摘要:
A twin-wire former for the production of a web of paper from a fiber suspension. An upper endless loop of wire belt having a lower horizontal run and a lower endless loop wire belt having an upper horizontal run. Guide rolls support the wire belts to define a twin-wire zone. The upstream inlet wedge of the twin-wire zone is disposed at the outlet from a head box. The initial part of the path of the twin-wire zone has a gradual curvature convexly with respect to the lower wire belt, and in that initial portion are positioned guide tables, suction boxes and dewatering elements. This curved initial part is followed by a forming roll within the loop of the upper wire belt. The twin-wires wrap an arcuate sector of the lower region of the forming roll. A support roll follows the forming roll. The support roll is upraised sufficiently to wrap the twin-wires around the bottom of the forming roll and over an arcuate sector at the top of the support roll. Following the support roll, the upper wire separates from the lower wire. In the continuing generally horizontal, slightly descending path of the lower wire with the web on it are disposed a plurality of suction boxes and a lower wire suction roll to define a final dewatering path after the twin-wire zone.
摘要:
A process for direct hydroliquefaction of biomass selected from algae, lignocellulosic biomass and/or of one or more constituents of lignocellulosic biomass selected from the group comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin for producing fuel bases comprising two successive hydroconversion stages under high hydrogen pressure in ebullating bed reactors. Hydroconversion takes place in the presence of a supported catalyst of the type for hydroconversion of petroleum residue and a suspension composed of the biomass and a solvent, preferably a hydrogen donor solvent and preferably recycled from the process. The biomass can undergo a pretreatment of drying and/or roasting and/or grinding and/or demineralization prior to hydroliquefaction.
摘要:
This patent describes a solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether, a non-pyrophoric solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether in a concentration of 7 to 8%, a non-pyrophoric solution of ethyllithium in dibutyl ether and in a hydrocarbon in a concentration of 2 to 8%, process for preparing the solutions and the use of the solutions.
摘要:
A process for the conversion of coal into fuel bases comprises two successive direct liquefaction stages in ebullated bed reactors followed by a fixed bed hydrocracking stage. This process can produce excellent quality fuel bases (kerosene and diesel).
摘要:
A process for direct hydroliquefaction of biomass selected from algae, lignocellulosic biomass and/or of one or more constituents of lignocellulosic biomass selected from the group comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin for producing fuel bases comprising two successive hydroconversion stages under high hydrogen pressure in ebullating bed reactors. Hydroconversion takes place in the presence of a supported catalyst of the type for hydroconversion of petroleum residue and a suspension composed of the biomass and a solvent, preferably a hydrogen donor solvent and preferably recycled from the process. The biomass can undergo a pretreatment of drying and/or roasting and/or grinding and/or demineralization prior to hydroliquefaction.
摘要:
A process for the conversion of coal into fuel bases comprises two successive direct liquefaction stages in ebullated bed reactors followed by a fixed bed hydrocracking stage. This process can produce excellent quality fuel bases (kerosene and diesel).
摘要:
The method of making the stable non-pyrophoric solution containing a lithium diorganoamide of the formula, LiNR'R" wherein R' and R" each have from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in an inert liquid hydrocarbon solvent includes mixing a secondary amine including the R' and R" groups and an alcohol having 3 to 6 carbon atoms with a lithium granulate or powder in the hydrocarbon solvent and reacting the secondary amine, the alcohol and the lithium with addition of an electron acceptor compound, advantageously styrene or isobutene, to form the stable non-pyrophoric solution containing the lithium diorganoamide and a lithium alkoxide having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A process is described for the production of alcoholates from alkali metal hydroxides and aliphatic alcohol which in their molecule contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The alcoholates are produced in that alkali metal hydroxide is mixed with an alcohol and is reacted with said alcohol at a temperature from 80.degree. to 110.degree. C., preferably from 80.degree. to 100.degree. C., and under a pressure from 0.3 to 1.2 bars, the alcohol water mixture which evaporates during the reaction is separated into its components by at least one membrane, the alcohol vapor and the water vapor are condensed and the condensed alcohol is recycled to the reaction.
摘要:
A process is described for preparing aryllithium compounds by reaction of metallic lithium in an ether-containing solvent with an aryl halide, wherein prior to or at the beginning of the reaction a catalyst is added, the catalyst containing a halogen-free, polynuclear aromatic (aryl catalyst) or consisting of such a compound.