Abstract:
Provided are a method of arraying cells at a single-cell level effectively, simply and economically, a method of analyzing cells using the same, and a cell analysis chip used for carrying out the same. To this end, a microfluidic channel having well structures is formed, and a cell solution containing cells is then introduced into the fluidic channel. Thereafter, the cell solution recedes in the microfluidic channel, thus providing a method of arraying cells in the well structures at a single-cell level, a method of analyzing cells using the same, and a cell analysis chip used for carrying out the same. With only very small amount of samples, it is possible to arraying the cells at a single-cell level very simply and economically without an additional apparatus or power. Accordingly, responsiveness such as response intensity of each cell upon an analysis reagent can be observed and the analysis can be made at a single-cell level. That is, it is possible to enhance the reliability of the cell analysis notably and improve the efficiency and accuracy of an individual cell analysis remarkably, so that these methods and cell analysis chip can be widely applied to the whole bio industries.
Abstract:
A nonvolatile memory device includes a semiconductor substrate, a device isolation layer, a tunnel insulation layer, a floating gate, a buried floating gate, and a control gate. A trench is in the substrate that defines an active region of the substrate adjacent to the trench. A device isolation layer is on the substrate along the trench. A tunnel insulation layer is on the active region of the substrate. A floating gate is on the tunnel insulation layer opposite to the active region of the substrate. A buried floating gate is on the device isolation layer in the trench. An intergate dielectric layer is on and extends across the floating gate and the buried floating gate. A control gate is on the intergate dielectric layer and extends across the floating gate and the buried floating gate.
Abstract:
Provided is a channel estimation apparatus and method. In the channel estimation apparatus, a channel estimator performs channel estimation onto a received symbol and output a channel estimation result. The channel estimation result is stored in an estimation buffer along with a channel estimation result compensated in a preamble phase compensator. The preamble phase compensator receives a channel estimation result for pilot subcarriers of a data symbol and a preamble channel estimation result from the estimation buffer, acquires a phase rotation value between them, and compensates the preamble channel estimation result with the phase rotation value. When FCH and DL-MAP are demodulated, pilot subcarriers in the Nth PUSC symbol have been used to estimate the channel of the Nth PUSC symbol.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for processing time windowing to transmit a signal in a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) communication system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). A signal of a first interval included in a previous symbol prior to a current symbol is stored as a signal of a previous symbol interval. The current symbol includes a guard interval and an effective symbol interval subsequent to the guard interval. The current symbol is windowed by overlapping the stored signal of the first interval with a signal of a second interval included in the current symbol subsequent to the previous symbol. A windowed signal is transmitted.
Abstract:
In the power saving, a method for saving power at a receiver of a mobile communication system includes acquiring Carrier to Interference plus Noise Ratio (CINR) and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) information required by the receiver; determining the number of Least Significant Bits (LSBs) to hold based on the CINR and MCS information; and holding LSBs of the determined number of the bits in received information.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a code recognition voice-outputting device, in which a digital code image of a predetermined compression type is recognized, and the recognized image is converted into voice to be output to the outside. The apparatus includes a reader as a scanning unit for recognizing a compressed digital code image, and a player for processing the digital code image read from the reader, and converting the processed code image into voice to be output to the outside, wherein the reader and the player are configured to be capable of being separated from each other. The present invention further provides a code recognition voice-outputting device which supports a variety of functions and provides a voice guide function for all menus and operating statuses that support the functions for the sake of eyesight handicapped, illiterates, the aged, etc., thereby promoting user convenience.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for estimating a channel in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is provided. The apparatus and method includes estimating a channel corresponding to a pilot of a received signal, performing a first estimation on a data channel by performing time-domain linear interpolation on pilots of previous and next symbols of the pilot using the channel estimate, performing Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filtering on the channel estimate and the data channel estimate of the pilots of the previous and next symbols of the pilot, and performing a second estimation on the data channel by performing frequency-domain linear interpolation on a remaining zone which excludes the pilot and the zone that underwent the first estimation.
Abstract:
Provided is a channel estimation apparatus and method. In the channel estimation apparatus, a channel estimator performs channel estimation onto a received symbol and output a channel estimation result. The channel estimation result is stored in an estimation buffer along with a channel estimation result compensated in a preamble phase compensator. The preamble phase compensator receives a channel estimation result for pilot subcarriers of a data symbol and a preamble channel estimation result from the estimation buffer, acquires a phase rotation value between them, and compensates the preamble channel estimation result with the phase rotation value. When FCH and DL-MAP are demodulated, pilot subcarriers in the Nth PUSC symbol have been used to estimate the channel of the Nth PUSC symbol.
Abstract:
In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, channel estimates of pilot subcarriers in a current input symbol are input, and time domain channel estimation for data subcarriers positioned between adjacent pilot subcarriers is performed by linear interpolating channel estimates of the adjacent pilot subcarriers associated with each of the pilot subcarriers in the current input symbol during a time interval of the current input symbol.