公开(公告)号：US4332903A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-01

申请号：US174455

申请日：1980-08-01

Applicant: Cheng-Shung Gong ,  Li-Fu Chen ,  George T. Tsao

Inventor： Cheng-Shung Gong ,  Li-Fu Chen ,  George T. Tsao

IPC: C12N1/14 ,  C12P7/10

CPC classification number: C12P7/10 ,  C12N1/14 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y10S435/931 ,  Y10S435/939

Abstract: Biologically active hollow fungal mycelial pellets are prepared by media manipulation. Initially fungal spores are innoculated under conditions limiting growth to formation of tiny cell aggregates of less than about 2 mm. Thereafter, the aggregates are subjected to conditions supportive of vigorous vegetative growth and agitation to produce hollow pellets having a porous spherical webbed mycelial layer and hollow core.

Abstract translation: 通过培养基操作制备生物活性的中空真菌菌丝体颗粒。 最初，真菌孢子在限制生长以形成小于约2mm的细胞聚集体的条件下接种。 此后，聚集体经受有力的营养生长和搅拌的条件，以产生具有多孔球形网状织物层和中空芯的中空颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US4063017A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US679497

申请日：1976-04-22

Applicant: George T. Tsao ,  Li Fu Chen

Inventor： George T. Tsao ,  Li Fu Chen

IPC: C08J9/28 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C08B15/10 ,  C08B16/00

CPC classification number: C08J9/28 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C08J2201/0542 ,  C08J2301/00 ,  Y10S530/814

Abstract: Porous cellulose beads are prepared by distributing droplets of a solvent mixture containing a cellulose derivative into an aqueous solution to form porous beads which are then washed and hydrolyzed to form porous cellulose beads. The porous cellulose beads, which may be cross-linked, if desired, by suitable treatment, are useful carriers to which enzymes can be immobilized.

Abstract translation: 通过将含有纤维素衍生物的溶剂混合物的液滴分配到水溶液中以形成多孔珠来制备多孔纤维素珠，然后将其洗涤并水解形成多孔纤维素珠。 如果需要，通过适当的处理可以交联的多孔纤维素珠粒是可以固定酶的有用的载体。

公开(公告)号：US4490468A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-25

申请号：US143146

申请日：1980-04-23

Applicant: Cheng Shung Gong ,  Li Fu Chen ,  Michael C. Flickinger ,  George T. Tsao

Inventor： Cheng Shung Gong ,  Li Fu Chen ,  Michael C. Flickinger ,  George T. Tsao

IPC: C12P7/06

CPC classification number: C12P7/06 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y10S435/921 ,  Y10S435/93 ,  Y10S435/938 ,  Y10S435/94

Abstract: Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of xylulose using yeast under fermentative conditions.

Abstract translation: 通过在发酵条件下使用酵母发酵木酮糖来生产乙醇。

公开(公告)号：US4090022A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US779950

申请日：1977-03-21

Applicant: George T. Tsao ,  Li Fu Chen

Inventor： George T. Tsao ,  Li Fu Chen

IPC: C08J9/28 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C08B15/10 ,  C08B16/00

CPC classification number: C08J9/28 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C08J2201/0542 ,  C08J2301/00 ,  Y10S530/814

Abstract: Porous cellulose beads are prepared by distributing droplets of a solvent mixture containing a cellulose derivative into a precipitating solution to form porous beads which are then washed and hydrolyzed to form porous cellulose beads. The porous cellulose beads, which may be cross-linked, if desired, by suitable treatment, are useful carriers to which enzymes can be immobilized. The beads may also be used for the separation of enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids and the like, or to remove metal ions from dilute mining solutions.

Abstract translation: 通过将含有纤维素衍生物的溶剂混合物的液滴分散到沉淀溶液中以形成多孔珠来制备多孔纤维素珠，然后将其洗涤并水解形成多孔纤维素珠。 如果需要，通过适当的处理可以交联的多孔纤维素珠粒是可以固定酶的有用的载体。 珠也可用于分离酶，蛋白质，核酸等，或从稀释的溶液中除去金属离子。

公开(公告)号：US4265675A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-05

申请号：US081539

申请日：1979-10-03

Applicant: George T. Tsao ,  Bruce E. Dale ,  Michael R. Ladisch

Inventor： George T. Tsao ,  Bruce E. Dale ,  Michael R. Ladisch

IPC: C08B1/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/00

CPC classification number: D21C3/006 ,  C08B1/003 ,  C13K1/02

Abstract: A nontoxic cellulose solvent and process for forming and utilizing the same. The solvent includes a metal chelating agent, a metal compound, an oxygen scavenging stabilizing agent and a caustic swelling agent with the disclosed solvent being prepared in either aqueous or solid form. The solvent is caused to contact cellulosic materials in order to dissolve cellulose therefrom. The dissolved cellulose may be reprecipitated and may then be hydrolyzed by cellulose enzyme or acid to yield glucose with lignin being removed either before or after hydrolysis has occurred.

Abstract translation: 无毒的纤维素溶剂及其形成和利用方法。 溶剂包括金属螯合剂，金属化合物，除氧稳定剂和苛性溶胀剂，其中所公开的溶剂以水溶液或固体形式制备。 使溶剂与纤维素材料接触以便从其中溶解纤维素。 溶解的纤维素可以再沉淀，然后可以通过纤维素酶或酸水解，以在水解发生之前或之后除去木质素。

公开(公告)号：US4891404A

公开(公告)日：1990-01-02

申请号：US199999

申请日：1988-05-27

Applicant: Ramani Narayan ,  George T. Tsao ,  Christopher J. Biermann

Inventor： Ramani Narayan ,  George T. Tsao ,  Christopher J. Biermann

IPC: C08F251/00

CPC classification number: C08F251/00

Abstract: A nucleophilic displacement reaction is used to prepare biodegradable thermoplastic copolymers exhibiting a high capacity for stabilizing biodegradable blends of polysaccharides and synthetic thermoplastic polymers. The graft copolymers are characterized by consistent product uniformity and a high degree of substitution on the polysaccharide chain.

Abstract translation: 使用亲核取代反应来制备可生物降解的热塑性共聚物，其表现出用于稳定多糖和合成热塑性聚合物的可生物降解的共混物的高容量。 接枝共聚物的特征在于在多糖链上具有一致的产物均匀性和高取代度。

公开(公告)号：US4266981A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-12

申请号：US81538

申请日：1979-10-03

Applicant: George T. Tsao ,  Terry Y. Chou

Inventor： George T. Tsao ,  Terry Y. Chou

IPC: C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04

CPC classification number: C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04

Abstract: A process for recovering cellulose using sulfuric acid and utilizing the recovered cellulose by hydrolysis to yield glucose. Cellulosic raw materials are hydrolyzed by dilute sulfuric acid to remove hemicellulose, after which the solid residue is separated and is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to dissolve cellulose contained therein. After blending and mixing of the residue in the concentrated sulfuric acid under mild reaction conditions, cellulose is reprecipitated by addition of water or an organic solvent such as methanol. The recovered cellulose can then be hydrolyzed by cellulose enzymes and/or dilute acids to provide a high yield of glucose. High level recovery and reconcentration of the sulfuric acid is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 使用硫酸回收纤维素并通过水解利用回收的纤维素产生葡萄糖的方法。 纤维素原料用稀硫酸水解以除去半纤维素，然后分离固体残渣并用浓硫酸处理以溶解其中所含的纤维素。 在温和的反应条件下，在浓硫酸中混合和混合残留物后，通过加入水或有机溶剂如甲醇将纤维素再沉淀。 然后可以通过纤维素酶和/或稀酸水解回收的纤维素，以提供高产率的葡萄糖。 还公开了高水平的回收和再浓缩的硫酸。

公开(公告)号：US4427775A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-24

申请号：US300744

申请日：1981-09-10

Applicant: Li F. Chen ,  Cheng S. Gong ,  George T. Tsao

Inventor： Li F. Chen ,  Cheng S. Gong ,  George T. Tsao

IPC: C12N11/10 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C12M1/40 ,  C12P1/02

CPC classification number: C12N11/10 ,  C12N11/12 ,  C12P7/06 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: Spherical shaped mycelial pellets suitable for use in the biocatalytic conversion of organic compounds are prepared having a rigid spherical core surrounded by a porous webbed layer of structural integrity of a mycelial microorganism. The webbed layer is preferably separated from the core by a substantial void space and is attached to the core by a portion of the mycelium of the microorganism. The core may be composed of a cellulose derivative or agar. The pellets are prepared by forming a solution of a cellulose derivative or agar, mixing spores of a mycelial microorganism with the solution, precipitating the celluose derivative or agar to form beads containing the spores and incubating the beads in a culture medium.

Abstract translation: 制备适合用于有机化合物的生物催化转化的球形菌丝体颗粒，其具有由菌丝体微生物的结构完整性的多孔纤维网层围绕的刚性球形核心。 网状层优选通过实质的空隙空间与芯分离，并通过微生物的一部分菌丝体附着于核心。 核心可以由纤维素衍生物或琼脂组成。 通过形成纤维素衍生物或琼脂的溶液，将菌丝体微生物的孢子与溶液混合，使纤维素衍生物或琼脂沉淀，形成含有孢子的珠粒并将培养基培养，制备粒料。

公开(公告)号：US4174976A

公开(公告)日：1979-11-20

申请号：US884478

申请日：1978-03-08

Applicant: George T. Tsao ,  Michael R. Ladisch ,  Arindam Bose

Inventor： George T. Tsao ,  Michael R. Ladisch ,  Arindam Bose

IPC: C13B20/14 ,  C13K1/02

CPC classification number: C13K1/02

Abstract: A process to yield glucose from cellulose through acid hydrolysis. Cellulose is recovered from cellulosic materials, preferably by pretreating the cellulosic materials by dissolving the cellulosic materials in Cadoxen or a chelating metal caustic swelling solvent and then precipitating the cellulose therefrom. Hydrolysis is accomplished using an acid, preferably dilute sulfuric acid, and the glucose is yielded substantially without side products. Lignin may be removed either before or after hydrolysis.

Abstract translation: 通过酸水解由纤维素产生葡萄糖的方法。 纤维素从纤维素材料中回收，优选通过将纤维素材料溶解在二氧化钴或螯合金属苛性溶胀溶剂中，然后从其中沉淀纤维素来预处理纤维素材料。 使用酸，优选稀硫酸实现水解，基本上不产生副产物而产生葡萄糖。 在水解之前或之后可以除去木质素。

公开(公告)号：US5789210A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US148581

申请日：1993-11-08

Applicant: Nancy W. Y. Ho ,  George T. Tsao

Inventor： Nancy W. Y. Ho ,  George T. Tsao

IPC: C12N15/09 ,  C12N1/19 ,  C12N9/02 ,  C12N9/04 ,  C12N9/12 ,  C12N15/00 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C12P7/08 ,  C12R1/865 ,  C07H21/04 ,  C12N15/81

CPC classification number: C12N9/1205 ,  C12N9/0006 ,  C12P7/06 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: Described are recombinant yeasts containing genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase, and DNA molecules, vectors and methods useful for producing such yeasts. The recombinant yeasts effectively ferment xylose to ethanol, and preferred yeasts are capable of simultaneously fermenting glucose and xylose to ethanol thereby taking full advantage of these two sugar sources as they are found in agricultural biomass.

Abstract translation: 描述了含有编码木糖还原酶，木糖醇脱氢酶和木酮糖激酶的基因的重组酵母以及可用于产生这种酵母的DNA分子，载体和方法。 重组酵母有效地将木糖发酵成乙醇，优选的酵母能够同时将葡萄糖和木糖发酵成乙醇，从而充分利用这两种糖源，如在农业生物质中所见。