Abstract:
An image reading apparatus includes a body; a circuit board fixed to the body; a light emitter disposed on a first surface of the circuit board, the light emitter emitting light with which a document is irradiated; a light guide disposed opposite the circuit board with the light emitter therebetween, the light emitted from the light emitter passing through the light guide; an urging unit; a supporting unit fixed to the body; and a pressing unit. The pressing unit includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is pressed in a direction from the light emitter toward the light guide as a result of receiving a force from the urging unit. The second portion presses the light guide against the light emitter as a result of receiving a reaction force from the supporting unit when the first portion is pressed.
Abstract:
A method for evaluating semiconductor layers includes irradiating semiconductor layers on a substrate with light; measuring an optical spectrum peculiar to excitons in the semiconductor layers; and analyzing a broadening factor of optical spectral features of the optical spectrum. The method provides a quick measurement of a surface state of the semiconductor layers with high accuracy.
Abstract:
An image reading apparatus includes a light source that irradiates a document with light, the light source including a multilayer substrate and light emitting elements linearly arranged on a first surface of the multilayer substrate; and a light receiver that receives reflected light reflected from the document. The multilayer substrate has at least a pair of through holes each having an inner surface on which a reinforcement member is formed, the at least a pair of through holes being formed so that one of the light emitting elements is interposed therebetween. The reinforcement members contact wiring formed on the first surface of the multilayer substrate and wiring formed on a second surface of the multilayer substrate opposite the first surface.
Abstract:
An image reading apparatus includes: a light emitting element array that includes plural light emitting elements arranged in line in a first scan direction of a document; a guiding unit that guides light entering from the light emitting element array, and that emits the light toward a reading position of the document while diffusing the light; a light receiving unit that receives reflected light from the reading position irradiated with the light from the light emitting element array through the guiding unit; and a scan unit that moves the reading position of the document in a second scan direction, the reading position being a position read by the light receiving unit.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device comprises an AlN layer, a GaN layer, and an AlGaN layer sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate. A first opening extends through said GaN layer and said AlGaN layer and exposes part of an upper surface of the AlN layer. A second opening extends through the semiconductor substrate and exposes a part of a lower surface of the AlN layer, in a location facing the first opening. A upper electrode is exposed on an upper surface of the AlN layer in the first opening; and a lower electrode is disposed on a lower surface of the AlN layer in the second opening.
Abstract:
In a measuring apparatus for a semiconductor multiple layer structure, a spectrometer disperses light from a sample for measurement of the photoluminescence spectrum or disperses probe light to irradiate the sample for the measurement of the reflection spectrum. A controller makes a guide member guide the white light to the spectrometer and acquire electric signals from a first detector for the measurement of the reflection spectrum, and makes the guide member guide the light from the spectrometer to a second detector to acquire electric signals for the measurement of the photoluminescence spectrum.
Abstract:
A polyester having a good color tone can be obtained by using, as an ester-forming component, a compound derived from an organophosphorous composition comprising an organophosphorous compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 represent an organic group or a halogen atom, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 4, provided that R1 and R2 may be the same or different when m or n is an integer of 2 to 4, and a divalent metallic compound in an amount more than 30 ppm and not more than 2300 ppm in terms of a divalent metal based on the organophosphorous compound.
Abstract:
A hydrogen peroxide-containing bleach liquor containing one or more compounds selected from organic phosphonic acids and their salts; and a water-soluble alkylamide. A bleaching method comprising using this bleach liquor or this bleach liquor deprived of the water-soluble alkylamide; and performing bleaching with the bleach liquor set at pH 10.0 to 10.7 and heated at 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. (110.degree. to 130.degree. C. in the absence of the alkylamide). The hydrogen peroxide-containing bleach liquor achieves an excellent bleaching effect without using a silicic acid-derived substance which causes a silicate-induced trouble. The bleaching method achieves an unsurpassed bleaching effect by use of the bleach liquor at a temperature in a broad range of 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. under lower alkaline conditions while curtailing the diminution of the physical properties of fibers to be bleached, whether cotton or synthetic fibers.
Abstract:
A device for fixing by suction a printing plate comprises: a casing whose interior is partitioned into a large number of compartments having open front faces; a perforated punching plate fixed to the casing to cover the open front faces of all compartments; a valve device mounted on a valve port formed on the rear side of each compartment; and a negative pressure source connected by way of the valve ports to respective compartments and applying suction to all valve devices, whereby the printing plate placed on the punching plate is fixed by suction tightly thereagainst.
Abstract:
An aqueous solution is prepared comprising 5 to 25% by weight of an anionic surfactant, 0.5 to 20% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant, 4 to 6% by weight of a nonionic surfactant and, if necessary, an antiseptic and the aqueous solution is adjusted with an organic acid to pH in the range of 4.5 to 7.0, which is used as an undiluted solution of a hydrophilicity maintaining and promoting agent for a polysilazane-containing coating film. The undiluted solution is diluted with water to from 3 to 15 times and the resulting solution is used as a hydrophilicity promoting agent. While the undiluted solution is diluted with water to from 30 to 70 times and the resulting solution is used as a hydrophilicity maintaining agent. The hydrophilicity promoting agent is applied on an anti-fouling coating film which is formed by applying on a substrate a coating solution comprising polysilazane and, if necessary, silica conversion catalyst, and thereby the coating film is made hydrophilic in an extremely short time. Further the hydrophilicity maintaining agent is used for removing stains which adhere to the coating film and maintaining the hydrophilicity of the film.