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1.发明授权Non-imaging electro-optic vehicle sensor apparatus utilizing variance in reflectance 失效利用反射率差异的非成像电光学车辆传感器装置
公开(公告)号：US5764163A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US531467
申请日：1995-09-21
摘要： Apparatus (10) for monitoring vehicle (V) usage on a roadway (H). An AC light source (12) comprises either an incandescent or gas discharge light source. The light source has a detectable AC ripple in its output. The light source is mounted or installed above the roadway surface on a conventional light standard (16) or highway information standard (18) such that the light source directs its rumination downwardly onto the roadway. A light detector (34) detects light reflected from off the roadway. Light from the light source together with the collection optics of the light detector define a "footprint" (30) on the roadway surface and vehicles moving over the roadway pass over this footprint. The directed, reflected light has characteristics which are varied in response to passage of a vehicle over the roadway and through a path (X1, X2) of light between the source and detector. A processor (52) processes the reflected light and is responsive to variations in the characteristics of detected, reflected light caused by vehicle passage. The processor is capable of determining the number of vehicles passing over the roadway surface during a predetermined period of time, the speed of the vehicles, and the type of a vehicle. Further, the detector and processor are sensitive to changes in atmospheric conditions to adjust detection thresholds so the apparatus maintains its responsiveness to the passage of vehicles.
摘要翻译： 用于监控车辆（V）在道路（H）上的使用的装置（10）。 AC光源（12）包括白炽灯或气体放电光源。 光源在其输出端具有可检测的交流纹波。 光源安装或安装在道路表面上方的常规光标（16）或高速公路信息标准（18）上，使得光源将其向下的方向引导到道路上。 光检测器（34）检测从道路上反射的光。 来自光源的光与光检测器的收集光学器件一起定义在道路表面上的“占地面积”（30），并且在道路上行驶的车辆通过该占地面积。 定向反射光具有响应于车辆在道路上的通过并且通过源和检测器之间的光路（X1，X2）而变化的特性。 处理器（52）处理反射光并且响应于由车辆通过引起的检测到的反射光的特性的变化。 处理器能够在预定时间段，车辆的速度和车辆的类型中确定通过道路表面的车辆的数量。 此外，检测器和处理器对大气条件的变化敏感，以调整检测阈值，使得设备保持对车辆通过的响应。
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2.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110293482A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US13192643
申请日：2011-07-28
CPC分类号： B01J3/008 , C01B3/34 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/508 , C01B2203/0211 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0455 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1235 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1676 , C01B2203/169 , H01M8/0618 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A system for reforming diesel fuel into hydrogen including feeds for water and diesel fuel, a supercritical water (SCW) reactor in fluid communication with the water feed and the diesel fuel, at least one pre-heater in thermal communication with the water feed, the diesel fuel feed that is configured to heat water from the water feed and diesel fuel from the diesel fuel feed to a predetermined temperature equal to or greater than the critical temperature of water before the water and the diesel fuel are mixed, a water-gas shift (WGS) reactor, and a hydrogen capturing system, where the SCW reactor reforms the diesel fuel into a synthesis gas comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and outputs the synthesis gas, the synthesis gas output by the SCW reactor is fed into the WGS reactor which converts the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen and outputs an output gas including a higher percentage of hydrogen to carbon monoxide compared to the synthesis gas, and the hydrogen in the output gas is captured by the hydrogen capturing system.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将柴油转化为氢的系统，包括用于水和柴油的进料，与供水和柴油燃料流体连通的超临界水（SCW）反应器，至少一个与进水热连通的预热器， 配置为将来自供水的水和来自柴油进料的柴油燃料加热至水和柴油混合之前等于或大于水的临界温度的预定温度的柴油燃料进料， （WGS）反应器和氢气捕获系统，其中SCW反应器将柴油燃料改质成包含氢气和一氧化碳的混合物的合成气并输出合成气，由SCW反应器输出的合成气输入WGS 反应器，其将一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳和氢气，并将与含有较高百分比的氢气的输出气体相比，将其与合成气相比，并将h 输出气体中的氢气被氢气捕获系统捕获。
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公开(公告)号：US06177885B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09185321
申请日：1998-11-03
IPC分类号： G08G101
CPC分类号： G08G1/0104
摘要： A traffic incident detection system (10) includes both the collection and analysis of traffic data and employs a time-indexed traffic anomaly detection algorithm which partitions time into categories of “type of day,” and “time of day”. Using this partition, a fuzzy neuromorphic, unsupervised learning algorithm calibrates fuzzy sets as “normal” and “abnormal” for a plurality of traffic descriptors. Fuzzy composition techniques are used, on a per traffic lane basis, to combine multiple traffic descriptors in order to determine membership in a “normal” or “abnormal” lane status. Each lane status is then combined to determine the overall status of a road segment. Initial training of the algorithm occurs during the first few weeks after a sensor (12) is installed. On-line background training continues thereafter to continually tune and track seasonal changes affecting system performance.
摘要翻译： 交通事故检测系统（10）既包括交通数据的收集和分析，又采用时间索引的交通异常检测算法，将时间划分为“一天的类型”和“时间”。 使用该分区，模糊神经形态，无监督学习算法将模糊集合校准为多个业务描述符的“正常”和“异常”。 使用模糊组合技术，在每个车道基础上组合多个交通描述符，以便确定“正常”或“异常”车道状态的会员资格。 然后将每个车道状态组合以确定道路段的总体状态。 在安装传感器（12）后的最初几周内，算法的初始训练发生。 在线后台培训继续不断调整和跟踪影响系统性能的季节性变化。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08404008B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-26
申请号：US13192643
申请日：2011-07-28
IPC分类号： B01J7/00
CPC分类号： B01J3/008 , C01B3/34 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/508 , C01B2203/0211 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0455 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1235 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1676 , C01B2203/169 , H01M8/0618 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A system for reforming diesel fuel into hydrogen including feeds for water and diesel fuel, a supercritical water (SCW) reactor in fluid communication with the water feed and the diesel fuel, at least one pre-heater in thermal communication with the water feed, the diesel fuel feed that is configured to heat water from the water feed and diesel fuel from the diesel fuel feed to a predetermined temperature equal to or greater than the critical temperature of water before the water and the diesel fuel are mixed, a water-gas shift (WGS) reactor, and a hydrogen capturing system, where the SCW reactor reforms the diesel fuel into a synthesis gas comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and outputs the synthesis gas, the synthesis gas output by the SCW reactor is fed into the WGS reactor which converts the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen and outputs an output gas including a higher percentage of hydrogen to carbon monoxide compared to the synthesis gas, and the hydrogen in the output gas is captured by the hydrogen capturing system.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将柴油转化为氢的系统，包括用于水和柴油的进料，与供水和柴油燃料流体连通的超临界水（SCW）反应器，至少一个与进水热连通的预热器， 配置为将来自供水的水和来自柴油进料的柴油燃料加热至水和柴油混合之前等于或大于水的临界温度的预定温度的柴油燃料进料， （WGS）反应器和氢气捕获系统，其中SCW反应器将柴油燃料改质成包含氢气和一氧化碳的混合物的合成气并输出合成气，由SCW反应器输出的合成气输入WGS 反应器，其将一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳和氢气，并将与含有较高百分比的氢气的输出气体相比，将其与合成气相比，并将h 输出气体中的氢气被氢气捕获系统捕获。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07931711B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-26
申请号：US11752680
申请日：2007-05-23
CPC分类号： B01J3/008 , C01B3/34 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/508 , C01B2203/0211 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0455 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1235 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1676 , C01B2203/169 , H01M8/0618 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/544
摘要： Methods for using supercritical water to convert hydrocarbons, particularly hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuel, jet fuel, or gasoline, into carbonaceous gases and hydrogen. The synthesis gas stream generated by the fuel reforming reaction can then be further refined to increase hydrogen content, and the resultant hydrogen can be utilized to power fuel cells.
摘要翻译： 使用超临界水将碳氢化合物，特别是烃燃料如柴油，喷气燃料或汽油转化成含碳气体和氢气的方法。 然后可以进一步精炼由燃料重整反应产生的合成气流以增加氢含量，并且所得到的氢气可用于为燃料电池供电。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08038743B1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-18
申请号：US10723543
申请日：2003-11-26
IPC分类号： B01J7/00
CPC分类号： B01J3/008 , C01B3/34 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/508 , C01B2203/0211 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0455 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1235 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1676 , C01B2203/169 , H01M8/0618 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A supercritical water reformer (SCWR) and methods for using supercritical water to convert hydrocarbons, particularly hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuel or gasoline, into carbonaceous gases and hydrogen. The synthesis gas stream generated by the fuel reforming reaction can then be further refined to increase hydrogen content, and the resultant hydrogen can be utilized to power fuel cells.
摘要翻译： 超临界水重整器（SCWR）以及使用超临界水将碳氢化合物（特别是烃燃料如柴油或汽油）转化为含碳气体和氢气的方法。 然后可以进一步精炼由燃料重整反应产生的合成气流以增加氢含量，并且所得到的氢气可用于为燃料电池供电。
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公开(公告)号：US06275171B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-14
申请号：US09302355
申请日：1999-04-30
申请人： Gary Waldman , John R. Wootton
发明人： Gary Waldman , John R. Wootton
IPC分类号： G08G104
CPC分类号： G08G1/04
摘要： A non-imaging traffic sensing system (10) employs three separate detectors (D1-D3) each positioned above a roadway (R) and spatially separated along the roadway. The detectors detect light reflected off the roadway surface. Each detector has its own field of view (FOV) of the roadway surface and a separate footprint (F1-F3) is defined on the surface by intersection of the respective fields of view with the surface. A disturbance passing over the roadway changes the amount of reflected light sensed by the detectors and the detectors generate respective signals indicative of the amount of reflected light they receive. A first pair of the detectors (D1, D3) measure the speed of a passing disturbance. A second pair of the detectors (D1, D2) identify shadows so to eliminate their effects. The footprints defined by the fields of view of the second detector pair generally overlap. A processor (24) processes signals from the first detector pair to determine the speed of the disturbance. The processor further processes signals from the second detector pair to determine the disturbance's height. The disturbance is classified as vehicular if the height exceeds a predetermined threshold, but as a shadow if less than the threshold. This allows the effects of shadows on the roadway to be readily identified and distinguished from vehicle movement.
摘要翻译： 非成像通信量传感系统（10）采用三个单独的检测器（D1-D3），每个检测器位于道路（R）上方，并沿着道路空间分离。 检测器检测从道路表面反射的光。 每个检测器具有其自己的巷道表面的视场（FOV），并且通过各个视野与表面的交叉在表面上限定单独的占地面积（F1-F3）。 通过道路的扰动改变由检测器感测的反射光的量，并且检测器产生指示它们接收的反射光量的相应信号。 第一对检测器（D1，D3）测量通过干扰的速度。 第二对检测器（D1，D2）识别阴影，以消除它们的影响。 由第二检测器对的视野限定的印迹通常重叠。 处理器（24）处理来自第一检测器对的信号以确定干扰的速度。 处理器进一步处理来自第二检测器对的信号以确定干扰的高度。 如果高度超过预定阈值，则干扰被分类为车辆，但是如果小于阈值，则将其作为阴影。 这允许容易地识别和区分车辆运动的道路上的阴影的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US5249501A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-05
申请号：US861624
申请日：1992-04-01
申请人： Gary Waldman , John R. Wootton
发明人： Gary Waldman , John R. Wootton
CPC分类号： F41G3/145
摘要： A tracking system (10) is for use in a weapons system (W). The tracking system is used to assist a gunner (G) in designating and tracking a target which the gunner can fire upon using a weapon under his control. A laser (12) operating at a wavelength beyond the visible band (i.e., 70.7 um) projects a laser beam (B) at the target which illuminates a portion of the target struck by the beam. The laser is boresighted with the weapon and moves with it as the gunner tracks the target. A curved window is interposed between the laser and the target. The window (16) passes a portion of the incident laser beam on it for the laser beam to strike the target. The window also reflects a portion of the laser beam. The amount of the laser beam passing through the window is substantially greater than the portion reflected. The reflected portion of the laser beam reflects at an angle (.theta.) with respect to the incident beam. A sensing element (26) upon which the reflected portion of the beam impinges emits a visible spot of light. The sensing element is at, or near, the focal point of the window. A visible, virtual image of the target, which is at, or near, infinity, is now created. This visible image is observable by the gunner. The gunner maintains the laser beam on the target by moving his weapon as the target moves. Movement of the laser beam produces a corresponding movement of the virtual image.
摘要翻译： 跟踪系统（10）用于武器系统（W）。 跟踪系统用于协助枪手（G）指定和跟踪枪手在使用其控制下的武器时可以射击的目标。 在超过可见光带（即70.7μm）的波长下工作的激光器（12）在目标处投射一个激光束（B），该激光束（B）照射由光束撞击的目标部分。 激光瞄准武器，随着炮手跟踪目标，它随之移动。 在激光和靶之间插入弯曲的窗口。 窗口（16）将入射激光束的一部分通过其上以使激光束撞击目标。 该窗口还反映了激光束的一部分。 通过窗口的激光束的量基本上大于反射部分的量。 激光束的反射部分以相对于入射光束的角度（θ）反射。 光束撞击的反射部分的光敏元件（26）发出可见的光斑。 感测元件在窗口的焦点处或附近。 目标的可见的虚拟映像，现在或接近无限，现在被创建。 这个可见的图像可以由枪手观察到。 枪手通过在目标移动时移动武器，将激光束保持在目标上。 激光束的运动产生虚像的相应运动。
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公开(公告)号：US06404553B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-11
申请号：US08810591
申请日：1997-03-04
申请人： John R. Wootton , Gary Waldman , David L. Holder
发明人： John R. Wootton , Gary Waldman , David L. Holder
IPC分类号： G02B518
CPC分类号： G03H1/02 , G02B5/32 , G02B27/4211 , G02B27/4216 , G02B27/4272 , G02F1/135 , G02F1/293 , G02F2203/18 , G03H2001/0224 , G03H2001/085 , G03H2222/36 , G03H2225/20 , G03H2225/25 , G03H2225/32
摘要： A method for effecting the desired optical characteristics of an optical system (10) using phase diffractive optics. Incident light (Bi) is directed onto a surface (12i) of a material (12) whose index of refraction (n) is variable over the material. Passage of the incident light through the material effects the phase and amplitude of the light waveform. An optical map (Om) is determined for the surface of the material. This map comprises variations in the index of refraction over the material surface, and the map, in effect, represents any of a range of refractive and diffractive optical elements such as a mirror (1), a lens (2,3,6,7), or a diffraction grating (100). The map is dynamically written onto the material to map the material such that the incident light's passage through the material corresponds to the passage of the light through the optical element currently emulated by the material. As a result, emergent light (Be) from the material has similar amplitude and phase characteristics as if the incident light had passed through the desired optical element.
摘要翻译： 使用相位衍射光学器件实现光学系统（10）的期望光学特性的方法。 入射光（Bi）被引导到材料（12）的表面（12i），折射率（n）在材料上是可变的。 通过材料的入射光通过影响光波形的相位和幅度。 确定材料表面的光学图（Om）。 该图包括在材料表面上的折射率的变化，并且该图实际上表示折射和衍射光学元件的任何范围，例如镜（1），透镜（2,3,6,7 ）或衍射光栅（100）。 地图动态地写入材料上以映射材料，使得入射光通过材料的通道对应于光通过目前由材料模拟的光学元件的通过。 结果，来自材料的出射光（Be）具有与入射光已经通过所需光学元件相似的幅度和相位特性。
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公开(公告)号：US5459470A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-17
申请号：US80692
申请日：1993-06-22
申请人： John R. Wootton , Gary Waldman , David Holder
发明人： John R. Wootton , Gary Waldman , David Holder
CPC分类号： G01S17/74
摘要： A system (10) for friend-or-foe identification (IFF) comprises an interrogator unit (18) carried on a first platform (T1) for generating and transmitting a laser beam. A control unit (22) selectively directs the transmitted laser beam toward a second platform (T2). A coding/decoding unit (28) encodes an IFF interrogator message with which a portion of the transmitted laser beam is modulated. A laser reflector (30) carried on the second platform receives the coded laser beam. The reflector is a normally passive reflector which is activated by receipt of the transmitted laser beam. The reflector responds to the IFF message contained in the received laser beam by modulating the unmodulated portion of the transmitted laser beam. This newly modulated portion of the laser beam is reflected back toward the first platform. The coding/encoding unit decodes on the first platform receives and the response, and determines if it corresponds to a predetermined response which identifies the second platform as a "friend".
摘要翻译： 用于朋友或敌人识别（IFF）的系统（10）包括在第一平台（T1）上承载用于产生和传送激光束的询问器单元（18）。 控制单元（22）选择性地将发射的激光束引向第二平台（T2）。 编码/解码单元（28）编码被发送的激光束的一部分被调制的IFF询问器消息。 承载在第二平台上的激光反射器（30）接收编码的激光束。 反射器是通过接收发射的激光束来激活的常被动反射器。 反射器通过调制发射的激光束的未调制部分来响应包含在接收的激光束中的IFF信号。 激光束的这个新调制部分被反射回第一平台。 第一平台上的编码/编码单元解码接收和响应，并且确定它是否对应于将第二平台标识为“朋友”的预定响应。
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