摘要:
The invention relates to a method for electro-catalytical hydrogenation of vat dyes and sulphide dyes in aqueous solutions, and to an apparatus for carrying out said method. The inventive method is suitable for batch operation and continuous operation. It works entirely without any reducing agents and provides a substantially salt-free dye concentrations of up to 200 g/l. The dyed threads are characterized by good friction qualities and by a high weaving yield. As far as waste water is concerned, no toxic load occurs and the salt loads are much lower, thereby enabling the waste water to be recycled in a substantially less complex manner in comparison with other conventional dye systems. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out said method.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the electrochemical reduction of vat and sulfur dyes in aqueous solutions, in steady-state conditions of reaction and a cycle which is largely free of reducing agents. The invention also relates to apparatus for carrying out said method. The steady-state conditions of reaction are obtained by means of a start reaction. The substances used for this reaction and the products resulting therefrom are extracted from the cycle. To maintain the cycle only dyes, an alkali and possibly small quantities of additional substances, such as surface-active agents, need to be added. No other chemicals active in the oxidation-reduction process are used.
摘要:
Formulations for dressing, dressing layers, dressed textile fibers and textile fabrics, and methods for dressing textile fibers and textile fabrics are provided. The textiles can receive, a plurality of times, active substances, or active ingredients, which can be deposited in a isotropic manner to the surrounding medium or in an anisotropic manner in a directly adjacent layer by means of a locally oriented material flow. The dressing layers are characterized by their ability to swell and to receive active substances. Polymer layers form nano pockets during swelling which can receive one or several guest molecules. The active substances can be deposited when the loaded textiles are worn and absorbed by the skin of the wearer, either cutaneously or percutaneously, to produce the desired effect.
摘要:
A method is provided for the application of a finishing layer to a textile support material. A water repellent or oil repellent layer, a so-called finishing layer, is applied to a textile support material selected from the group of fibers, tissues, and fabrics. The water repellent or oil repellent finishing layer comprises at least two water repellent or oil repellent components wherein a first component comprises one or more dispersants and a second component comprises one or more dispersed phases or colloids, and wherein the dispersant and the dispersed phase are present in the gel state.
摘要:
Methods for coating fibers and material to achieve particular properties such as water repellency, oil repellency and self-cleaning, are provided. These properties are achieved by pre-treating the fibers or material and subsequently coating with prepolymers and nanoparticles. The prepolymers are partly substituted with hydrocarbon groups or fluorocarbon groups. The nanoparticles may have surfaces treated with hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons. The prepolymers are fixed and hardened by irradiation with light of a wavelength in the UV or visible regions.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for oxidizing substances contained in sewage, a nozzle system, and a plant for carrying out this method. The method is characterized in that three radical chain circuits are superimposed, thus producing a continuous reaction chain which is maintained by incorporating a radical starter, a catalyst and oxygen into the sewage flow. The reaction is characterized in that the reaction partners are brought together via a nozzle system which creates unsteady flowing conditions. To reduce operational costs, the sewage is fed by the nozzle system to the autothermic reactor via a heat exchanger which is heated by the treated sewage flow. The method is characterized by its flexibility in treating different kinds of sewage flow of different concentrations. The advantages are, above all, the following: reduced sludge production, high biocompatibility of the residues to be transported, and low consumption of chemical substances. These advantages, combined with the autothermic nature of the reaction and the high degree of efficiency, result in an economic procedure for waste disposal.
摘要:
In order to prevent betulinic acid from crystallizing in a galenic preparation containing water, a plane tree cream in the form of a stable emulsion containing oil and water is proposed, which is characterized by a content of 2 to 10% by weight of a plane tree extract obtained from the bark of plane trees, 0.1 to 9.9% by weight of glycerol, 0.1 to 1.9% by weight of a gelatinizing agent and 5 to 15% by weight of a preservative. The plane tree extract used is obtained by extracting plane tree bark with a low alkanol. The plane tree cream is used for the topical treatment of the skin, including the mucous membranes.
摘要:
Tubular film die head (1) for extruding single-layer or multi-layer film which has at least the following features: a substantially annular die gap (11), fastening means which fix at least two components (5, 7, 8, 9) with respect to one another which together border areas (14) bearing plastic melt within the tubular film die head, coolant-carrying elements, where at least one part of the fastening elements (15) is structured as coolant-carrying elements (24).
摘要:
Two bearing sections pertaining to feelers on arms are maintained in engagement with journal axles of two rolls and a pair of transducer elements on the arms monitors therein distance from each other in representation of the roll gap. The arms can be pivoted out of the way in that the bearing sections are removed from between the axles.
摘要:
Tubular film die head for extruding single-layer or multi-layer film which has at least the following features: a substantially annular die gap, fastening elements which fix at least two components with respect to one another which together border areas bearing plastic melt within the tubular film die head, coolant-carrying elements. At least one part of the fastening elements is structured as coolant-carrying elements.