Abstract:
A TEM sample holder is formed from at least one nano-manipulator probe tip and a TEM sample holder pre-form. The probe tip is permanently attached to the TEM sample-holder pre-form to create a TEM sample holder before attachment of a sample to the probe tip inside a FIB. In the preferred embodiment the probe tip is attached to the TEM sample holder pre-form by applying pressure to the pre-form and the probe tip, so as to cause plastic flow of the pre-form material about the probe tip. The TEM sample holder may have smaller dimensions than the TEM sample holder pre-form; in this case the TEM sample holder is cut from the larger TEM sample holder pre-form, preferably in the same operation as attaching the probe tip.
Abstract:
We disclose an apparatus and method for detecting probe-tip contact with a surface, generally inside a focused ion-beam instrument, where the probe tip is attached to a capsule, and the capsule is movably secured in a probe shaft. There is a fiber-optic cable having a first end and a second end; a beam splitter having first and second output ports; and a light source connected to the beam splitter. The first output port of the beam splitter is connected to the first end of the fiber-optic cable, and the second output port of the beam splitter is connected to a photodiode. The second end of the fiber-optic cable has a mirror for reflecting incident light at approximately a ninety-degree angle to the axis of the optical path in the fiber-optic cable and onto the capsule, so that the intensity of the light reflected back from the capsule through the fiber-optic cable is proportional to the deflection of the capsule as the probe tip makes contact with the surface.
Abstract:
We disclose an apparatus and method for detecting probe-tip contact with a surface, generally inside a focused ion-beam instrument, where the probe tip is attached to a capsule, and the capsule is movably secured in a probe shaft. There is a fiber-optic cable having a first end and a second end; a beam splitter having first and second output ports; and a light source connected to the beam splitter. The first output port of the beam splitter is connected to the first end of the fiber-optic cable, and the second output port of the beam splitter is connected to a photodiode. The second end of the fiber-optic cable has a mirror for reflecting incident light at approximately a ninety-degree angle to the axis of the optical path in the fiber-optic cable and onto the capsule, so that the intensity of the light reflected back from the capsule through the fiber-optic cable is proportional to the deflection of the capsule as the probe tip makes contact with the surface.
Abstract:
An apparatus for testing flip-chip packages has a programmed computer, a test-engine stage for applying an impact to at least one package under test, and a monitoring stage. The test-engine stage causes an impact on the package on the side opposite its ball-grid array. The test-engine stage has actuators connected to the test-engine stage and the computer, for moving and aligning the test-engine stage. The monitoring stage has a digital camera connected to the computer for transmitting digital images from the ball-grid array side of the package to the computer. A microscope is preferably connected to the digital camera. A sample stage located between the test-engine stage and the monitoring stage holds the package under test. The sample stage has an acoustic transducer capable of being removably connected to the package under test. The acoustic transducer is connected to the computer for transmitting signals from the acoustic transducer to the computer.
Abstract:
An apparatus for performing automated in-situ lift-out of a sample from a specimen includes a computer having a memory with computer-readable instructions, a stage for a specimen and a nano-manipulator. The stage and the nano-manipulator are controlled by motion controllers connected to the computer. The nano-manipulator has a probe tip for attachment to samples excised from the specimen. The computer-readable instructions include instructions to cause the stage motion controllers and the nano-manipulator motion controllers, as well as an ion-beam source, to automatically perform in-situ lift-out of a sample from the specimen.
Abstract:
A one-piece tube for use as a watertube within a watertube boiler or heat exchanger has a free end section that is formed to have an integral, outward-extending circumferential ring, or flange, a spaced distance from an adjacent end face of the tube. This is preferably accomplished by radially expanding the tube within the free end section and by axially compressing the free end section to cause a portion of the tube to bulge radially outward to from the circumferential ring, or flange. The flange enables the watertube to be readily driven into engagement with a dome, manifold or like casting without the creation of leaks, such as weld leaks. The free end section of the tube that extends from the circumferential ring, or flange, to the adjacent end face of the tube can be formed with a taper such that the diameter of an outer wall of the tube progressively decreases from the circumferential ring, or flange, to the end face. A boiler or heat exchanger having the above described watertube and a method of assembly are also provided.
Abstract:
The invention provides methods for the in situ production of hydrogen and for the synthesis of high value/energy chemical products from low value/energy organic material.
Abstract:
A hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine coupled to a combined starter/motor/generator which is, in turn, coupled to a transmission of the vehicle. The starter/motor/generator is coupled to a high voltage battery pack via an inverter and to a deployable power output panel for serving loads external to the vehicle. Whenever external loads are to be powered, a control unit automatically places the vehicle in PARK, or alternatively activates an electrical parking brake system to hold the vehicle stationary.
Abstract:
A sensor has a plurality of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based conductors operatively positioned on a substrate. The conductors are arranged side-by-side, such as in a substantially parallel relationship to one another. At least one pair of spaced-apart electrodes is coupled to opposing ends of the conductors. A portion of each of the conductors spanning between each pair of electrodes comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged end-to-end and substantially aligned along an axis. Because a direct correlation exists between the resistance of a carbon nanotube and its strain, changes experienced by the portion of the structure to which the sensor is coupled induce a corresponding change in the electrical properties of the conductors, thereby enabling detection of crack growth in the structure.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a procedure used in the overall treatment of a patient who is identified at birth as having an elevated risk of a previously unidentified disorder and method of using a data system to assist in the procedure. In a preferred embodiment, the procedure involves, at the birth of the patient, making a first time determination that the patient is at an elevated risk of a previously unidentified disorder based on a metric of some type. If it is determined by a medical professional, based upon the metric, that the patient has an elevated risk for a previously unidentified disorder that could benefit from treatment using the patient's own cord blood stem cells, the cord blood stem cells of the patient are collected at birth. After this collection, the collected cord blood stem cells of the patient are available for the subsequent use on the patient at an appropriate time.