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公开(公告)号：US5636581A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US371096
申请日：1995-01-10
CPC分类号： F23H3/02 , F23H2900/03021
摘要： Fluid-cooled grate bars and grates for use in a combustion furnace such as a garbage incineration plant and a process for cooling the grate bars and grates. The grate bar has a duct defined therewithin for guiding a coolant supplied by a fluid-cooling apparatus. The primary coolant is preferably water. Steam formation is prevented by pressurizing the water. Additional or replacement coolant such, for example, as air may be employed for the grate bars and grates.
摘要翻译： 用于燃烧炉例如垃圾焚烧装置的流体冷却炉排和炉排以及用于冷却炉排和炉排的方法。 格栅杆具有限定在其中的导管，用于引导由流体冷却装置供应的冷却剂。 主要的冷却剂优选是水。 通过对水进行加压来防止蒸汽形成。 附加的或替代的冷却剂，例如，可以用作格栅棒和格栅的空气。
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公开(公告)号：US4539188A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-03
申请号：US584913
申请日：1984-02-29
IPC分类号： B01D53/50 , B01D53/34 , B01D53/81 , B01J8/24 , B01J8/26 , C21B7/00 , C22B1/10 , F23C10/10 , F23G5/30 , F23G5/50 , F23G7/06 , F23J3/04 , F27D17/00 , G06F7/60 , H03K21/00 , H03K21/02
CPC分类号： F23C10/10 , B01J8/26 , C21B7/002 , C22B1/10 , F23G5/30 , F23G7/06 , F27D17/001 , F23C2206/101 , Y02P10/212
摘要： A process for afterburning and purifying process exhaust gases, which contain combustible constituents, wherein the process exhaust gases and the oxygen-containing gases required for a combustion are separately supplied to a fluidized bed reactor of a circulating fluidized bed. In the fluidized bed reactor, the gas velocity is adjusted to 2 to 10 m/s (empty pipe velocity), the mean suspension density is adjusted to 0.1 to 10 kg/m.sup.3, the temperature is adjusted to 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C., and the stoichiometric ratio of gas-purifying agent having a particle size d.sub.p 50 of 30 to 200 .mu.m to pollutant contained in the process exhaust gas or formed by the combustion is adjusted to 1.2 to 3.0, calculated as Ca:S. The entrained solids in the gases from the fluidized-bed reactor are recycled to the reactor at a rate of at least 5 times the weight of solids contained in the fluidized bed reactor per hour.
摘要翻译： 一种用于后处理和净化包含可燃组分的处理废气的方法，其中将所述工艺废气和燃烧所需的含氧气体分别供应到循环流化床的流化床反应器。 在流化床反应器中，将气体速度调节至2至10m / s（空管速度），将平均悬浮液浓度调节至0.1至10kg / m 3，将温度调节至700℃至1100℃。 ，并且将粒径dp 50为30〜200μm的气体净化剂与通过燃烧形成的废气中所含的污染物或通过燃烧形成的化学计量比，按照Ca：S计算为1.2〜3.0。 来自流化床反应器的气体中夹带的固体以每小时流化床反应器中所含固体重量的至少5倍的速率再循环到反应器中。
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公开(公告)号：US4391583A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-05
申请号：US310953
申请日：1981-10-13
CPC分类号： F27B7/38
摘要： In the treatment of bulk materials with hot gases below the melting point of the charge component it is desired to prevent a formation of undesired crusts during normal operation and when the rotary kiln is operated at a reduced speed during short-time trouble. For this purpose, a controlled dissipation of heat is effected in several sections of the rotary kiln in that the shell of the kiln and the refractory lining are cooled so that the temperature of that portion of the inside surface of the rotary kiln which is submerged below the charge is always maintained at or up to 50.degree. C. below the temperature of the charge disposed thereover.
摘要翻译： 在用低于电荷组分熔点的热气体处理散装材料时，希望防止在正常操作期间形成不期望的结壳，并且在短时间麻烦时以低速运转回转窑。 为此，在回转窑的几个部分中进行受控的热耗散，其中窑的外壳和耐火衬里被冷却，使得回转窑的内表面部分的温度被淹没在下面 电荷总是保持在或高于设置在其上的电荷的温度低于50℃。
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公开(公告)号：US4312666A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-26
申请号：US119288
申请日：1980-02-07
CPC分类号： C21C5/52 , C21B13/14 , Y02P10/216
摘要： Residual materials which become available in metallurgy and contain oxides and volatilizable non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof are treated in a rotary kiln with solid carbonaceous reducing agents and are thus directly reduced in a high proportion to sponge iron whereas a substantial part of their non-ferrous metal content is volatilized. The solids discharged from the rotary kiln are sieved with a parting size of about 3 to 10 mm, depending on the feed grading of the residual materials and their disintegration characteristics, so that a major part of the unmagnetic material is included in the fine fraction. The coarse fraction is subjected to an electro-slag resistance process. The fine fraction is subjected to an electro-magnetic separation. The magnetic fraction is subjected to the resistance slag-refining process. The unmagnetic fraction is incorporated in and bonded to the feed mixture for the rotary kiln by a tumbling or pelletizing operation.
摘要翻译： 在具有固体碳质还原剂的回转窑中处理可用于冶金并含有氧化物和挥发性有色金属或其化合物的残余材料，因此与海绵铁直接还原成大部分， 黑色金属含量挥发。 取决于残留物料的进料分级及其崩解特性，从回转窑排出的固体以约3至10mm的分型尺寸筛分，使得非磁性材料的主要部分包括在细小部分中。 对粗级部进行电渣处理。 细分进行电磁分离。 对磁性部分进行电阻渣精炼处理。 通过滚动或造粒操作将非磁性部分结合到并结合到回转窑的进料混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4247323A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-27
申请号：US64976
申请日：1979-08-08
申请人： Harry Serbent , Wolfram Schnabel , Gerhard Reuter
发明人： Harry Serbent , Wolfram Schnabel , Gerhard Reuter
IPC分类号： C21B13/08
CPC分类号： C21B13/08 , Y02P10/136
摘要： When in the direct reduction of iron-oxide-containing materials in a rotary kiln solid, carbonaceous reducing agents having a high content of volatile constituents are charged to the rotary kiln at its charging end, a reoxidation of the sponge iron can readily occur in the final portion of the reduction zone unless a definite surplus of solid reducing agent is there maintained. To reduce the required surplus while still positively avoiding reoxidation, reducing gases and/or liquid hydrocarbons are introduced in said final portion by means of tubular air nozzles at least partially into the charge located above the air nozzles beginning with at least 75 percent metallization.
摘要翻译： 当在回转窑固体中直接还原含氧化铁材料时，具有高挥发成分含量的碳质还原剂在其充电端装入回转窑中，海绵铁的再氧化可以容易地在 还原区的最终部分，除非存在固体还原剂的确定剩余。 为了减少所需的剩余量同时仍然积极地避免再氧化，减少气体和/或液体烃通过管状空气喷嘴被引入所述最终部分中，管状空气喷嘴至少部分地进入位于空气喷嘴上方的电荷，以至少75％的金属化开始。
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公开(公告)号：US4551172A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-05
申请号：US638912
申请日：1984-08-08
申请人： Lothar Formanek , Martin Hirsch , Harry Serbent , Wolfram Schnabel , Klaus-Dietrich Fritzsche , Heribert Koenig , Gero Rath
发明人： Lothar Formanek , Martin Hirsch , Harry Serbent , Wolfram Schnabel , Klaus-Dietrich Fritzsche , Heribert Koenig , Gero Rath
CPC分类号： C21B13/14 , F27D17/004 , Y10S75/958
摘要： Sponge iron is produced by a direct reduction with solid carbonaceous reducing agents. In order to permit a melting of the sponge iron, particularly of that part thereof which is inferior in metallurgical properties, in a process which is as simple and economical as possible, the exhaust gas from the direct reduction process is used to produce electrical energy, which is supplied to the electric reducing furnace, and sponge iron at a rate corresponding to the electrical energy that is produced is charged to the electrical reducing furnace and comprises at least part of the sponge iron which is inferior in metallurgical properties.
摘要翻译： 通过用固体碳质还原剂直接还原生产海绵铁。 为了允许在尽可能简单和经济的方法中熔融海绵铁，特别是其冶金性能差的那部分，使用来自直接还原工艺的废气来产生电能， 将其供给到电还原炉中，并且以与产生的电能相对应的速率将海绵铁装入电还原炉中，并且包括至少部分冶金特性差的海绵铁。
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公开(公告)号：US4259081A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-31
申请号：US898254
申请日：1978-04-20
申请人： Gerhard Reuter , Wolfram Schnabel , Herbert Lausch
发明人： Gerhard Reuter , Wolfram Schnabel , Herbert Lausch
摘要： A process for the calcining of limestone or hydrated lime by thermal treatment thereof with hot gases in a rotary kiln through which the kiln atmosphere and the charge are countercurrently passed, which kiln is fed with solid carbonaceous fuel, is described. The invention resides in introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a horizontal region across the rotary kiln defined by a point along the length of the kiln where ignitable particles of said solid fuel first appear and a second point along the length of said rotary kiln which is spaced from the charging end of said kiln not more than 50% of the length thereof. The oxygen-containing gases are injected through nozzle blocks in said rotary kiln, and oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the free space of said kiln.
摘要翻译： 对通过热回收窑中的热气体对石灰石或熟石灰进行煅烧的方法，其中窑气和电荷通过该窑气和电荷逆流，该窑被供给固体碳质燃料。 本发明的目的在于将含氧气体引入跨过回转窑的水平区域，该窑炉沿着窑长度的点定义，其中首先出现所述固体燃料的可点燃的颗粒，以及沿所述回转窑的长度的第二点， 与所述窑的充电端隔开不超过其长度的50％。 含氧气体通过所述回转窑中的喷嘴块注入，并且含氧气体被引入所述窑的自由空间中。
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公开(公告)号：US4179280A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-18
申请号：US898256
申请日：1978-04-20
申请人： Gerhard Reuter , Wolfram Schnabel , Harry Serbent
发明人： Gerhard Reuter , Wolfram Schnabel , Harry Serbent
IPC分类号： C21B13/08
CPC分类号： C21B13/08 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A process for directly reducing iron oxide-containing materials to provide sponge iron by heating said iron oxide-containing materials in a rotary kiln while employing a solid carbonaceous reducing agent having a high content of volatile combustible components, wherein oxygen-containing gases are injected into the rotary kiln at a controlled rate through shell pipes into the free kiln space and the charge is moved through the rotary kiln countercurrently to the flow of the kiln atmosphere, is described. The invention lies in injecting oxygen-containing gases at controlled rates through nozzle blocks into the charge disposed over said nozzle blocks and in injecting oxygen-containing gases at controlled rates through shell pipes into the free kiln space in that region of the heating-up zone defined by a point along the length of the heating-up zone where ignitable particles of the solid reducing agent first appear and a second point before the reducing zone.
摘要翻译： 一种直接还原含铁氧化物的材料以通过在回转窑中加热所述含氧化铁的材料以提供海绵铁的方法，同时使用具有高含量挥发性可燃组分的固体碳质还原剂，其中含氧气体被注入 描述了回转窑以受控的速率通过壳管进入自由窑空间，并且将电荷与回转窑逆流地移动到窑气的流动。 本发明在于通过喷嘴块将控制速率的含氧气体注入到设置在所述喷嘴块上的电荷中，并通过壳管将含氧气体以受控的速率注入到加热区域的自由窑空间中 由沿着加热区长度的点定义，其中首先出现固体还原剂的可点燃颗粒，并且在还原区之前的第二点。
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9.发明授权Process for a direct reduction of iron oxide containing materials in a rotary kiln 失效在回转窑中直接还原含氧化铁的材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US4838934A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-13
申请号：US62731
申请日：1987-06-16
申请人： Gerd Elsenheimer , Wolfram Schnabel
发明人： Gerd Elsenheimer , Wolfram Schnabel
IPC分类号： C21B13/08
CPC分类号： C21B13/08
摘要： The charge is moved through a rotary kiln countercurrently to the gas atmosphere. Solid carbonaceous reducing agent having a high content of volatile constituents is charged into the rotary kiln at its charging end. Solid carbonaceous reducing agent having a high content of volatile constituents is blown into the rotary kiln at its discharge end and is distributed over the charge in part of the length of the kiln. Oxygen-containing gases are supplied to the rotary kiln through its shell at a plurality of locations. In order to provide optimum operating conditions in the final zone of the kiln, solid carbonaceous material having a high content of volatile constituents is separated into a coarser fraction and a finer fraction, a part of the coarser fraction and a part of the finer fraction are mixed. The resulting mixture is blown by a blowing device into the rotary kiln at its discharge end, said mixture consists of an amount of 10 to 40% of the finer fraction and of an amount of 90 to 60% of the coarser fraction and is blown at a rate of up to 50% of the total feed rate of solid carbonaceous material. The blown mixture is distributed over up to 50% of the length of the kiln, and the remaining solid carbonaceous material is charged into the rotary kiln at its charging end.
摘要翻译： 电荷通过回转窑与气体气氛逆流移动。 具有高挥发成分含量的固体碳质还原剂在其充电端装入回转窑。 具有高挥发成分含量的固体碳质还原剂在其排出端被吹入回转窑中，并且在窑的一部分长度上分布在电荷上。 含氧气体在多个位置通过其外壳供应到回转窑。 为了在窑的最后区域提供最佳的操作条件，具有高挥发成分含量的固体碳质材料被分离成较粗的部分，较细的部分，较粗的部分的一部分和较细部分的一部分是 混合 所得到的混合物通过吹塑装置在其排出端被吹入回转窑中，所述混合物由较细部分的10至40％和较粗级分的90至60％的量组成，并吹入 固体碳质材料的总进料速率高达50％。 吹制的混合物分布在窑的长度的50％以上，剩余的固体碳质材料在其充电端装入回转窑。
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公开(公告)号：US4551414A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-05
申请号：US463437
申请日：1983-02-03
CPC分类号： G03F7/039 , Y10S430/143 , Y10S430/168
摘要： The invention relates to positive resist materials of thermally crosslinkable methacrylic polymers soluble in organic solvents, which are characterized in that the methacrylic polymers are copolymers of 80 to 98 mol-% of fluoroalkylmethacrylate and 20 to 2 mol-% of methacrylic acid chloride or chloroalkylmethacrylate. The resists of the invention are very well suited for the transfer of microstructures, for example in semiconductor technology. They have, in addition to a high sensitivity, a very good mechanical stability and strength of adhesion.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及可溶于有机溶剂的热交联性甲基丙烯酸聚合物的正性抗蚀剂材料，其特征在于甲基丙烯酸类聚合物是甲基丙烯酸氟代烷基酯80至98摩尔％和甲基丙烯酰氯或甲基丙烯酸氯代烷基酯20至2摩尔％的共聚物。 本发明的抗蚀剂非常适合于微结构的转移，例如在半导体技术中。 除了高灵敏度之外，它们具有非常好的机械稳定性和粘合强度。
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