摘要:
A method for an encryption of a data stream is provided. The method includes: providing the data stream, providing at least two first random number generators having a first cryptographic strength, wherein each of the at least two first random number generators is switchable between states including a clocked state and a working state, and providing a second random number generator having a second cryptographic strength, wherein the second cryptographic strength is higher than the cryptographic strength. The method further includes switching the states of the at least two first random number generators using an output of the second random number generator and using an XOR-function for combining the data stream with an output of one of the at least two first random number generators, which is in the working state, such that a ciphered data stream is created.
摘要:
A method, a magnetic field sensor, and an electronic device measure and determine the magnitude and/or the direction of a magnetic field. The magnetic sensor is based on at least a first magnetoresistive-layered structure having an electric resistance depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. The magnetic sensor generates at least a first offset magnetic field. The magnitude and the direction of the offset magnetic field can be modified to compensate the magnetic field. The electric resistance of the magnetoresistive-layered structure depends on the superposition of magnetic field and offset magnetic field. A maximum electric resistance indicates that the magnetic field is compensated by the offset magnetic field. In this case the magnitude of the magnetic field corresponds to the magnitude of the offset magnetic field, and the direction of the magnetic field is given by the reversed direction of the offset magnetic field.
摘要:
Methods of reorienting ferromagnetic layers of a plurality of magnetoresistive elements and structures formed by the methods. The plurality of magnetoresistive elements, preferably GMR multilayer elements, are manufactured and arranged on a planar substrate. The method effectively allows selective orientation and reorientation of distinct ferromagnetic layers of a subset of the magnetoresistive elements on the substrate. The methods make either use of subsequent annealing processes making use of magnetic fields pointing in different directions. Prior to application of a subsequent annealing process, a complimentary subset of magnetoresistive elements is effectively shielded by selective deposition of a soft-magnetic shielding layer. Alternatively, a single annealing process can be performed when an externally applied magnetic field is locally modified by soft-magnetic structures, such as fluxguides.
摘要:
A non-contact sensor system according to one embodiment comprises a substrate having at least one sensor element, the at least one sensor element being directed towards at least one data track on a medium positioned opposite the at least one sensor element, wherein the substrate and the medium each carry at least one magnetic track, wherein orientations of magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a force away from the medium. Other embodiments are also presented.
摘要:
A magnetic field sensor device comprising a substrate having at least a first tilted planar section having a surface normal at a first angle with respect to a surface normal of the substrate, and at least a first magnetoresistive layered structure positioned at the at least first tilted section. Methods for manufacturing magnetic field sensor devices are also presented.
摘要:
A magnetic sensor having at least a first and at least a second structure of soft-magnetic material that are spatially separated and define a first gap therebetween. The first and second structure of soft-magnetic material are adapted to form a gap magnetic field pointing in a direction substantially perpendicular to the elongation of the first gap in the vicinity of the first gap in response to an external magnetic field. Additionally, the magnetic sensor comprises at least a first magnetoresistive layered structure that is positioned in the vicinity of the first gap including inside the first gap and that is sensitive to the gap magnetic field.
摘要:
A thermo-responsive hydrogel, including a biocompatible monomer and/or polymer having an amino acid side chain. The hydrogel is thermo-responsive at a physiological temperature, and can include, incorporate, or encapsulate a treatment agent, such as a drug composition, a biomolecule, and/or a nanoparticle. The hydrogel is useful in delivering the treatment agent. The hydrogel is in a first physicochemical state for administration to a mammal. The hydrogel is thermo-responsive at a physiological temperature of the mammal, and changes to a second physicochemical state that is more solid than the first physicochemical state. In the second physicochemical state the thermo-responsive hydrogel releases the treatment agent.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a magnetic field sensor device in one embodiment includes applying a mask on a substrate, performing a wet etching procedure on the substrate for generating at least a first groove having tilted side walls, and depositing at least one layer of magnetoresistive material onto a section of the surface of at least a first tilted side wall of the groove. A method of manufacturing a magnetic field sensor device on a substrate having a plurality of tilted planar sections, each of the tilted planar sections having a surface normal angled with respect to a surface normal of the substrate is also provided. The method includes depositing a magnetoresistive layered structure positioned at each of the tilted planar sections of the substrate, wherein the tilted planar sections are oriented such that a direction of an applied magnetic field in at least one of an x-, y- and z-direction relative to the substrate is detectable based on field-induced resistance changes of the magnetoresistive layered structures.
摘要:
The present invention relates to formulations adapted from the original AREDS formula that are suitable for introduction into a measured amount or volume of a food as well as to foods containing these formulations. These fortified foods are expected to provide patients afflicted with or at risk for developing macular degeneration or other age-related deficiencies with alternative and more palatable sources of the ingredients of the original AREDS formula than those currently available in the market.
摘要:
The present invention relates to mucomimetic and ophthalmic solutions comprising a cationic multimeric antimicrobial agent such as polyaminopropyl biguanide and a magnesium, calcium or magnesium/calcium complex of an anionic polymer such as hyaluronate, alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, chondroitin sulfate or mixtures thereof. In specific embodiments, the solutions include additional components such as a surfactant, preferably polysorbate 20, a viscosity-modifying agent, preferably hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, a tonicity agent and a buffer. The solutions are biocompatible with and are highly comfortable when administered to mucous membranes, including those of the eye, as well as are effective disinfectants.