Abstract:
Disclosed is a network-on-chip system including an active memory processor for processing increased communication latency by multiple processors and memories. The network-on-chip system includes a plurality of processing elements that request to perform an active memory operation for a predetermined operation from a shared memory to reduce access latency of the shared memory, and an active memory processor connected to the processing elements through a network, storing codes for processing custom transaction in request to the active memory operation, performing an operation addresses or data stored in a shared cache memory or the shared memory based on the codes and transmitting the performed operation result to the processing elements.
Abstract:
Provided is a reconfigurable processor that may process a first type of operation in first mode using a first group of functional units, and process a second type of operation in second mode using a second group of functional units. The reconfigurable processor may selectively supply power to either the first group or the second group, in response to a mode-switch signal or a mode-switch instruction.
Abstract:
A wavelength-interchanging cross-connect for use as an optical switch within a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) communications network in which multiple optical carrier signals at different optical wavelengths are switched in an all-optical process according to their wavelength. The cross-connect of the invention further allows the optical wavelength of the signal being switched to be changed to another WDM wavelength. The cross-connect includes a series of multi-wavelength 2.times.2 spatial optical switches. One serial path is directly connected between the spatial switches. The other serial path leads through intermediate wavelength-interchanging modules that interchange the carrier wavelengths of at least one pair of signals. Preferably, the wavelength interchanging is performed by difference frequency generation relying on second-order non-linear susceptibilities and a pump signal providing parametric gain. The frequency of the pump signal is chosen to be the sum of the frequencies of whatever optical signals are to be interchanged, and more than one pair can simultaneously be interchanged. The placement of the pumping frequencies is determined by a design process using a modified version of a recursively designed Benes network. As a result, the wavelength-interchanging cross connect can be controlled by the well known looping algorithm known for Benes networks to be rearrangeably non-blocking.
Abstract:
A method of controlling a non-volatile memory device includes comparing the number of banks that are in operating states with a threshold value. If the number of the banks is smaller than the threshold value, data stored in a standby bank is read. If there is no bank having data to be read, a standby bank is programmed. If the number of the banks is equal to or greater than the threshold value or if the reading or the programming is performed, it is determined whether there is a reading or programming command to be performed. If there is the reading or programming command to be performed, the process is repeated from the comparing step. The programming may include programming of a most significant bit (MSB) page or a least significant bit (LSB) page.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides a controller which comprises a command generator configured to generate a command to non volatile memory, and buffer configured to receive a first data and a second data and configured to combine the first data and the second data, an ECC unit configured to perform the ECC decoding. And the first page data may include at least one error bit corresponding to an error location table and the second page data may include at least one original bit which can be replaced with the error bit. The buffer may replace the at least one error bit with the said at least one original bit. The error location table may save information of location for the repeated error bit.
Abstract:
An edge-emitting laser formed in an opto-electronic chip and having an emission wavelength determined by dielectric interference filter formed on opposing facets between which said laser extends. The two interference filter are each respective Fabry-Perot etalon filters having two interference mirrors sandwiching a resonant dielectric cavity layer so that the filter manifests a flat reflectance spectrum with a deep reflectance notch in its center. The two filters are fabricated with wavelengths of their notches differing by about 2%. The sum of the two filter transmittances represents round-trip cavity loss and has a double-peaked shape with a sharp minimum between the two notch wavelengths. The wavelength of the sum minimum determines the lasing wavelength without the need for a Bragg grating being incorporated within the chip. The invention can be applied to multi-wavelength edge-emitting lasers including multiple laser stripes by applying filters of different wavelengths to the ends of different stripes.
Abstract:
An optical signaling header technique applicable to optical networks wherein packet routing information is embedded in the same channel or wavelength as the data payload so that both the header and data payload propagate through network elements with the same path and the associated delays. The header routing information has sufficiently different characteristics from the data payload so that the signaling header can be detected without being affected by the data payload, and that the signaling header can also be removed without affecting the data payload. The signal routing technique can be overlaid onto the conventional network elements in a modular manner using two types of applique modules. The first type effects header encoding and decoding at the entry and exit points of the data payload into and out of the network; the second type effects header detection at each of the network elements.
Abstract:
An all-optical wavelength converter comprising an optical waveguide of regions having differing non-linear optical susceptibilities such that the regions are quasi phase matched. An optical pumping signal is introduced in the waveguide, either input from the outside or is locally generated from a lasing active layer in the waveguide. Light having a first frequency is input to the waveguide and interacts with the optical pumping signal via the non-linear susceptibility to create light having a second frequency. Each of the regions has a length of one coherence length. That is, the input light and the pump light fall out of phase by 180.degree. in one coherence length. The modulation of the non-linear susceptibility can be accomplished, by disordering the anisotropic material forming the non-linear waveguide, by inverting the anisotropic crystal structure, or by launching an acoustic wave onto the waveguide so that the compression of the material periodically varies the non-linearities. Semiconductor quorum wells provide a high degree of non-linearity, but lithium niobate and related materials can also be used.
Abstract:
Provided is a reconfigurable processor that may process a first type of operation in first mode using a first group of functional units, and process a second type of operation in second mode using a second group of functional units. The reconfigurable processor may selectively supply power to either the first group or the second group, in response to a mode-switch signal or a mode-switch instruction.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of tracing a program that comprises: providing a relational database data structure defining a plurality of fields configured to store program trace information; executing a program comprising a plurality of functions including calling a function from the program; extracting first trace data of the function and storing the first trace data in a portion of the plurality of fields; and after executing the program, extracting second trace data associated with the first trace data and storing the second trace data in remaining portions of the plurality of fields.