Abstract:
In accordance with various embodiments, there is a method of making a polyester. The method can include providing a monomer solution, the monomer solution including one or more cyclic esters in a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 100% and one or more solvents in a concentration ranging from about 99% to about 0%. The method of making a polyester can also include providing a packed-bed reactor including one or more immobilized enzymes, wherein the packed-bed reactor has an inlet and an outlet. The method can further include circulating the monomer solution through the packed-bed reactor to generate a solution enriched with polyester, such that the one or more immobilized enzymes convert the one or more cyclic esters to polyester in the packed-bed reactor during circulation and collecting the solution enriched with polyester exiting through the outlet.
Abstract:
A branched polyester suitable for use in solvent-free emulsification, the branched polyester having a first original weight average molecular weight before undergoing solvent-free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after undergoing solvent-free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure that limits degradation of the polyester during solvent-free emulsification to less than about 20 percent of the first original weight average molecular weight, wherein the branched polyester comprises a compound of the formula described.
Abstract:
A method for producing a photochromic polyester, the method including: a) providing a reaction solution having at least one ester monomer, a photochromic compound having or functionalized to have at least one hydroxyl group, and a metal-free catalyst; b) reacting the at least one ester monomer and the photochromic compound using the metal-free catalyst to produce a polymeric product, where the polymeric product has a photochromic polyester; and c) separating the polymeric product from the reaction solution. A photochromic polyester includes a photochromic compound covalently linked to a polyester and the polyester is obtained by polymerizing a lactone.
Abstract:
A branched polyester suitable for use in solvent-free emulsification, the branched polyester having a first original weight average molecular weight before undergoing solvent-free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after undergoing solvent-free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure that limits degradation of the polyester during solvent-free emulsification to less than about 20 percent of the first original weight average molecular weight, wherein the branched polyester comprises a compound of the formula described.
Abstract:
In accordance with various embodiments, there is a method of making a polyester. The method can include providing a monomer solution, the monomer solution including one or more cyclic esters in a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 100% and one or more solvents in a concentration ranging from about 99% to about 0%. The method of making a polyester can also include providing a packed-bed reactor including one or more immobilized enzymes, wherein the packed-bed reactor has an inlet and an outlet. The method can further include circulating the monomer solution through the packed-bed reactor to generate a solution enriched with polyester, such that the one or more immobilized enzymes convert the one or more cyclic esters to polyester in the packed-bed reactor during circulation and collecting the solution enriched with polyester exiting through the outlet.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides for enzymatic polymerization to produce polyester resins suitable for use in manufacturing toners. In embodiments, crystalline copolymers, which are polyesters, may be synthesized from lactones, cyclic anhydrides, cyclic carbonates, and combinations thereof. These crystalline copolymers, in turn, may be utilized in the synthesis of toner particles.
Abstract:
A custom color toner production system includes a toner delivery system, a cartridge sealing system, a mixing system, and a packaging system. The toner delivery system includes selectively engageable fluid delivery lines for delivering toner of particular color to a cartridge as need for producing a custom color toner in response to an electronically submitted user request. Cartridge containing the unmixed delivered toner may be sealed by a sealing system, and blended using a resonant mixer to produce a custom color toner. The cartridge containing the mixed custom color toner may be packaged using a packaging system.
Abstract:
A screw extruder is presented including a feed hopper for receiving materials and a body member having at least one supply port and at least one outlet port. The screw extruder also includes a screw positioned within the body member and movable along a channel defining a longitudinal axis. The screw extruder further includes a drive shaft for rotatably driving the screw along the channel. The screw extruder may be configured to mix the materials received via the feed hopper with a series of one or more forward, neutral, and reverse kneading elements.
Abstract:
A process for making emulsion aggregation (EA) toners is provided. In embodiments, the process comprises aggregating a mixture comprising a latex resin, and at least one colorant in a reactor to form aggregated toner particles, adding a shell resin to form a shell over the aggregated toner particles, coalescing the aggregated toner particles, and recovering the toner particles.
Abstract:
The present teachings describe an apparatus for mixing developer. The apparatus includes a first loader for dispensing a predetermined amount of toner particles into a container and a second loader for dispensing a predetermined amount and carrier particles in the container. A sealer seals the container. An acoustic mixer is provided for mixing the container, toner particles and carrier particles at a resonant frequency. A method of mixing developer is disclosed.