摘要:
Infrared spectroscopy for rapidly identifying the kind of a plastic product on the spot. The surface of the plastic product is partially pyrolyzed in a quite short time to produce pyrolysis product gas. The gas is introduced into an infrared spectrophotometer to obtain an infrared absorption spectrum of the gas. The spectrum is collated with a pyrolysis infrared absorption spectrum of a standard sample. Thus, the plastic is identified. A heating probe comprising a heat radiation emitter mounted in the body of the probe, an opening formed in the body of the probe, an aperture formed in the body and located opposite to the opening, a reflecting mirror for directing the radiation into the opening, and a conduit for connecting thin ports in the probe with the spectrophotometer and with an external carrier gas source. The heat radiation emitter emits heat radiation for pyrolyzing the surface of the plastic product. The mirror is located near the aperture.
摘要:
An engine knocking meter detects a pressure in a cylinder by a pressure sensor, clips a detected signal by a clipping circuit to cut low level noises, supplies an output signal of the clipping circuit to a filter circuit to eliminate noises having frequencies which lie beyond a frequency band of a knocking signal, and supplies an output signal of the filter circuit to a gate which is driven within a given crank angle under the control of a signal from a crank angle sensor mounted on a crank shaft of an engine, for separating the knocking signal.
摘要:
A knocking control device having a knocking detecting circuit for detecting, as an electrical signal, an amount of variation corresponding to an internal pressure variation within a cylinder of an engine due to an engine knocking; an averaging circuit for converting the electrical signal from the knocking detecting circuit to a signal corresponding to a knocking energy; a crank angle detecting circuit for detecting a rotation phase of the engine; a comparison circuit for comparing the output signal corresponding to the knocking energy of the averaging circuit with a reference value defining a knocking allowable level to obtain a control signal for maintaining an engine knocking strength in a predetermined range; and an ignition control circuit connected to an ignition circuit, for controlling the ignition timing of the ignition circuit by the control signal from the comparison circuit. The present invention can detect the knocking strength with high accuracy as an electrical signal based on the cylinder internal pressure variation due to knocking and can carry out a knocking strength control suitable for characteristics of an engine by using the electrical signal. Also the present invention can remarkably improve an engine combustion efficiency and fuel consumption percentage by accepting a knocking to some extent.
摘要:
An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition comprises (A) a resin that exhibits an increased solubility in an alkali developer when acted on by an acid, and (B) at least two types of sulfonic acid generators that generate a sulfonic acid when exposed to actinic rays or radiation, wherein the two types of sulfonic acid generators (B) consist of sulfonic acid generators (B1) and (B2) satisfying the following requirements, namely the sulfonic acid generator (B1) generates a sulfonic acid composed of 9 to 20 elements with an acid strength (pKa) satisfying the relationship pKa pKa≧−3.50, provided that no hydrogen atom is included in the number of elements of the generated acids.
摘要:
A liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises an array substrate 11 equipped with signal lines 33 and scan lines 32 deployed in a matrix arrangement, thin film transistors (TFTs) 34 provided near the intersections of the signal lines 33 and scan lines 32, and pixel electrodes 40 of which one is provided in each of the pixel domains delimited by the signal lines 33 and scan lines 32; a color filter substrate 12 on which are formed color filters 22R to 22B and common electrodes 23; and a liquid crystal layer 13 placed between said two substrates; wherein the pixel electrodes 40 are positioned so as not to overlap the signal lines 33, or not to overlap the scan lines 32, or not to overlap either, when viewed from above, and below the spaces between adjacent pixel electrodes 40, resin black matrices 45 are deployed so as to overlap the pixel electrodes 40 when viewed from above.
摘要:
An accelerator (1) for adjusting an output of an engine includes: a throttle lever (4) that is turned; a rotating member (16) that is turned in conjunction with the throttle lever (4); a gear member (18) that is concentrically and freely fitted to the rotating member (16); a lock lever (24) that is engaged with the gear member (18) to lock a movement of the gear member (18); a trigger lever (5) that moves the lock lever (24); and an elastic member (22) that frictionally engages the rotating member (16) and the gear member (18). The throttle lever (4) is biased toward an idling position within an output adjustment rage of the engine. The frictional force caused by the elastic member (22) between the rotating member (16) and the gear member (18) is greater than the biasing force of the throttle lever (4) toward the idling position.
摘要:
A thin film transistor is provided, which includes a gate electrode layer over a substrate, a gate insulating layer over the gate electrode layer, a layer including an amorphous semiconductor over the gate insulating layer, a pair of crystal regions over the layer including the amorphous semiconductor, and source and drain regions over and in contact with the pair of crystal regions. The source and drain regions include a microcrystalline semiconductor layer to which an impurity imparting one conductivity type is added.
摘要:
A sliding member for a compressor includes a base metal, a first layer and a second layer. The base metal is made of an aluminum-based metal. The first layer is formed on or over the base metal and made of a nickel-based plating layer containing at least one material of nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al) as an additive. The second layer is formed on the surface of the first layer and made of a diamond-like carbon layer containing the same additive as the additive contained in the first layer.
摘要:
An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including: (PA) a compound having a proton acceptor functional group and undergoing decomposition upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation to generate a compound reduced in or deprived of proton acceptor property or changed to be acidic from being proton acceptor-functioning, wherein a molar extinction coefficient ε of the compound (PA) at a wavelength of 193 nm as measured in acetonitrile solvent is 55,000 or less, and a pattern forming method using the composition are provided.
摘要:
A liquid crystal display panel is provided and includes substrates opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, one of the substrates including gate and common lines disposed in parallel, source lines intersecting the gate and common lines, and switching elements in the vicinities of intersections of the gate and source lines. A lower electrode of a transparent conductive material and an upper electrode with slits are stacked with an insulating film interposed therebetween for each area defined by the gate and source lines. The upper electrode and the lower electrode are electrically connected to the corresponding switching element and the corresponding common line, respectively. The insulating film has a multi-layered structure of first and second insulating films close to the substrate and the liquid crystal layer, respectively. The surface of the lower electrode is covered with the first insulating film. The gate and common lines are formed on the surface of the first insulating film. The common line is electrically connected to the lower electrode via a contact hole formed in the first insulating film.