公开(公告)号：US07162536B1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-09

申请号：US09597974

申请日：2000-06-20

申请人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon ,  Malcolm Betts

发明人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon ,  Malcolm Betts

IPC分类号： H04L9/00

CPC分类号： H04L1/245 ,  H04J3/14 ,  H04J3/1611 ,  H04J2203/006 ,  H04J2203/0089 ,  H04J2203/0096 ,  H04L1/004

摘要： An OP-N connection is mapped through a communications network between first and second end-nodes via at least one intermediate node. The integrity and validity of the OP-N connection can be determined independently of SONET/SDH lines, sections or paths mapped through the network, and potentially utilizing bandwidth of the OP-N connection. Validation of the OP-N connection can be accomplished by inserting performance monitor (PM) information into a data signal at the first end-node. In some embodiments, the PM information is inserted into an unused portion of the transport overhead (TOH) of a SONET/SDH data signal. At each intermediate node between the first and second end-nodes, the PM information is extracted from the data signal, buffered while the data signal is pointer processed, and the reinserted before forwarding the data signal. Finally, a the second end-point, the PM information is extracted and examined. Multiple levels of OP-N connections are supported, with each level being provided with a respective set of PM information.

摘要翻译： 通过至少一个中间节点通过第一和第二终端节点之间的通信网络映射OP-N连接。 可以独立于通过网络映射的SONET / SDH线路，部分或路径以及潜在地利用OP-N连接的带宽来确定OP-N连接的完整性和有效性。 可以通过将性能监视（PM）信息插入到第一个终端节点的数据信号来实现OP-N连接的验证。 在一些实施例中，将PM信息插入SONET / SDH数据信号的传输开销（TOH）的未使用部分。 在第一和第二终端之间的每个中间节点处，从数据信号中提取PM信息，缓冲数据信号被指针处理，并在转发数据信号之前重新插入。 最后，在第二个终点，提取和检查PM信息。 支持多层次的OP-N连接，每级都提供相应的一组PM信息。

公开(公告)号：US07197031B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-27

申请号：US09992410

申请日：2001-11-26

申请人： Malcolm Betts ,  Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon

发明人： Malcolm Betts ,  Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon

IPC分类号： H04Q11/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0478 ,  H04J3/0623 ,  H04J3/1611 ,  H04J2203/0003 ,  H04J2203/0014 ,  Y10S370/907

摘要： A serial data stream is mapped through a cross-connect via two or more parallel independent shelves. The serial data stream is split into at least two sub-streams. If the lead frame of a sub-stream contains a concatenation indicator, it is replaced by a valid payload pointer, and a spilt indicator is inserted into the frame. Each of the sub-streams is then mapped through the cross-connect via a respective parallel independent shelf. Finally, the sub-streams are recombined to form an output serial data stream equivalent to the original serial data stream. If the lead frame of a sub-stream contains a split indicator, a concatenation indicator is inserted into the corresponding frame of the output serial data stream to restore the concatenation of the original serial data stream. Otherwise, a payload pointer within the lead frame is replaced by a valid payload pointer in the corresponding frame of the output data stream.

摘要翻译： 串行数据流通过两个或更多个并行独立的架子通过交叉连接进行映射。 串行数据流被分成至少两个子流。 如果子流的引导帧包含级联指示符，则将其替换为有效的有效载荷指针，并将溢出的指示符插入到该帧中。 然后通过交叉连接经由相应的并行独立搁架映射每个子流。 最后，子流被重组以形成等同于原始串行数据流的输出串行数据流。 如果子流的引导帧包含分离指示符，则将串联指示符插入到输出串行数据流的相应帧中，以恢复原始串行数据流的级联。 否则，引导帧内的有效载荷指针将被输出数据流的相应帧中的有效载荷指针所取代。

公开(公告)号：US07065103B1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-20

申请号：US09552593

申请日：2000-04-19

申请人： Ronald J. Gagnon ,  Kim B. Roberts

发明人： Ronald J. Gagnon ,  Kim B. Roberts

IPC分类号： H04J3/24 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04Q11/04

CPC分类号： H04J3/0629 ,  H04J3/1611 ,  H04L25/14

摘要： A signal processor is adapted for aligning two or more hyper-concatenated data streams, each data stream being conveyed within a respective parallel channel and having substantially equivalent bit and frame rates. The signal processor comprises a respective channel processor for each channel for processing a respective data stream. Each channel processor includes a framer, a memory, an interface, and an output timer. The framer generates a local strobe signal indicative of a timing of incoming frames of the respective data stream. The memory buffers incoming bits of the respective data stream. The interface selectively sends the local strobe signal to, and receives a master strobe signal from, an adjacent channel processor. The output timer controls a timing of outgoing bits of the respective data stream based on a selected one of the local and master strobe signals.

摘要翻译： 信号处理器适于对准两个或多个超级连接的数据流，每个数据流在相应的并行通道内被传送并且具有基本相同的位和帧速率。 信号处理器包括用于处理相应数据流的每个通道的相应通道处理器。 每个通道处理器包括成帧器，存储器，接口和输出定时器。 成帧器产生指示相应数据流的输入帧的定时的本地选通信号。 存储器缓冲相应数据流的输入位。 接口选择性地将本地选通信号发送到相邻信道处理器并从其接收主选通信号。 输出定时器基于所选择的本地和主选通信号之一控制相应数据流的输出位的定时。

公开(公告)号：US07257117B2

公开(公告)日：2007-08-14

申请号：US10124235

申请日：2002-04-18

申请人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon ,  Paul A. Smeulders ,  Manoj Verghese ,  Roland A. Smith ,  Nazib A. Moledina

发明人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon ,  Paul A. Smeulders ,  Manoj Verghese ,  Roland A. Smith ,  Nazib A. Moledina

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04J3/1629 ,  H04J3/1611

摘要： A synchronizer/de-synchronizer maps continuous format signals of an arbitrary rate into frames of pre-selected single common rate, such as SONET frames, with no bits changed and very little jitter or wander added. In this way, the continuous format signal may be carried transparently as a tributary of a SONET network. Each frame comprises a definite number of fixed stuff bits, including transport overhead bits and reminder fixed stuff bits. A frame also comprises an adjustable number of adaptive stuff bits, resulting from the phase difference between the arbitrary rate and the common rate. A mapping function is performed in a tributary unit shelf of a SONET transport shelf, and the reverse mapping function is performed in a similar way at the far end of a SONET connection. The stuff bits are spread uniformly within the frame.

摘要翻译： 同步器/去同步器将任意速率的连续格式信号映射到预先选择的单个公共速率的帧，例如SONET帧，而不改变位，并且添加非常小的抖动或漂移。 以这种方式，连续格式信号可以作为SONET网络的支路透明地携带。 每个帧包括一定数量的固定填充位，包括传输开销位和提醒固定填充位。 帧还包括可调数量的自适应填充位，由任意速率和公共速率之间的相位差产生。 在SONET传输架的支路单元架中执行映射功能，并且以类似的方式在SONET连接的远端执行反向映射功能。 填充位在帧内均匀分布。

公开(公告)号：US06959019B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-25

申请号：US09789559

申请日：2001-02-22

申请人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon

发明人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon

IPC分类号： H03M13/27 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04J3/04

CPC分类号： H04L1/0071 ,  H03M13/27 ,  H03M13/2921 ,  H03M13/6561 ,  H04L1/0041 ,  H04L1/0045

摘要： Multiple sub-streams are aharmonicaly interleaved into a high speed data signal by interleaving successive blocks of data from each sub-stream into the high-speed data signal using a predetermined interleaving pattern that is different for two consecutive sequences of N (an integer >2) blocks of data within the high-speed data signal. The resulting irregular distribution of bits of each sub-stream within the high speed data signal reduces the probability that error bursts due to low frequency noise will be localized in one or more of the recovered sub-stream extracted from the high speed data signal. This improved distribution of bit errors across the sub-streams reduces bit error rates in the most highly errored sub-streams, and thereby enables an increase in signal reach.

摘要翻译： 通过使用针对N（整数2）的两个连续序列不同的预定交织模式，将来自每个子流的连续数据块交织到高速数据信号中，将多个子流以非共同的方式交错成高速数据信号 ）高速数据信号中的数据块。 高速数据信号中每个子流的比特的不规则分布减少了由于低频噪声导致的错误突发将被定位在从高速数据信号提取的一个或多个恢复的子流中的概率。 这种改进的子流中的位错误分布减少了最高错误子流中的误码率，从而使信号范围增加。

公开(公告)号：US07023942B1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-04

申请号：US09972686

申请日：2001-10-09

申请人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon ,  James A. Shields

发明人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon ,  James A. Shields

IPC分类号： H04L7/00

CPC分类号： H04J3/0647 ,  H04J3/076 ,  H04J2203/0089

摘要： Synchronization and desynchronization of a data signal transported in a synchronous frame across a synchronous communications network, such as SONET/SDH, reduces waiting-time jitter. A timing estimate (F) indicative of a relationship between a data rate (f1) of the data signal and a reference frequency (f2) of the synchronous communications network is calculated and communicated through the synchronous communications network, for example in the Synchronous Payload Envelope of a SONET frame. The data signal is recovered using a desynchronizer Phase-Locked Loop steered by the timing estimate (F). The timing estimate (F) can be any one or more of: a ratio between the data rate (f1) and the reference frequency (f2); a difference between the data rate (f1) and the reference frequency (f2); and a phase difference between a recovered data clock signal associated with the data rate (f1) and a reference clock signal associated with the reference frequency (f2).

摘要翻译： 通过同步通信网络（如SONET / SDH）在同步帧中传输的数据信号的同步和去同步减少了等待时间抖动。 计算表示数据信号的数据速率（f 1）与同步通信网络的参考频率（f 2）之间的关系的定时估计（F），并通过同步通信网络进行通信，例如在同步通信网络 有效载荷SONET框架的信封。 使用由定时估计（F）控制的去同步器锁相环来恢复数据信号。 定时估计（F）可以是数据速率（f 1）和参考频率（f 2）之间的比率中的任何一个或多个; 数据速率（f 1）和参考频率（f 2）之间的差异; 以及与数据速率（f 1）相关联的恢复的数据时钟信号与与参考频率（f 2）相关联的参考时钟信号之间的相位差。

公开(公告)号：US06975649B1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-13

申请号：US09577814

申请日：2000-05-25

申请人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon

发明人： Kim B. Roberts ,  Ronald J. Gagnon

IPC分类号： H04J3/16 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J3/04

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 ,  H04J3/1611 ,  H04Q2011/0064 ,  H04Q2011/0073 ,  H04Q2011/0086

摘要： A concatenated signal carrying an arbitrary mix of concatenated data traffic is split and transported across a network between a start node and an end node through a hyper-concatenated connection set up through independent pointer processor state machines. At a start node, the concatenated optical signal is split into two or more hyper-concatenated data streams. If a split occurs at a frame within a concatenated signal, the start node replaces a concatenation indicator of the frame with a payload pointer from a first frame of the concatenated signal and inserts a split indicator in the SS bits of the frame overhead. At an end node, the hyper-concatenated data streams are recombined to recover the original concatenated signal. Frames containing split indicators are modified to remove the split indicator and to replace the payload pointer with a concatenation indicator.

摘要翻译： 携带任意混合的级联数据业务的级联信号通过独立指针处理器状态机设置的超级联连接，在起始节点和结束节点之间的网络上被分离和传输。 在起始节点处，级联的光信号被分成两个或更多个超级连接的数据流。 如果分裂发生在级联信号中的帧处，则起始节点用来自级联信号的第一帧的有效负载指针替换帧的级联指示符，并将分割指示符插入到帧开销的SS位中。 在结束节点，超级联数据流被重组以恢复原来的级联信号。 修改包含拆分指示符的框架以删除拆分指示符，并使用级联指示符替换有效负载指针。

公开(公告)号：US11239929B1

公开(公告)日：2022-02-01

申请号：US17203332

申请日：2021-03-16

申请人： Ramin Babaee ,  Shahab Oveis Gharan ,  Martin Bouchard ,  Kim B. Roberts

发明人： Ramin Babaee ,  Shahab Oveis Gharan ,  Martin Bouchard ,  Kim B. Roberts

IPC分类号： H04B3/46 ,  H04B17/318

摘要： A receiver is configured to detect, at a communication interface, a received signal that suffers from degradations incurred over a communication channel. The receiver applies an adaptive filter to a series of received blocks of a digital representation of the received signal, thereby generating respective filtered blocks, where each received block represents 2N frequency bins, and where N is a positive integer. The receiver calculates coefficients for use by the adaptive filter on a jth received block as a function of (i) error estimates associated with an (j−D−1)th filtered block, where D is a positive integer representing a number of blocks, and where j is a positive integer greater than (D−1); and (ii) an inverse of an approximate covariance matrix associated with the (j−D−1)th received block, where the approximate covariance matrix is a diagonal matrix of size L×L, and where L is a positive integer lower than 2N.

公开(公告)号：US11233568B1

公开(公告)日：2022-01-25

申请号：US17090135

申请日：2020-11-05

申请人： Shahab Oveis Gharan ,  Ramin Babaee ,  Martin Bouchard ,  Kim B. Roberts

发明人： Shahab Oveis Gharan ,  Ramin Babaee ,  Martin Bouchard ,  Kim B. Roberts

IPC分类号： H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/2507 ,  H04B10/2569 ,  H04B10/67 ,  H04B10/532 ,  H04B10/69

摘要： A receiver is configured to detect, at a communication interface, a received signal that suffers from degradations incurred over a communication channel. The receiver applies an adaptive filter to a series of received blocks of a digital representation of the received signal, thereby generating respective filtered blocks. The receiver calculates coefficients for use by the adaptive filter on an jth received block as a function of (i) error estimates associated with an (j−D−1)th filtered block, where D is a positive integer representing a number of blocks, and where j is a positive integer greater than (D−1); and (ii) delay compensation terms dependent on an estimate of a difference between coefficients used by the adaptive filter on an (j−D−1)th received block and coefficients used by the adaptive filter on an (j−1)th received block

公开(公告)号：US11082157B2

公开(公告)日：2021-08-03

申请号：US16666520

申请日：2019-10-29

申请人： Andrew D. Shiner ,  Shahab Oveis Gharan ,  Michael Hubbard ,  Kim B. Roberts

发明人： Andrew D. Shiner ,  Shahab Oveis Gharan ,  Michael Hubbard ,  Kim B. Roberts

IPC分类号： H04L1/00 ,  H04W24/08

摘要： A system is configured to measure a forward error correction (FEC) decoding property associated with applying FEC decoding to FEC-encoded bits or symbols at a receiver device deployed in a communication network. The system is further configured to provide an assessment of operating conditions of the receiver device based on the FEC decoding property. In one example, the FEC decoding property comprises a distribution of a number of iterations of a FEC decoding operation applied to a plurality of FEC blocks processed within a period of time. In some examples, the FEC decoding property comprises any one of heat, temperature, current, voltage, active clock cycles, idle clock cycles, activity of parallel engines, activity of pipeline stages, and input or output buffer fill level of the FEC decoding. In some examples, the assessment is based on a comparison between the FEC decoding property and reference FEC data.