a ball inserted into the path of the laser beam for example, to prevent resonance. If the light source and resonant cavity in conjunction form a laser, prevention of resonance causes cessation of lasing. Thus, substantially no Raman scattering occurs and detectors measure light due primarily to background noise. The origin of the measurement scale for the detectors may then be set at the measured intensity, i.e., a zero-calibration level for the detectors may be determined.

Abstract translation: 用于确定零校准水平的拉曼光谱系统和方法。 气体样品室位于谐振腔内。 定位光源以使光入射到气体样品上，该光在谐振腔中共振。 通常，光源和谐振腔共同形成激光源，其通过气体样品传播相干的单色激光光能。 这导致来自气体样品中的气体成分的拉曼散射。 由于检测器固有的暗噪声和来自激光源的辉光，即激光源产生的激光波长以外的波长的光，在检测器处测量拉曼散射光的量。 通过例如插入激光束的路径中的球阻挡谐振腔，以防止共振。 如果光源和谐振腔结合形成激光，防止共振就会导致激光的停止。 因此，基本上不发生拉曼散射，并且检测器主要由背景噪声测量光。 然后可以将检测器的测量标尺的原点设置为测量的强度，即可以确定检测器的零校准水平。