公开(公告)号：US4509589A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-09

申请号：US405529

申请日：1982-08-05

Applicant: Franklin B. Carlson ,  Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Franklin B. Carlson ,  Robert N. Hall

IPC: C10G1/02 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F28F13/00 ,  F28F19/00 ,  F28G13/00

CPC classification number: F28F13/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F28F19/00 ,  Y02E20/363 ,  Y10S165/92

Abstract: A process and system for simultaneously cooling shale ash fines and flue gas produced during the combustion of spent shale. The flue gas and fine solids are introduced into a heat exchange zone for contact with conventional heat exchange tubes. Heat transfer particles are introduced into the heat exchange zone for mixing with the flue gas to provide increased heat transfer rates between the flue gas and heat exchange equipment. The heat transfer solids are also of a sufficient size to provide continual scrubbing of the heat exchanger surfaces to prevent the build up of an insulating layer of fine dust particles. A staged cooling system and process is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 一种用于同时冷却页岩粉和在废页岩燃烧期间产生的烟气的方法和系统。 将烟气和细固体引入与常规热交换管接触的热交换区。 将热转移颗粒引入热交换区以与烟道气混合，以提供烟道气和热交换设备之间的增加的热传递速率。 传热固体也具有足够的尺寸以提供对热交换器表面的连续洗涤，以防止形成细小尘埃颗粒的绝缘层。 还公开了分级冷却系统和过程。

公开(公告)号：US4421603A

公开(公告)日：1983-12-20

申请号：US352653

申请日：1982-02-26

Applicant: Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Robert N. Hall

IPC: C10J3/54 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B49/22 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10B57/02

CPC classification number: C10G1/02

Abstract: Pyrolysis process and system for recovering product gases and liquids from solid carbonaceous particles.Dual stage fluidized bed retort is disclosed having frusto-conical stages serially connected to promote uniform pyrolysis. Product gases and oil are removed from final fluid bed stage in series. Process includes various energy efficient aspects involving recycle of dilute phase combusted solids as the heat carrier, heavy oil recycle and use of steam and/or product vapors as the source of fluidizing gas for the staged retort.

Abstract translation: 用于从固体碳质颗粒中回收产物气体和液体的热解过程和系统。 公开了双阶段流化床蒸馏器，其具有串联连接的截头圆锥台以促进均匀的热解。 产物气体和油从最终流化床阶段串联除去。 方法包括各种节能方面，包括作为热载体，重油循环使用稀释的燃烧固体的循环和使用蒸汽和/或产物蒸气作为用于分段蒸馏器的流化气体的来源。

公开(公告)号：US3976558A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-24

申请号：US483218

申请日：1974-06-26

Applicant: Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Robert N. Hall

IPC: C10B49/22 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B1/04 ,  C10B49/16

CPC classification number: C10G1/02 ,  C10B49/22 ,  C10B53/06

Abstract: Heat from spent shale combustion is removed from shale ash and combustion gases by direct contact thereof with raw shale particles wherein the fine raw shale particles not easily separable from the shale ash are removed prior to contact of the raw shale with the shale ash and combustion gases.

Abstract translation: 从页岩燃烧中的热量通过与原始页岩颗粒直接接触而从页岩灰和燃烧气体中除去，其中在原始页岩与页岩灰和燃烧气体接触之前，不可容易地与页岩灰分离的细小的页岩颗粒被除去 。

公开(公告)号：US4157559A

公开(公告)日：1979-06-05

申请号：US763836

申请日：1977-01-31

Applicant: Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Robert N. Hall

IPC: G01T1/24 ,  H01L21/228 ,  H01L31/09 ,  H01L31/117 ,  H01L27/14

CPC classification number: G01T1/24 ,  H01L21/228 ,  H01L31/1175

Abstract: Germanium radiation detectors are manufactured by diffusing lithium into high purity p-type germanium. The diffusion is most readily accomplished from a lithium-lead-bismuth alloy at approximately 430.degree. and is monitored by a quartz half cell containing a standard composition of this alloy.Detectors having n-type cores may be constructed by converting high purity p-type germanium to n-type by a lithium diffusion and subsequently diffusing some of the lithium back out through the surface to create a deep p-n junction.Coaxial germanium detectors comprising deep p-n junctions are produced by the lithium diffusion process.

Abstract translation: 通过将锂扩散到高纯度p型锗中来制造锗辐射探测器。 扩散最容易从约430°的锂铅铋合金实现，并由含有该合金的标准组成的石英半电池监测。

公开(公告)号：US4427839A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-24

申请号：US319824

申请日：1981-11-09

Applicant: Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Robert N. Hall

IPC: H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H01L31/06

CPC classification number: H01L31/03529 ,  H01L31/022458 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  H01L31/047 ,  H01L31/056 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H01L31/0682 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/547

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor wafer of one conductivity type with a front radiation receiving surface having a plurality of pyramidal apertures therein. The spacing of adjacent apertures is selected to maximize the escape of undesired radiation. A material with a high index of refraction fills the apertures and further enhances radiation escape. The surfaces of the wafer are provided with thin regions of opposite conductivity type. Two sets of electrodes are provided at selected locations on the rear side of the wafer. One set of electrodes contacts the region of opposite conductivity type on the rear side. The other set of electrodes contacts the wafer through openings in the region of opposite conductivity type.

Abstract translation: 太阳能电池包括一个导电类型的半导体晶片，其中具有多个金字塔形孔的前辐射接收表面。 选择相邻孔的间距以最大限度地减少不需要的辐射的逸出。 具有高折射率的材料填充孔并进一步增强辐射逃逸。 晶片的表面设置有相反导电类型的薄区域。 在晶片的后侧的选定位置设置两组电极。 一组电极在后侧接触相反导电类型的区域。 另一组电极通过相反导电类型区域中的开口接触晶片。

公开(公告)号：US4292289A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-29

申请号：US121486

申请日：1980-02-14

Applicant: Curtis W. Cannon ,  Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Curtis W. Cannon ,  Robert N. Hall

IPC: C01B7/19 ,  C01B25/10 ,  C01B25/18 ,  C01B25/22 ,  C01B25/16

CPC classification number: C01B7/192 ,  C01B25/10 ,  C01B25/185 ,  C01B25/2208

Abstract: An improved method for producing hydrogen fluoride from fluoride bearing ores, such as fluorospar and fluorapatite, by reaction of the ore as a slurry in fluorosulfonic acid. The slurry is heated by the exothermic heat of the reaction to vaporize volatile phosphorous compounds and substantial quantities of hydrogen fluoride. The calcium fluoride is substantially reacted to form hydrogen fluoride. High silica fluorospar ores can be used since silicon tetrafluoride is not formed with fluorosulfonic acid. Another feature provides for addition of calcium fluoride to the slurry to react with the by-product sulfuric acid in the residual solids to eliminate the sulfuric acid recovery step in the process. Hydrogen fluoride produced is recovered, together with the hydrogen fluoride produced from the hydrolysis or pyrolysis of the intermediate fluorophosphorous compounds. Additionally, at least a portion of the hydrogen fluoride can be reacted with sulfur trioxide to form fluorosulfonic acid for makeup in the process.

Abstract translation: 通过矿石作为浆料在氟磺酸中反应，从含氟矿石，如氟碳和氟磷灰石生产氟化氢的改进方法。 通过反应的放热加热浆料以蒸发挥发性磷化合物和大量的氟化氢。 氟化钙基本上反应形成氟化氢。 可以使用高二氧化硅荧光矿石，因为四氟化硅不与氟磺酸形成。 另一个特征提供了将氟化钙添加到浆料中以与剩余固体中的副产物硫酸反应以消除该方法中的硫酸回收步骤。 产生的氟化氢与中间体氟代磷化合物的水解或热解产生的氟化氢一起被回收。 此外，氟化氢的至少一部分可与三氧化硫反应形成氟磺酸，用于在该方法中进行化妆。

公开(公告)号：US4413573A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-08

申请号：US390756

申请日：1982-06-21

Applicant: Robert N. Hall ,  Franklin B. Carlson ,  William J. Thomson

Inventor： Robert N. Hall ,  Franklin B. Carlson ,  William J. Thomson

IPC: B01J8/28 ,  F23C6/04 ,  F23C10/00 ,  F03D1/00

CPC classification number: F23C10/005 ,  B01J8/28 ,  F23C6/04

Abstract: A dual stage combustion system and process for achieving high fuel combustion efficiency and reduced nitric oxide emissions. Combustion is carried out in two stages. A first partial combustion carried out in an oxygen deficient atmosphere followed by a second complete carbon combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. The second combustion step achieves complete fuel utilization, but generates a nitrogen oxide containing flue gas. The nitrogen oxide containing flue gas is passed to the first combustion step where it is removed by interaction with the partially combusted solids.

Abstract translation: 实现高燃料燃烧效率和减少一氧化氮排放的双级燃烧系统和方法。 燃烧分两个阶段进行。 在缺氧气氛中进行第一部分燃烧，然后在氧化气氛中进行第二次完全碳燃烧。 第二燃烧步骤实现完全的燃料利用，但产生含氮氧化物的烟道气。 含有氮氧化物的烟道气被传递到第一燃烧步骤，其中通过与部分燃烧的固体的相互作用除去。

公开(公告)号：US4227942A

公开(公告)日：1980-10-14

申请号：US32117

申请日：1979-04-23

Applicant: Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Robert N. Hall

IPC: H01L31/04 ,  H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H01L31/06

CPC classification number: H01L31/02245 ,  H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  H01L31/068 ,  Y02E10/547

Abstract: A solar cell which has high efficiency and which can be fabricated at low cost is described. The cell includes a semiconductor wafer with a front radiation-receiving surface which is entirely open and free of current conducting grids and also includes an array of interconnection paths which carry photocurrent from the front surface through the cell to metal electrodes on the rear surface of the cell.

Abstract translation: 描述了具有高效率并且可以以低成本制造的太阳能电池。 电池包括半导体晶片，其具有完全开放且没有电流传导栅极的前辐射接收表面，并且还包括互连路径阵列，其将光电流从前表面通过电池携带到金属电极的后表面上 细胞。

公开(公告)号：US4214253A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-22

申请号：US805857

申请日：1977-06-13

Applicant: Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Robert N. Hall

IPC: G01T1/24 ,  G01T1/26 ,  H01L31/115 ,  H01L27/14

CPC classification number: H01L31/115 ,  G01T1/24 ,  G01T1/26

Abstract: An elongated body of monocrystalline semiconductor material is provided with a first region of one conductivity type entirely enclosed within a second region of the opposite conductivity type. Ohmic contacts are made to ends of the elongated body.

Abstract translation: 细长体单体半导体材料具有完全封装在相反导电类型的第二区域内的一种导电类型的第一区域。 欧姆接触件制成细长体的端部。

公开(公告)号：US4202867A

公开(公告)日：1980-05-13

申请号：US987

申请日：1979-01-04

Applicant: Curtis W. Cannon ,  Robert N. Hall

Inventor： Curtis W. Cannon ,  Robert N. Hall

IPC: C01B25/10 ,  C01B25/22 ,  C01B25/16

CPC classification number: C01B25/2208 ,  C01B25/10

Abstract: An improved method for treating calcium phosphate sources such as bone phosphate and phosphate rock with fluorosulfonic acid in the presence of a limited amount of moisture whereby over 98.00% of the phosphorous is converted to volatile compounds that can be subsequently hydrolyzed. A substantial excess of fluorosulfonic acid is utilized to contact the phosphate ore as a slurry. The phosphorous products are primarily phosphorous pentafluoride and phosphorous oxyfluoride, and to a limited extent difluorophosphoric acid. A trace of water apparently catalyzes the reaction. The production of phosphorous pentafluoride is favored by up to one part of water to eight parts of ore by weight in the presence of excesses of fluorosulfonic acid. The method includes the hydrolysis of the volatile compounds to phosphoric acid and hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride is then recycled to react with the required sulfur trioxide to make the requirement of fluorosulfonic acid for the process. Fluorosulfonic acid not consumed in the process is recovered for reuse in the process. Dependent on the form of silica impurities in the ore, a net production of hydrogen fluoride may be obtained from the fluoride content of the rock. The process is relatively self-sustaining as far as hydrogen fluoride used for making fluorosulfonic acid requirements is concerned. Sulfur trioxide is essentially the net reagent required to treat the ore to produce the volatile phosphorous intermediates for subsequent conversion to phosphoric acid and hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract translation: 一种在有限量的水分存在下用氟磺酸处理磷酸钙和磷酸盐岩磷酸盐源的改进方法，其中超过98.00％的磷被转化为随后水解的挥发性化合物。 利用大量过量的氟磺酸作为浆料与磷酸盐矿石接触。 磷产物主要是五氟化磷和氟氧化磷，并且在有限程度上是二氟磷酸。 一滴水显然催化反应。 在过量的氟磺酸存在的情况下，五氟化磷的生产受到多达一份水至八份矿石的青睐。 该方法包括将挥发性化合物水解成磷酸和氟化氢。 然后将氟化氢再循环以与所需的三氧化硫反应，以制备氟磺酸对该方法的要求。 在该过程中不消耗的氟磺酸在该过程中被回收再利用。 根据矿石中二氧化硅杂质的形式，可以从岩石的氟化物含量获得氟化氢的净产量。 就氟化氢用于制备氟磺酸的要求而言，该方法是相对自给自足的。 三氧化硫基本上是处理矿石以产生挥发性磷中间体所需的净试剂，用于随后转化为磷酸和氟化氢。