Abstract:
A cathode layer and a membrane electrode assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell are provided. The cathode layer consists of a plurality of perovskite crystal films, and the average change rate of linear thermal expansion coefficients of these perovskite crystal films is about 5% to 40% along the thickness direction. The membrane electrode assembly includes the above-mentioned cathode layer, and the linear thermal expansion coefficients of these perovskite crystal films are reduced towards the solid electrolyte layer of the membrane electrode assembly.
Abstract:
A urea concentration identification method is provided. By providing an identical sine-wave AC signal to each of the urea concentration identification devices placed in urea solutions of different concentrations, different impedance values are output by the urea concentration identification devices since the urea solutions of different concentrations have different electrical interactions with the electrodes of the urea concentration identification device. Differences of the impedance output by the urea concentration identification device function as a data set for determining the concentration of the urea solution to be determined.
Abstract:
A cathode layer and a membrane electrode assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell are provided. The cathode layer consists of a plurality of perovskite crystal films, and the average change rate of linear thermal expansion coefficients of these perovskite crystal films is about 5% to 40% along the thickness direction. The membrane electrode assembly includes the above-mentioned cathode layer, and the linear thermal expansion coefficients of these perovskite crystal films are reduced towards the solid electrolyte layer of the membrane electrode assembly.
Abstract:
A liquid concentration detecting device including a first substrate, a first temperature sensing element and a concentration sensor is provided. The first temperature sensing element and the concentration sensor are respectively disposed on opposite first surface and second surface of the first substrate. The concentration sensor includes a second substrate, a porous element, a heating element and a second temperature sensing element. The second substrate is disposed above the second surface. A portion of the liquid flows into the concentration sensor through the porous element, and the heating element heats the liquid in the concentration sensor. The second temperature sensing element measures the temperature variation of the liquid in the concentration sensor. The measured temperature and the temperature variation are compared to deduce a concentration of the liquid under detection.
Abstract:
A urea concentration identification device and a urea concentration identification method are provided. By providing an identical sine-wave AC signal to each of the urea concentration identification devices placed in urea solutions of different concentrations, different impedance values are output by the urea concentration identification devices since the urea solutions of different concentrations have different electrical interactions with the electrodes of the urea concentration identification device. Differences of the impedance output by the urea concentration identification device function as a data set for determining the concentration of the urea solution to be determined.
Abstract:
A method of forming low-k material is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of core-shell particles. The core of the core-shell particles has a first ceramic with a low melting point. The shell of the core-shell particles has a second ceramic with a low melting point and a low dielectric constant. The core-shell particles are sintered and molded to form a low-k material. The shell of the core-shell particles is connected to form a network structure of a microcrystal phase.
Abstract:
A precursor structure is provided. The precursor structure has the following chemical formula:
(
La 2
Zr
2 - x
M x
O 7
)
·
1 2
(
La
2 - y
M y ′
O 3
)
,
wherein M is a trivalent ion or a pentavalent ion, M′ is a bivalent ion, x=0-1, y=0-1.5, and the precursor structure includes a pyrochlore phase. Since the pyrochlore phase may be transformed into the garnet phase through a lithiation process and the phase transition temperature is lower (e.g., 500-1000° C.), the precursor structure may be co-fired with the cathode material (e.g., lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)) to form a thin lamination structure. That is, the thickness of the solid electrolyte may be effectively reduced, thereby improving the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte ion battery.
Abstract:
A urea concentration identification method is provided. By providing an identical sine-wave AC signal to each of the urea concentration identification devices placed in urea solutions of different concentrations, different impedance values are output by the urea concentration identification devices since the urea solutions of different concentrations have different electrical interactions with the electrodes of the urea concentration identification device. Differences of the impedance output by the urea concentration identification device function as a data set for determining the concentration of the urea solution to be determined.
Abstract:
A liquid concentration detecting device including a first substrate, a first temperature sensing element and a concentration sensor is provided. The first temperature sensing element and the concentration sensor are respectively disposed on opposite first surface and second surface of the first substrate. The concentration sensor includes a second substrate, a porous element, a heating element and a second temperature sensing element. The second substrate is disposed above the second surface. A portion of the liquid flows into the concentration sensor through the porous element, and the heating element heats the liquid in the concentration sensor. The second temperature sensing element measures the temperature variation of the liquid in the concentration sensor. The measured temperature and the temperature variation are compared to deduce a concentration of the liquid under detection.