Abstract:
A scintillation cuvette for measuring ionizing radiation, the scintillation cuvette includes: a light guide structure with a light guide wall having a first refractive index; a window having a second refractive index, the first refractive index being lower than the second refractive index; and a scintillation medium situated in the scintillation cuvette, having a predefined refractive index that is higher than the first refractive index.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an adjusting device for spatially adjusting the position of an object, comprising a plurality of plate elements which are arranged one over the other and which have radial guide structures that engage into one another at mutually facing sides, wherein at least one pair of movement plates and a pair of inclination plates are arranged on a base. The movement plates have a constant thickness, and the respective upper radial guide structures and lower radial guide structures of each movement plate are offset eccentrically relative to one another. The inclination plates have a variable thickness, and the respective upper radial guide structures and lower radial guide structures of each inclination plate are arranged concentrically to one another.
Abstract:
An electronic memristive device that has a complementary analog reconfigurable memristive bidirectional resistive switch. The device has a memristive layer sequence having a BFTO/BFO/BFTO three-ply layer and two electrodes. Titanium traps are arranged in the BFTO interfaces. As a result of mobile acid vacancies, the potential barriers at the interfaces of the electrodes with respect to the memristive layer sequence are in flexible form. By applying voltage pulses, the acid vacancies can be shifted from the interface with respect to the first electrode to the interface with respect to the second electrode, with raising of the potential barrier at one electrode bringing about complementary lowering of the potential barrier of the other electrode. The method for operating the device proposes adapted writing processes that use the overlaying of writing pulse sequences to achieve stipulation of a state pair of complementary resistor states. In conjunction with reading pulses of adapted polarity, the device can implement fuzzy logic and be operated as an artificial synapse with the realization of all four learning curves for complementary learning. A plurality of options for the use of the device are proposed.
Abstract:
An electrochemical cell assembly has electrochemical cells of large diameter and high storage capacity, making it particularly useful for stabilization of electric supply systems. The assembly includes at least one electrochemical cell composed of a layer of: a liquid metal or liquid metal alloy forming the cathode, a liquid electrolyte layer, and a layer of a liquid metal or liquid metalloid forming the anode. An electrically insulating inner tube is provided along the vertical axis of the assembly, the presence of which prevents the occurrence of the Tayler instability or other instabilities caused in the liquids by the current flow, and thus prevents the intermixing of the liquids. Another very efficient option for increasing the maximum current of the cell is that of conducting a current having a suitable direction and intensity through the interior of the inner tube.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a complementary resistor switch (3) comprising two outer contacts, between which two piezo- or ferroelectric layers (11a and 11b) having an inner common contact are situated. At least one region (11′, 11″) of the layers is modified, either the outer contacts are rectifying (S) and the inner contact is non-rectifying (O), or vice versa, the modified regions are formed at the rectifying contacts, the layers have different strain-dependent structural phases with different band gaps and/or different polarization charges, and the electrical conductivity of the layers is different. Also disclosed are a connectable resistor structure having at least one Schottky contact at two adjoining piezo- or ferroelectric layers, a polycrystalline piezo- or ferroelectric layer comprising modified crystallites, and a method and circuits for encrypting and decrypting a bit sequence.
Abstract:
A grid sensor for measuring the phase distribution of a multiphase substance mixture with gaseous and liquid components in the presence of a highly conductive phase (such as salt water or liquid metal) employs 3 superposed electrode planes and an electronic measuring device. Application areas include determination of the liquid distribution and the fill level in containers, as well as the investigation of gas-liquid multiphase flows, in particular in pipelines, e.g. in petroleum production and processing.
Abstract:
The invention is related to a method for monitoring a range of a particle beam in a target. The method is using gamma detectors for detecting prompt gammas produced in the target. The time differences between the time of detecting a gamma quantum and a time of emission of a particle or a bunch of particles from the radiation device are determined. A statistical distribution of those time difference is used to deduce information related to the range of the beam. The invention is also related to an apparatus for monitoring a range based on measured time profiles of detected prompt gammas.
Abstract:
The aim of the invention is to produce an x-ray computed tomography arrangement in which there is no axial offset between the path of the focal spot and the x-ray detector arc. Said aim is achieved by: —arranging the x-ray detector arc and the target around the examination cross-section within a radiation plane such that the x-ray focal spots generated by the deflected electron beam of the electron beam generator lie within an axial plane, the radiation plane, along with the active detector elements; —disposing the x-ray detector arc behind the target in a radial direction such that each imaginary x-ray extending from a focal spot position on the target to a detector element of the x-ray detector arc penetrates the target, which lies in front of the point of incidence on the x-ray detector arc in the direction of radiation, in the area in which the target and the x-ray detector arc angularly overlap; —producing the target from a target member which is preferably made of a material that has a low atomic number and great heat storage capacity or thermal conductance; —applying an electron-decelerating material layer, preferably made of a refractory material that has a high atomic number, to the side of the target member which faces the electron beam.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for measuring flow rates in liquid melts in a temperature range above 200 DEG C. using an ultrasonic generator and to an associated ultrasonic waveguide according to the ultrasonic Doppler method. The aim of the invention is to provide good signal incoupling and outcoupling. This is achieved by the preparation of the wettability of the end face of the ultrasonic waveguide before the measuring operation, subsequent direct incoupling of ultrasonic measuring signals into the melt at an angle that is not equal to 90 DEG, achieved by the immersion of the end face of the ultrasonic waveguide into the melt, outcoupling of the ultrasonic signals reflected in the melt via the end face of the ultrasonic waveguide and routing of said signals to an evaluation circuit. To prepare the wettability of the end face, the latter is mechanically and chemically cleaned and subsequently coated with a suitable material.
Abstract:
A device for information processing with a magnon reservoir made of a material with spontaneous magnetic order, in which two-dimensional quantized magnon states are present, an input unit and an output unit. The input unit is configured to generate an energy input provided with a temporal pattern in the magnon reservoir as input information, so that non-linear magnon scattering processes are excited, a resulting magnon spectrum being predetermined by the energy input provided with a temporal pattern and the three-dimensional dimensions of the magnon reservoir, and the output unit is configured to detect the resulting magnon spectrum as output information.