摘要:
The present invention comprises a process for catalytic oxidative ammination of aromatic hydrocarbons which comprising contacting aromatic feedstock with oxidant, such as molecular oxygen, under suitable reaction conditions, in the presence of a catalyst comprising three essential components: a support; transition metal; and a mono- or binucleating ligand. In one embodiment of the invention the ligand comprises at least one nitro or nitroso group. In another embodiment, the ligand comprises a multidentate, chelating binuclear compound. The process is particularly suited, for example, to the one-step conversion of benzene to aniline.
摘要:
The presence of a base in the reaction mixture in a metal-ligand catalyzed partial oxidation of alkanes results in sustained catalyst activity, and in greater percent conversion as compared with oxidation in the absence of base, while maintaining satisfactory selectivity for the desired oxidation, for example the oxidation of isobutane to isobutanol.
摘要:
The invention comprises a method for the catalytic conversion of alkanes and alkylhydroperoxides to oxygenates, particularly alcohols, comprising the oxidation of alkanes to yield alkylhydroperoxides, alcohols, other reaction products and unreacted alkane, and the decomposition of said alkylhydroperoxides to form alcohols and oxygen. Decomposition of the alkylhydroperoxide in the presence of unreacted alkane increases the yield of alcohol. The process further comprises drying of the reaction mixture comprising alkylhydroperoxide. Suitable catalysts for the process of the invention comprise metal containing catalysts, including metal organic ligand catalysts such as unsubstituted and substituted metal complexes of porphyrins, phthalocyanines and acetylacetonates.
摘要:
Process and apparatus are provided for oxidation of oxidation of organic compounds in which a reaction zone is provided, containing an open space and a bed of solid granular catalyst, an organic feedstock and oxygen are passed in gas phase through the open space and then into contact with the catalyst bed, and reaction products are removed from the open space after relatively less contact with the catalyst, and from at least one other location after relatively greater contact with the catalyst. Greater yield of desired product may be obtained in such operation than in operation where all of the reaction products are removed after the greater contact with the catalyst.
摘要:
A process for the processing or upgrading of heavy oil fractions containing polynuclear aromatics is disclosed. The process comprises selectively oxidizing a feedstock under low severity conditions in a multi-phase system, wherein one phase is an aqueous and contains water-soluble catalyst, deoxygenating that product followed by hydroprocessing to yield a substantially mononuclear product.
摘要:
Alkanes are catalytically oxidized in air or oxygen using iron-substituted polyoxoanions (POAs) of the formula: H.sub.e-z �(n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9).sub.4 N!.sub.z (XM.sub.11 M'O.sub.39).sup.-eThe M' (e.g., iron(III)/iron(II)) reduction potential of the POAs is affected by selection of the central atom X and the framework metal M, and by the number of tetrabutyl-ammonium groups. Decreased Fe(III)/Fe(II) reduction potential has been found to correlate to increased oxidation activity.
摘要:
Alkanes are converted to unsaturated carboxylic acids by contacting an alkane with an oxidizing agent and a heteropolyacid or polyoxoanion comprising (1) at least 9 atoms of a first framework metal or metals comprising molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium or combinations thereof and (2) 1 to 3 atoms of a second framework metal or metals comprising zinc or a transition metal different from the first framework metal.
摘要:
The invention provides novel catalyst compositions, useful in the oxidation of hydrocarbons with air or oxygen to form hydroxy-group containing compounds and in the decomposition of hydroperoxides to form hydroxy-group containing compounds. The catalysts comprise transition metal complexes of a porphyrin ring having 1 to 12 halogen substituents on the porphyrin ring, at least one of said halogens being in a meso position and/or the catalyst containing no aryl group in a meso position. The compositions are prepared by halogenating a transition metal complex of a porphyrin. In one embodiment, a complex of a porphyrin with a metal whose porphyrin complexes are not active for oxidation of hydrocarbons is halogenated, thereby to obtain a haloporphyrin complex of that metal, the metal is removed from the haloporphyrin complex to obtain the free base form of the haloporphyrin, and a metal such as iron whose porphyrin complexes are active for oxidation of hydrocarbons and for the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides is complexed with the free base to obtain an active catalyst for oxidation of hydrocarbons and decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides.
摘要:
A sulfated solid catalyst is provided which comprises (1) oxide or hydroxide of Group III or Group IV element, e.g. zirconium, and (2) a first metal comprising a metal or combination of metals selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel, platinum and rhenium, and platinum and tin. The catalyst may further comprise (3) a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII elements, e.g. iron. One embodiment of the invention further comprises (4) a third metal selected from the group consisting of Group V, VI and VII elements, e.g. manganese. The catalyst of the invention is useful for the isomerization of normal alkanes having 4 to 40 carbon atoms per molecule, for the naphtha upgrading of a hydrocarbon feedstock and for the hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock.
摘要:
New compositions of matter comprise a metal from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium and palladium, a metal from the first row of Group VIII of the Periodic Table and a nonacidic L-zeolite. A preferred composition is Pt--Ni/KL-zeolite. Such catalysts are prepared by coimpregnation of the zeolite with the metals. Methods of using the catalysts in reforming, aromatization or dehydrogenation are provided.